Abstract
Goal. To investigate the efficiency of microbial preparations in the cultivation of crops in crop rotation with different fertilizer systems. Methods. A field experiment, statistical. Results. The use of microbial preparations for pre-sowing inoculation of seeds of crops contributed to the growth of productivity of agricultural lands, however, the effectiveness of such measures depended on fertilizer systems. Bacterization increased the yield of potato, barley and pea at the cultivation of the crops on the background of low and medium mineral soil fertility, and especially for the combination of fertilizer with the effect and after-effect of use of 5 t/ha of wheat straw, and lupin as intermediate green manure. Preplant bacterization of winter wheat was effective in all studied doses of fertilizers and intensified on the background of the after-effect of straw and green manure. With the organic fertilizer system, the efficiency of microbial preparations depended on the kind of organic fertilizer. The low stimulating effect of the preparations was provided on the background of 5 t/ha of straw. In the year of the direct action of 40 t/ha of bedding manure of cattle, the efficiency of bacterization was leveled. In subsequent years (for the after-effect of fertilizers) the growth of yields was reliable, but the smallest among the studied agricultural backgrounds. A high stimulating effect was observed when growing bacterized plants on green manure agricultural background and for the combination of straw with green manure biomass. Conclusions. The use of microbial preparations for pre-sowing bacterization of seeds is an effective agricultural measure in the techniques of cultivation of crops, but their influence on the productivity of agrocenoses depends on the fertilizer system.
Highlights
Materials and methodsWinter wheat of Poliska 90 variety was grown by the following scheme: 1 – without fertilizers; 2 – straw***; 3 – green manure***; 4 – manure***; 5 – straw*** + green manure***; 6 – manure*** + green manure***; 7 – N30Р30К30; 8 – straw*** + green manure*** + N30Р30К30; 9 – N60Р60К60; – straw*** + green manure *** + N60Р60К60; – N90Р90К90; – Straw * * * + green manure*** + N90Р90К90; – manure*** + N30Р30К30; – manure*** + green manure*** + N30Р30К30 (note: *** – third year after-effect of organic matter)
In the soil-microorganisms-plant system the soil bacteria and microscopic fungi play essential and an integral role
Crops inoculation was performed with the following biologicals: Biohran, for potato (TU U 24.1-00497360-006:2009) Microhumin, for spring barley (TU U 24.1-00497360-007:2009), Rhizohumin, for pea (TU U 24.1-00497360-003:2007) and Polymyxobacterin, for winter wheat (TU U 24.1-00497360004:2009)
Summary
Winter wheat of Poliska 90 variety was grown by the following scheme: 1 – without fertilizers; 2 – straw***; 3 – green manure***; 4 – manure***; 5 – straw*** + green manure***; 6 – manure*** + green manure***; 7 – N30Р30К30; 8 – straw*** + green manure*** + N30Р30К30; 9 – N60Р60К60; – straw*** + green manure *** + N60Р60К60; – N90Р90К90; – Straw * * * + green manure*** + N90Р90К90; – manure*** + N30Р30К30; – manure*** + green manure*** + N30Р30К30 (note: *** – third year after-effect of organic matter). It should be emphasized, that the effectiveness of the Biohran preparation has reduced with the increasing norm of mineral fertilizers In part, this negativity trend was neutralized through the application of complex mineral fertilizers on the background of the combined use of straw and lupine green manure, which is likely due to the prolonged action of mineral nitrogen by its temporary immobilization with a fresh organic substance with a wide C/N ratio. Dokuchaev wrote that a large number of microorganisms are introduced into the soil with the manure, playing an important role with fertilizers [23]
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