Productivity Of Arable Land Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА РОЛИ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ, ПОЧВЕННЫХ И АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ РЕСУРСОВ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ

The assessment of complex influence of climatic, soil and agronomical factors on the formation of winter wheat yield in Central Chernozem region under modern conditions is carried out. It is found out that the territorial variation of arable land productivity is based on the interaction of the productive capacity of climate, soil quality and the level of field management, which determines 68 to 74 % of yield variance. For regional levels, the assessment of the resources of winter wheat yield is given using a minimum set of agroclimatic parameters, agrochemical soil properties. The hierarchy of significant factors is determined and a set of indicators for assessing the resource state of agricultural landscapes which are necessary for rational use of natural resources of the territory is determined.

An innovative digitization evaluation scheme for Spatio-temporal coordination relationship between multiple knowledge driven rural economic development and agricultural ecological environment—Coupling coordination model analysis based on Guangxi

The agricultural ecological environment is the premise and foundation of rural economic development and the rural economy is an important manifestation of the vitality of the agricultural ecological environment. Taking 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi as the research object, this paper collects and sorts out the relevant data indicators of rural economy and agricultural ecological environment of them from 2007 to 2019, constructs the evaluation index system, calculates the development index by using the comprehensive index function, and finally uses an innovative digitization evaluation scheme to further evaluate the spatiotemporal coupling and coordination relationship between the rural economy and agricultural ecological environment. The following conclusions are ultimately drawn. First, the comprehensive level index of the rural economy shows linear growth with unbalanced regional development (values from 0.306 to 0.598). Second, the comprehensive index of the agricultural ecological environment shows fluctuating growth with obvious regional differences (values from 0.264 to 0.483). Third, the development of rural economy and agricultural ecological environment is not synchronized, and there is mutual influence. Fourth, the coordination level of the rural economy and agricultural ecological environment is low (coupling values from 0.369 to 0.513). Then, policy inspirations are proposed. First, the investment in agricultural science and technology innovation should be increased and the modern agricultural technology system. Second, agricultural industrial structure should be optimized and the agricultural industrial chain. Third, the construction of agricultural infrastructure should be improved, and the high-quality development of agriculture should be promoted. Fourth, the education of ecological civilization should be strengthened, and awareness of ecological and environmental protection should be established. Fifth, they should strengthen education and training and cultivate new professional farmers. Sixth, they should improve the utilization rate of land and enhance the arable land production capacity.

The Role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in Improving Farm Productivity in Kainam Village, Mbulu District –Tanzania

This article aims to contribute to the current debate on the role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in arable land productivity. The study uses the Kainam Village ecosystem as a case study to describe the Iraqw community-based knowledge that supports their livelihoods. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyse the indigenous knowledge practices applied in arable land resources utilization. The conceptual framework around which most of the IKS analyses have hinged over time are narrated. It is conceived that IKS have demonstrated a synergetic relationship between land and the use to which it’s put as they support hundreds of people in the village. The findings have revealed that Kainam people living in Mbulu District, have applied IKS in land classification and use, over centuries. IKS practices have sustained household yields and crops quality in the study area. Despite the small farm sizes, traditional tools and tilling methods, the households produce enough for their families and have surplus to assist relatives in far-away villages. This is due to the system of cultivating their farms throughout the year and the culturally in-built knowledge on land resources management, which has been historically accumulated, and used for survival and sustainability of household productivity in the village ecosystems. It is recommended that in order to sustain these best practices of IKS, it is important to integrate it into the curricula of the formal education system at all levels but particularly in primary education which is accessible to most rural Tanzanians.

Оценка земель агрохозяйственных зон Томской области по результатам моделирования ступеней увлажнения

The scientific novelty of the relevance of this study is caused by the fact that for the effective development and use of space, an integral criterion is needed, calculated on the basis of spatially distributed data, characterizin the local hydrological and climatic conditions of growth, formed under the influence of landscape conditions. The aim of the work is to develop and verify a method for assessing the quality of land based on the results of hydrological and climatic modeling of the stages of humidification by L. G. Ramensky. The lands with moisture scale 55-70 were accepted as the most suitable for agroindustrial use. The studied territory, even within the same agricultural zone, is very heterogeneous, with a mosaic distribution of moisture levels. Unfavorable technological properties of land – high waterlogging, small-contour fields increase the cost of their processing, making agriculture in modern conditions low-profitable. For agricultural zones of the Tomsk region, according to the described method, the calculation of moisture scale was performed. A comparison of the estimates of land suitability based on the results of hydrological and climatic modeling of moisture scale with those previously obtained for agricultural zones of the Tomsk region showed good convergence for 8 zones out of 10. This allows us to consider the calculation of L. G. Ramensky's moisture scale as a working tool for optimizing land management. It should be noted that the use of the SRTM-height matrix, due to its inherent disadvantages, does not allow performing a fully adequate on-farm land assessment. It is necessary to use better digital terrain models. The received assessments of the quality of land resources confirm that high-quality land resources in the Tomsk region are very limited and appropriate efforts should be made to preserve them. In particular, the least productive arable land should be transferred to hayfields, and distant unused agricultural land to forest plantations with valuable tree species.

The effect of tillage in combination with the use of fertilizers and protective equipment on the yield and economic efficiency of crop cultivation in the North-Eastern region of the central chernozem zone

The studies were carried out on typical chernozem. The purpose of the research was to develop resource-saving technological methods of crop cultivation, ensuring an increase in yield and economic efficiency of production. The work was carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment against the background of two types of crop rotations: in 2007-2010 – grain-fallow-hoe (black fallow – winter wheat – sugar beet – barley) and in 2013-2020 – grain-fallow (black fallow – winter wheat – soy – barley). Four systems of basic tillage were compared in the grain-fallow-hoe crop rotation: traditional dump multi-depth, surface, non-dump multi-depth, combined (25% dump + 75% non-dump). There are five tillage systems in the grain-fallow crop rotation, with the inclusion of a combined system in the experiment scheme (25% dump + 75% surface). Fertilizers and plant protection products were used against the background of treatments for crop rotation cultures. The best conditions for the formation of crop yields, arable land productivity in crop rotations and the best economic indicators are formed with combined (25% dump and 75% non-dump) and (25% dump + 75% surface) tillage systems in combination with a low level of mineral nutrition and plant protection products. An increase in the level of mineral nutrition in crop rotations without the use of plant protection products leads to a significant decrease in the economic efficiency of production.

Influence of manure application method on gray forest soil fertility, crop yield and quality

The article presents the results of field experiments on deepening the arable horizon of gray forest medium loamy soil to increase its fertility through applying organic fertilizer under PY-3-35 layer plow to a depth of 2527 cm. Low mineralization of organic fertilizer during layer cultivation under oxygen deficiency conditions contributed to accumulation of humus in soil by 6.6 t/ha more than during conventional plowing, and by 7.5 t/ha - than during disking. It also improved water-physical and biological properties of soil: number of water-resistant aggregates increased by 4.6 and 5.3 %, soil density lowered by 0.03 and 0.04 g/cm3, number of earthworms increased by 3...6 individuals, expanded reproduction of fertility was provided, productivity of arable land increased by 7.0 and 6.7 % and crop quality increased compared to conventional plowing and disking, respectively. Deep manure incorporation extended life of organic fertilizer up to 5 years, while after conventional plowing and disking this process lasted only 2...3 years. It is not economically and environmentally beneficial, since frequent application requires a lot of fuel, and a large amount of harmful chemical compounds contained in combustion products is dumped into the environment.

Эффективность применения микроудобрений под хлопчатник в лугово-сероземных почвах Ширванской степи (Азербайджан)

The article says that the main increase in the productivity of animal husbandry is to increase the production of feed and improve their quality. This is primarily due to the cultivation in each soil and climate zone of such crops that would provide high-quality and stable yields of forage crops. An alternative to traditional silage crops, such as corn, can be sugar sorghum. This is due to the versatility of its use, drought resistance, heat resistance and high productivity. Sorghum cultivation allows to increase the productivity of arable land and significantly improve the quality of feed in terms of sugar content. Therefore, the relevance of the full-scale study of the elements of the technology of forage crop cultivation, for the conditions of the Kazakh part of the Aral Sea region, is obvious. In the arsenal of the world’s plant resources, sorghum is characterized by the greatest heat and drought resistance, salt tolerance and high yield. To create a unit of dry matter, sorghum consumes almost half of its water. First of all, sorghum has a minimum transpiration coefficient, i.e. the water consumption is a unit of dry matter. For example, sorghum consumes 300 parts of water, and Sudanese grass – 340, corn – 388, wheat – 515, sunflower – 895. The yield of dry matter from sorghum is 30 % higher compared to corn. Sorghum grain contains more than 70-91 % starch and 10.5 % protein, and corn, respectively, 60-75 and 7-15 %. With an intensive type of root system development, sorghum belongs to the xerophytic (drought-resistant) type of plants. Sorghum is the leading crop among most crops due to its ability to tolerate prolonged harsh hydrothermal conditions.

The impact of land consolidation on arable land productivity: A differentiated view of soil and vegetation productivity

Changes in agricultural land productivity have become a crucial criterion for assessing the effectiveness of land consolidation (LC). In this study, agricultural land productivity under LC was observed and monitored in terms of two important factors: vegetation productivity and soil productivity, which were represented by net primary productivity (NPP) and soil organic matter (SOM), respectively. Based on spatial and temporal variations before and after the implementation of LC, the response of vegetation and soil productivity to LC was further discussed. The main results are as follows: (1) The effectiveness of LC could be quantitatively confirmed in terms of both vegetation and soil productivity. Compared with vegetation productivity, soil productivity had stronger and more positive response to LC. (2) The effectiveness of LC was characterized by temporal attenuation, which specifically showed that the improvement of vegetation and soil productivity followed a trajectory of "increase–stability" after the implementation of LC. (3) The effectiveness of LC was seasonal, coinciding with the farming period. In other words, the effectiveness of LC became completely prominent with the implementation of agricultural activities. This phenomenon was particularly more pronounced from the aspect of soil productivity.

Mineral and raw resources and poultry waste to increase soil fertility

The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of mineral resources and poultry waste to increase soil fertility in the Tyumen region. According to statistics for 2020 in Russia 45156,3 tons of waste was generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming. On the territory of the Tyumen region 1200 tons of poultry droppings are formed per day. The volume of accumulation is 432,000 tons per year. At the same time, poultry droppings is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO₂ – 21,5 million m³, methane – 12,9 million m³ per year. Diatomite is a sedimentary rock consisting of fossilized shells of diatoms, and is a fine powder of gray color. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, top dressing for animals and poultry, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. In order to restore the lost soil fertility in the region (0,6 %, or 2032,2 hectares per year), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers (11,7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The presence of a large amount of mineral resources and poultry droppings in the Tyumen region makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies for creating organomineral fertilizers. The implementation of the project based on the technology of using modified diatomite and various types of poultry waste will reduce the amount of waste, reduce the hazard class of bird droppings, the environmental burden of poultry farming on the environment, as well as increase the biological safety and productivity of arable land.

Influence of using fertilizers on fertility indices of sod-podzolic soils and productivity of short-term crop rotation of Polissya

The influence of litter manure and straw as fertilizers in pure form and in combination with manure, green manure and mineral fertilizers on the content of humus and basic nutrients in sod-podzolic soil has been studied. A significant effect on the change of humus content on sod-podzolic soils depending on fertilizer systems has been established. The highest indicators of humus content in the soil were found in the variants with 40 t/ha of manure, 0.97–1.14% and 1.17–1.23%, respectively, and straw 4 t/ha in combination with lupine green manure — 0.94–1.15% and 1.16–1.25%. The most significant increase in humus content per rotation was observed in sidereal crop rotation, against the background without fertilizers the indicator increased by 0.05–0.29%, against the background of N40P40K120 application — by 0.03–0.21%, in crop rotation — 0.05–0.19% and 0.01-0.09%, respectively. Analyzing the dynamics of the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, it was found that the greatest growth both at the beginning and at the end of crop rotation provided options with the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure (+69…+85 mg/kg of soil), 4 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (+63…+82 mg/kg of soil) and straw with green manure (+71…+80 mg/kg of soil). The application of manure, straw and plowing of green manures contributed to the increase of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds from 9 to 69 mg/kg of soil on the background without fertilizers and 38 to 67 mg/kg of soil on the background N40P40K120. The combination of straw with manure and straw with green manure for the application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the content of mobile phosphorus compounds to the level recorded in the variant for the application of 40 t/ha of manure, and in some versions of the experiment even exceed it. It was found that the deficit-free and positive balance of potassium for rotation of crop rotation and sidereal crop rotation was provided by variants with 4 t/ha of straw in combination with 20 t/ha of manure and 4 t/ha of straw in combination with lupine green manure against N40P40K120. Balances and productivity of arable land use in short-rotation crop rotations of Polissya are calculated. In crop rotation, the humus balance is negative for the alienation of lupine green mass for fodder. Variants with application of 10 t / ha of crop rotation area of manure (–0.03 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (–0.1 t/ha) on the background of N35P35K85 application allowed to get as close as possible to the deficit-free balance of humus. In sidereal crop rotation, a positive balance of humus is observed with the application of 10 t/ha of manure (+0.21…+0.29 t/ha), 1 t/ha of straw in combination with 5 t/ha of manure, 22 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw in combination with green manure (+0.09… +0.18 t/ha). Close to the deficit-free balance of humus is the option with the introduction of 1 t/ha of straw in its pure form. An alternative to manure in Polissya should be the use of straw in combination with green manure (including lupine), which will help preserve and reproduce the humus content in the soil, improve the balance of nutrients and increase the productivity of arable land in crop rotations.

Effect of agricultural subsidies on the use of chemical fertilizer

Agricultural subsidies lead to changes in the use of chemical fertilizer by farmers. Using data from a household survey conducted annually by the Rural Economy Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of China from 2014 to 2018, Control Function (CF) approach and Heteroskedasticity-based identification strategy were employed to analyze the impact of agricultural subsidies on chemical fertilizer use by rice farmers. After addressing the problem of endogeneity, we found that agricultural subsidies have a significantly negative impact on the use of chemical fertilizer. Precisely, every 100% increase in agricultural subsidies would result in an average decrease of 3.4% in chemical fertilizer use. In addition, results of heterogeneity analysis showed that agricultural subsidies had a stronger negative impact on fertilizer use as rice-planting experience increases. But the ability of rice-planting management and off-farm labor within household could reduce this negative impact. We also found that the effect of arable land productivity conservation subsidies policy was short-lived. Furthermore, based on the frame of structural equation model (SEM), the results of mediation analysis showed that agricultural machine and rice-planting area had partial mediation of 5.3% and 41%, respectively. It implied that agricultural subsidies reduced fertilizer use by promoting the adoption of agricultural techniques and expanding the planting area. In brief, agricultural subsidies had both technical effect and scale effect. But the mediating effect of household income was not significant. This study is intended to assist the concerned authority and agriculture sector to understand the positive role of agricultural subsidies in sustainable production, and provides some feasible policy proposals.

Ameliorative potential and rating of the agrochernozem in the Trans-Ural steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia)

Under the conditions of an intensive growth of the Earth’s population, a decrease in the area and quality of productive arable land, the question of reproduction of a sufficient amount and quality of plant agricultural products arises. The arid areas, where amid climate is marked by an increase in soil production moisture shortages and declining crop yields are particularly problematic in this regard. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is to use irrigation reclamation. However, change in the water regime can lead to degradation of the soil cover, in connection with which there is a need for a preliminary assessment of the soil resistance to irrigation. The research was carried out on an agricultural site, which is planned for use in irrigated agriculture. It is shown that the soil cover of the site is represented by agrochernozem (Chernozems Luvic (CHlv), which is characterized by an average level of organic matter and nutrients, a slightly acidic reaction, favorable water-physical properties and, accordingly, it is resistant to irrigation. Assessment of the soil cover based on the soil-agro-climatic index showed that the limiting factor in this area is insufficient moisture. In this connection, carrying out irrigation reclamation will increase the productivity of agricultural crops.

BÖYÜK QAFQAZIN CƏNUB-ŞƏRQ YAMACI, EROZİYAYA UĞRAMIŞ – BOZQIRLAŞMIŞDAĞ - QƏHVƏYİ TORPAQLARIN FİTOMELİORASİYASI (ŞAMAXI RAYONU TİMSALINDA)

The article describes the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus - Shemakhan region, The results of field and laboratory analysis of soil samples taken from "less disturbed" and "moderately eroded" areas of pastures and pastures in the village of Gizmeidan were discussed, and accurate information on their physiccochemical characteristics was given. After studying the current state of the soil and vegetation of these territories, phyto-reclamation measures were carried out using perennial grasses and mineral fertilizers in the "moderately eroded" territories. Depending on the results of the various options, the farm was given appropriate recommendations. Therefore, it is very important to study ways to increase the productivity of arable land provided to legal entities and individuals using this territory, to provide them with scientific, scientific and methodological assistance in applying the necessary agrotechnical and phytomeliorative control measures. Key words:landscape, land, forest, degradation, erosion, climate, relief, anthropogenic factor, hashtag, fertilizer, pasture, humus, food elements, productivity

Influence of biologized crop rotations on agrophysical soil properties, crop weediness, and arable land productivity in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals

Influence of biologized crop rotations on agrophysical soil properties, crop weediness, and arable land productivity in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛЕСОМЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО ОБУСТРОЙСТВА НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ УГОДИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СУХОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ

Purpose: to assess the state of dry steppe agroforestry landscapes in Volgograd region, to analyze changes in the values of the vegetation index of sown areas in relation to the width of the favorable protective effect of forest plantations to identify the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data to assess the yield of arable land in agroforestry landscapes. Materials and methods. The object of research is agroforestry landscapes of the dry steppe zone. The studies were carried out in Kalachevsky district Volgograd region. The research methods are based on the aerospace survey technique in combination with geoinformation technologies, interpretation and computer modeling in agroforestry landscapes. The analysis of arable land and the impact of protective forest plantations on arable land productivity was carried out using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results. Dynamics of vegetation indices for the period 2017–2019 showed the relationship between the zone of favorable influence of the forest shelter belts and their level of degradation, which affected the state of winter wheat crops grown in the dry steppe zone, namely the NDVI values. The regularity of changes in the vegetation index is monitored when the safety of protective forest plantations changes. It is possible to determine the estimated yield of the field by the regression equations, applying the relationship between the vegetation index and the safety of forest belts, according to their zone of favorable influence. Conclusions: field-protective forest belts with high forest stand preservation form favorable protective conditions in the fields for growing crops at a distance of up to 300 m for the dry-steppe zone of Volgograd region, which is confirmed by high yields in the zone of influence of these forest plantations.

Use of agroecological soil monitoring data in designing adaptive landscape farming systems

The article analyzes the experience of using agroecological monitoring data in designing adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and soil protection in the Belgorod region. On the basis of data on soil acidity, design and estimate documentation for liming is developed. Materials on the content of soil organic matter are used in the design of measures to form a deficient balance of humus. Information on the availability of arable soils with mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium is necessary for calculating doses of mineral fertilizers. With low availability of mobile forms of sulphur and trace elements, recommendations are being developed for the use of fertilizers containing scarce elements. As a result of the implementation by agricultural producers of projects of adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and soil protection, in 2015-2018, compared to 2010-2014, the use of mineral fertilizers increased by 14.4 kg/ha, organic - by 3.3 tons/ha, lime production - by 38.1 thousand ha/year. As a result, arable land productivity increased by 1.01 thousand feed units.

Scientific and methodological approaches to the determination of low-productive arable land

The article highlights the essence of the conceptsof low productivity of arable land, social and naturalfactors that determine the productivity of these lands.Qualitative indicators of arable land productivity,their conditionality and connection with the data ofnatural-agricultural zoning, creditworthiness and normative monetary valuations of lands, rent relations, rent nature of land relations in the agrosphereare substantiated. Scientific and methodological approaches allow determining on the basis of natural agricultural zoning, credit assessment of arable land, standards of capitalized rental income on agricultural land and environmental indicators of use (yield, profitability, cost) of these cereals and legumes as the main, whichprovide security. In a specific study region, the calculations of quantitative and qualitative indicators of low productivity of arable land in terms of agricultural groups of soils of the natural-agricultural area are given. These recommendations will make it possible to adjust the structure of land, sown areas, transform land into more productive, which will ensure the balance of nature and increase the level of protection as land resources and the environment in general. It should be noted that the proposed approaches will minimize the cost of improving the environment (as the cheapest processes) by identifying unproductive lands (especially arable) and transforming them into more productive (hayfields, pastures) and more environmentally resistant to degradation processes (water and wind erosion, reduction of anthropogenic load, etc.).

Influence of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the humus state of the soil in a long-term stationary experiment

Relevance and methods. The article presents the data of scientific research on the influence of field crop rotations with the use of complex mineral fertilizers at a dose of 90 kg d. V. and without them on the humus state of dark gray forest heavy loam soil and arable land productivity in the Ryazan region. Research was carried out in the fields of ISA-a branch OF fgbnu FNAC VIM from 1992–1994. The aim of the research is to study the effect of long-term use of different crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the humus content and changes in arable land productivity in dark gray forest soil and to predict the consequences of their use. In order to reproduce soil fertility and a deficit-free balance of humus, it is necessary, first of all, to have scientifically-based crop rotations in crops. Results. Our studies on dark grey forest heavy loam on granulometric structure of the soil, it was found that the saturation of crop rotations of legumes and legume-grasses contributes to the content of the total humus 0.16–0,195% for unfertilized and 0,324–0,290% in the fertilized soil, whereas in the rotation with the black field pair without application of fertilizer stocks this indicator of soil fertility in the layer 0–30 cm was reduced by 0,154%, the result of the increasing salinity and the lack of input of organic matter. It is noted that the long-term use of crop rotations saturated with grasses leads both to the stabilization of soil fertility and to an increase in the productivity of arable land, the initial value of which when the experiment was laid was 33.0 C.K. units/ha. at the end of the fourth rotation, the value of this indicator increased by 55.2% and 105.8%, respectively, on wind and fertilized backgrounds.

Evaluation of the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater level and mineralization in agricultural lands under climate change in the Syrdarya province, Uzbekistan

Salinization processes are taking place as a result of rising groundwater level and its mineralization rate due to inefficient and unsustainable use of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. This leads to a reduction of arable land productivity and a decrease in nationwide yield production. Especially, salinization is the case in the plain irrigated areas of Uzbekistan where the groundwater is closer to the surface. Salinization processes occur as a result of an increase in the level of groundwater and the degree of their mineralization due to inefficient and irrational use of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. This leads to a decrease in the productivity of irrigated land and a decrease in yields throughout the country. Principally, salinization takes place in irrigated plain areas like the Syrdarya province, where mineralized groundwater is closer to the surface. Considering the geo-location of Uzbekistan as an aridic zone, there is a massive stress on groundwater because of surface water shortage. Since the estimation of the salinization consequences on groundwater is critical, this research, therefore, was aimed to understand and evaluate the long-term changing behavior of groundwater level and its mineralization in the irrigated areas of the Syrdarya province of Uzbekistan from 2000 to 2015 by using traditional methods, and GIS-based methods for from 2016 to 2019.The level and mineralization of groundwater in each administrative district of the province were for the first time studied and assessed. Consequently, the dependence of the groundwater level and its mineralization on soil conditions and climatic factors were determined. Based on the results of the study, agricultural specialists and farmers of the province were highly advocated to take the following measures considering the actual condition of groundwater mineralization in the irrigated areas of the Syrdarya province: (1) targeted and economical use of irrigation water; (2) ensuring that existing drainage networks are in an adequate working condition and can operate with full-efficiency; and (3) to conduct annual monitoring of groundwater table and its mineralization of irrigated lands using traditional and GIS technologies.

Non-Chernozem land: problems and ways of rational use

The results of scientifi c research on the state of agricultural land use in the subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of the European part of the country are considered in this article. The paper consists of data on distribution of currently unused arable land; the area of land plots in common shared ownership, the boundaries of which are not available in the Real Estate Cadastre; information about especially valuable productive agricultural land; economic prerequisites for the use of land by agricultural producers on the basis of lease or ownership, as well as changes over the past fi ve years in sown areas, the productivity of arable land in farms of all categories, data on the level of profi tability of agricultural organizations, unprofi table agricultural organizations etc.