Quality Assurance Applications Research Articles

The Scientific Preparation for Athletics Competition: It’s Personal and Social Impacts to The Masters Athletes in Asia

The research highlights the value and impact of a Philippines' state university accreditation and its quest for quality and excellence in education. The study assessed internal efficiency improvement in the university's vision, mission goals, objectives, faculty, curriculum and instruction, support to students, research, extension and community involvement, library, physical plant and facilities, and laboratories and administration. Accreditation reshaped the university's internal efficiency operation in ten areas. As a result, the university has undergone several transformations through AACCUP's accreditation of programs. Innumerable changes in its structure, policies, and operations have given way to an ambiance of novelty and innovation. The study also included the financial cost of accreditation. Though there are financial constraints towards this endeavor, the prestige and benefits it brings to the university far outweigh sacrifices and costs. Likewise, the faculty and student respondents revealed that accreditation was advantageous and contributory in upgrading university status. The accreditation task is daunting, but the reward is gratifying for the students and staff. The successful breakthroughs of the higher education institution, to a considerable extent, are attributed and a result of continuous accreditation. References AACCUP Accreditor’s Guide AACCUP Revised Instrument (2014), AACCUP Inc. and CA Mega Print Kis, V. (2005, August). Quality assurance in tertiary education: Current practices in OECD countries and a literature review on potential effects. OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/38006910.pdf DBM-CHED Joint Circular No 1 s.2016 - FY 2016 Levelling Instrument for SUCs and Guidelines For the Implementation There of Effective practices in accreditation: A guide for faculty (2015). Eaton, J.S. (2003, May). The Value of Accreditation: Four Pivotal Roles. Washington, DC Council for Higher Education Accreditation Eaton, J.S. (2010). Accreditation and the Federal Future of Higher Education. Academe, 96 (5), 35-37. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/257998818 Harvey, L. (2004). The power of accreditation: Views of academics. Journal of Higher Education Policy Management, 26(2). Hamdatu, M.M. (2013, April). Application of quality assurance & accreditation in the institutes of higher education in the Arab world (descriptive & analytical survey). American Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(4). Hou, A.Y. (2012, May 26). Mutual recognition of quality assurance decisions on higher education institutes in three regions: A lesson for Asia. Higher Education, 64. Rahnuma, N. (2020). Evolution of quality culture in an HEI: Critical insights from university staff in Bangladesh. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 32. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11092-019-09313-8 Varonis, E.M. (2014). Most courses are not born digital: An overview of the Quality Matters peer review process for online course design. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 31(4). Vlasceanu, L., Grunberg, L., and Parlea, D. (2007). Quality assurance and accreditation: A glossary of basic terms and definitions. Bucharest: UNESCO. Yuhertiana, I., Rochmoeljati, Dwiridotjahjono, J., Putra, P., Wibawani, S. (2020, January 1). The impact of Indonesia new higher education accreditation criteria implementation. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(3).

Measurement of Construction Materials Properties Using Wi-Fi and Convolutional Neural Networks

The process of identifying the physical properties of raw construction materials is vital in several industrial and quality assurance applications. Ideally, this process needs to be performed without damaging the sample and at low-cost, while obtaining high-accurate results. In this work, a novel non-destructive construction materials classification tool is proposed. The proposed method is based on passing Wi-Fi signals through the observed samples, then analyzing the Channel State Information (CSI) magnitude and phase components. The collected CSI data packets are pre-processed by performing an averaging operation. Then, the resulting data are divided into training and validation sets and used to train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Here, the trained CNN models are formulated either as classifiers or regression models, depending on the material under test. If the objective is to sort materials within specific classes, then the CNN is formulated as a classifier. Alternatively, if the goal is to estimate a continuously varying parameter in a material, then the CNN is formulated as a regression model. Furthermore, as per the collected data, the proposed method is used to identify the construction materials based on their thickness, water content value (moisture), and compaction. The obtained experimental results effectively demonstrate the potential and merits of the proposed method. Overall, the trained CNN models achieved a 100% validation accuracy and a low validation loss, which confirms that the method is valid and highly accurate.

Treatment of water from heavy metal by using electrochemical techniques

A matter of concern worldwide is the pollution of water by heavy-metal ions. These ions happen naturally, and additionally waste of industrial, waste of emitting radiation, spills of environmental and different waste. Quantification and detection of heavy metals, in addition to their control below certain permitted limits in air, soils, water and media of food, has become the main priority of numerous countries and international organizations because of the destructiveness of these elements. This review shows the water treatment using electrochemical techniques to remove different heavy-metal ions, biodegradability, and toxicity levels, including their advantages and disadvantages. Ion-selective electrodes are instruments used in potentiometric analysis. They have analytical applications in fields, for example, pharmaceutical analysis, environment analysis, and quality assurance in different fabrications.

RSC: Gel dosimetry as a tool for clinical implementation of image-guided radiotherapy

The implementation of new image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) treatment techniques requires the development of new quality assurance (QA) methods including geometric and dosimetric validation of the applied dose in 3D. Polymer gels (PG) provide a promising tool to perform such tests. However, to be used in a large variety of clinical applications, the PG must be flexibly applicable. In this work, we present a variety of phantoms used in clinical routine to perform both hardware and workflow tests in IGRT. This includes the validation of isocenter accuracy in magnetic resonance (MR)-guided RT (MRgRT) and end-to-end tests of online adaptive treatment techniques for inter- and intra-fraction motion management in IGRT. The phantoms are equipped with one or more PG containers of different materials including 3D printed containers to allow for 3D dosimetry in arbitrarily shaped structures. The proposed measurement techniques and phantoms provide a flexible application and show a clear benefit of PG for 3D dosimetry in combination with end-to-end tests in many clinical QA applications.

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENJAMINAN MUTU EKSTERNAL DI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU SABILUL HUDA

This study aimed to reveal in depth about the application of external quality assurance Sabilul Huda Integrated Islamic Primary School (SHIIPS). This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The technique of collecting data was triangulation. Data analysis was inductive in nature, external quality assurance in detail and accurately through the results of data derived from written data and documentation and oral interviews from related people. The results showed that the application of external quality assurance at SHIIPS can be categorized quite well, namely on graduate competency standards, curriculum content standards, process standards, educators and teaching staff standards, facilities and infrastructure standards, teaching unit management standards, education financing standards and grading standard

Solar photovoltaic (PV)‐driven active crop drying system for plantain (MUSA SPP): Design, development, and performance evaluation

AbstractA solar photovoltaic (PV)‐driven active crop drying system comprising a solar air heater, a three‐tray drying chamber and a data logger was designed and fabricated. Drying system is equipped with three DC fans of 18 W each, powered by 150 W mono‐crystalline, solar PV module, and 180 Ah deep cycle battery storage. Purpose‐built data logger constructed with a 60‐pin Arduino‐mega microcontroller and equipped with a digital dual‐display screen was used to acquire real‐time data on relative humidity and temperature at vital points in the drying system. Performance evaluation of the dryer was carried out while studying the drying characteristics of plantain chips at three thicknesses of 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5 cm. Drying characteristics were presented in graphs of moisture content (MCdb) versus time, moisture ratio (MR) versus time, and drying rate (DR) versus time for the different trays. Final moisture contents of the plantain chips were 10, 14, and 21% for the 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5 cm, respectively, in the three trays. The higher figures for the 1.0 and 1.5 cm levels of thickness are attributable to case hardening. Results showed that drying proceeded mainly in the falling rate period. Graphs of MR and DR showed that the drying process was more effective as the chips became thinner. Evaluation of 10 thin‐layer drying models carried out using the acquired data showed that the Wang and Singh model was the best suited for describing the drying characteristics of plantain.Practical applicationsThe results of the present work will be very useful to food processing companies producing Plantain chips for local consumption and export. A good knowledge of the best suited thin‐layer drying model will help to predict the MR (and hence MC) as a function of drying time. In this way, energy might be saved and product quality guaranteed. In addition to quality assurance applications, the effect of layer thickness on drying characteristic would be very useful in prescribing the optimal thickness of the chips being processed.

Refractive Light-Field Features for Curved Transparent Objects in Structure From Motion

Curved refractive objects are common in the human environment, and have a complex visual appearance that can cause robotic vision algorithms to fail. Light-field cameras allow us to address this challenge by capturing the view-dependent appearance of such objects in a single exposure. We propose a novel image feature for light fields that detects and describes the patterns of light refracted through curved transparent objects. We derive characteristic points based on these features allowing them to be used in place of conventional 2D features. Using our features, we demonstrate improved structure-from-motion performance in challenging scenes containing refractive objects, including quantitative evaluations that show improved camera pose estimates and 3D reconstructions. Additionally, our methods converge 15-35% more frequently than the state-of-the-art. Our method is a critical step towards allowing robots to operate around refractive objects, with applications in manufacturing, quality assurance, pick-and-place, and domestic robots working with acrylic, glass and other transparent materials.

Study on the Implementation of Quality Assurance Aspect on High-Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR)

High-Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) Power Reactors have a layered safety system with the concept of a double barrier system. However, quality assurance is required to ensure the fulfillment of technological analysis weightings on power chamber materials, power ratings, fabrication components of High- Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) fuel elements, primary and secondary coolant pressures to meet customer requirements and be carried out continuously systematic and objective. This study analyzes the application of quality assurance, safety, security, the correctness of test/calibration results, increasing competitiveness, consumer protection and building trust (brand image) in the use of HTGR reactors to provide a reliable level of safety and security. The study method used is based on the literature review. The output of this study is the document of the HTGR reactor quality assurance systems to fulfill the IAEA-TECDOC-1645 requirements according to safety and standardization in frameworks design, material, fuel, and physical properties of the quality management systems. HTGR reactor has technical qualification, good performance of HTGR fuel, safety and accident analysis source term analysis, control of multi-modular HTGR and related human factor analysis, also optimizing radiation protection of HTGR

The Extent of Applying Quality Assurance and Program Accreditation Standards from Students’ Perspective in the Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences – Tobruk University

The study aimed to investigate to what extent quality assurance and program accreditation standards are applied from students’ perspective in the accounting program at the Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences at the University of Tobruk in accordance with the standards of the National Center for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Educational and Training Institutions. The study used the descriptive and analytical method based on the evaluation form issued by the National Center for the undergraduate programs. The survey forms were distributed to the entire study population of 36 male and female students. Major study findings revealed that quality assurance and program accreditation standards regarding the evaluation aspects of the university study program (educational program, faculty members, educational support services, student affairs, facilities, quality assurance and continuous improvement) are not applied in the accounting program. The study recommended the need to pay attention to quality assurance standards in all items and themes.

The Extent of Applying Quality Assurance and Program Accreditation Standards from Students’ Perspective in the Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences – Tobruk University

The study aimed to investigate to what extent quality assurance and program accreditation standards are applied from students’ perspective in the accounting program at the Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences at the University of Tobruk in accordance with the standards of the National Center for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Educational and Training Institutions. The study used the descriptive and analytical method based on the evaluation form issued by the National Center for the undergraduate programs. The survey forms were distributed to the entire study population of 36 male and female students. Major study findings revealed that quality assurance and program accreditation standards regarding the evaluation aspects of the university study program (educational program, faculty members, educational support services, student affairs, facilities, quality assurance and continuous improvement) are not applied in the accounting program. The study recommended the need to pay attention to quality assurance standards in all items and themes.

Development of structured light 3D-scanner with high spatial resolution and its applications for additive manufacturing quality assurance

Digital three-dimensional (3D) scanning is a cutting-edge metrology method that can digitally reconstruct surface topography with high precision and accuracy. Such metrology can help traditional manufacturing processes evolve into a smart manufacturing paradigm, which can ensure product quality by automated sensing and control. However, due to limitations with the spatial resolution, scanning speed, and size of the focusing area, commercially available systems cannot be directly used for in-process monitoring in smart manufacturing. For example, a metal 3D printer requires a scanner with second-level sensing, micron-level spatial resolution, and a centimeter-scale scanning region. Among the 3D scanning technologies, structured light 3D scanning can meet the scanning speed criteria but not the spatial resolution and scanning region criteria. This work addresses these challenges by reducing the field of view of a structured light scanner system while increasing the image sensor pixel resolution. Improvements to spatial resolution and accuracy are achieved by establishing hardware selection criteria, integrating the proper hardware, designing a scale-appropriate calibration target, and developing noise reduction procedures during calibration. An additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V part was used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed 3D scanner. The scanning result shows that both melt pool geometry and overall shape can be clearly captured. In the end, the scanning accuracies of the proposed scanner and a professional-grade commercial scanner are validated with a nanometer-level accuracy white light interferometer using high-density point cloud data. Compared to the commercial scanner, the proposed scanner improves the spatial resolution from 48 to 5 μm and the accuracy from 108.5 to 0.5 μm. Compared to the white light interferometer, the proposed scanner improves the scanning and processing speed from 2 to 20 s.

Investigation of single-shot beam quality measurements using state of the art solid-state dosimeters for routine quality assurance applications in mammography

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Purpose</h3> To assess if single shot acquisitions with solid-state dosimeters as well as Robson's method could replace ionization chambers for tube output and HVL measurements, saving medical physicists time. <h3>Material and methods</h3> The energy responses of 4 solid-state dosimeters with automatic calculation of HVL were compared to ionization chamber measurements. Five anode/filter combinations were tested: Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, Rh/Rh, W/Rh and W/Ag, from 24kVp to 35kVp. Tube output was measured free in air. HVL was measured using the solid-state dosimeters (single-shot acquisition), then manually with aluminum sheets and finally using the parametrization method of Robson. <h3>Results</h3> Deviations in tube output and HVL related to energy response in SSD were small in the 25–32 kVp range, and for tube output typically within 3%. Extrapolation using the Robson parametrization was within 5%, except for one device and for all W/Rh. Deviations of the HVL using the single shot approach were within 10% of the gold standard data. Larger deviations were found at the extreme tube voltages of 24kVp and 35kVp (maximum of 24%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> With the assumption that deviations in tube output of 5% and for HVL of 10% are acceptable, all tested solid state dosimeters met this criterion in the tube voltage range of 26kVp to 32kVp. Robson's method worked well for the spectra for which the method was developed, making both alternative approaches trustworthy for routine quality assurance purposes.

MODEL-Based Performance Quality Assessment for IoT Applications

&lt;p class="0abstractCxSpFirst"&gt;The number of applications incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) concepts increases extraordinarily. This increase cannot continue without high-quality assurance. There are some difficulties in testing IoT applications; the system heterogeneity, test cost and time are taken to test the system, and the precision percentage of test results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="0abstractCxSpLast"&gt;A well-known and possibly the best solution to overcoming these difficulties is to model the system for evaluation purposes, known as model-based testing (MBT). This paper aims to design a model-based testing approach to assess IoT applications performance quality attributes. The ISO 25000 quality model is used as a standard for software quality assurance applications. IoTMaaS is used as a case study to implement the methodological approach. The possible test cases were generated using the ACTS combinatorial test generation tool. The performance metrics of each test case were monitored until the optimum test case was identified, with the shortest response time and the least amount of resources used. The proposed testing method appears to be successful, according to the results.&lt;/p&gt;

A novel method to determine linac mechanical isocenter position and size and examples of specific QA applications.

The most important geometric characteristic of stereotactic treatment is the accuracy of positioning the target at the treatment isocenter and the accuracy of directing the radiation beam at the treatment isocenter. Commonly, the radiation isocenter is used as the reference for the treatment isocenter, but its method of localization is not strictly defined, and it depends on the linac‐specific beam steering parameters. A novel method is presented for determining the linac mechanical isocenter position and size based on the localization of the collimator axis of rotation at arbitrary gantry angle. The collimator axis of rotation position is determined from the radiation beam center position corrected for the focal spot offset. The focal spot offset is determined using the image center shift method with a custom‐design rigid phantom with two sets of ball‐bearings. Three specific quality assurance (QA) applications and assessment methods are also presented to demonstrate the functionality of linac mechanical isocenter position and size determination in clinical practice. The first is a mechanical and radiation isocenters coincidence test suitable for quick congruence assessment of these two isocenters for a selected energy, usually required after a nonroutine linac repair and/or energy adjustment. The second is a stereotactic beam isocentricity assessment suitable for pretreatment stereotactic QA. The third is a comprehensive linac geometrical performance test suitable for routine linac QA. The uncertainties of the method for determining mechanical isocenter position and size were measured to be 0.05 mm and 0.04 mm, respectively, using four available photon energies, and were significantly smaller than those of determining the radiation isocenter position and size, which were 0.36 mm and 0.12 mm respectively. It is therefore recommended that the mechanical isocenter position and size be used as the reference linac treatment isocenter and a linac mechanical characteristic parameter respectively.

A 3D cine-MRI acquisition technique and image analysis framework to quantify bowel motion demonstrated in gynecological cancer patients.

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in radiation oncology for target delineation and radiotherapy treatment planning, for example, in patients with gynecological cancers. As a consequence of pelvic radiotherapy, a part of the bowel is irradiated, yielding risk of bowel toxicity. Existing dose‐effect models predicting bowel toxicity are inconclusive and bowel motion might be an important confounding factor. The exact motion of the bowel and dosimetric effects of its motion are yet uncharted territories in radiotherapy. In diagnostic radiology methods on the acquisition of dynamic MRI sequences were developed for bowel motility visualization and quantification. Our study aim was to develop an imaging technique based on three‐dimensional (3D) cine‐MRI to visualize and quantify bowel motion and demonstrate it in a cohort of gynecological cancer patients.MethodsWe developed an MRI acquisition suitable for 3D bowel motion quantification, namely a balanced turbo field echo sequence (TE = 1.39 ms, TR = 2.8 ms), acquiring images in 3.7 s (dynamic) with a 1.25 × 1.25 × 2.5 mm3 resolution, yielding a field of view of 200 × 200 × 125 mm3. These MRI bowel motion sequences were acquired in 22 gynecological patients. During a 10‐min scan, 160 dynamics were acquired. Subsequent dynamics were deformably registered using a B‐spline transformation model, resulting in 159 3D deformation vector fields (DVFs) per MRI set. From the 159 DVFs, the average vector length was calculated per voxel to generate bowel motion maps. Quality assurance was performed on all 159 DVFs per MRI, using the Jacobian Determinant and the Harmonic Energy as deformable image registration error metrics. In order to quantify bowel motion, we introduced the concept of cumulative motion–volume histogram (MVH) of the bowel bag volume. Finally, interpatient variation of bowel motion was analyzed using the MVH parameters M10%, M50%, and M90%. The M10%/M50%/M90% represents the minimum bowel motion per frame of 10%/50%/90% of the bowel bag volume.ResultsThe motion maps resulted in a visualization of areas with small and large movements within the bowel bag. After applying quality assurance, the M10%, M50%, and M90% were 4.4 (range 2.2–7.6) mm, 2.2 (range 0.9–4.1) mm, and 0.5 (range 0.2–1.4) mm per frame, on average over all patients, respectively.ConclusionWe have developed a method to visualize and quantify 3D bowel motion with the use of bowel motion specific MRI sequences in 22 gynecological cancer patients. This 3D cine‐MRI‐based quantification tool and the concept of MVHs can be used in further studies to determine the effect of radiotherapy on bowel motion and to find the relation with dose effects to the small bowel. In addition, the developed technique can be a very interesting application for bowel motility assessment in diagnostic radiology.

Comparison of Hyperspectral Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine Nitrogen and Carbon Concentrations in Wheat

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging rapid and non-destructive technology that has promising application within feed mills and processing plants in poultry and other intensive animal industries. HSI may be advantageous over near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as it scans entire samples, which enables compositional gradients and sample heterogenicity to be visualised and analysed. This study was a preliminary investigation to compare the performance of HSI with that of NIRS for quality measurements of ground samples of Australian wheat and to identify the most important spectral regions for predicting carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations. In total, 69 samples were scanned using an NIRS (400–2500 nm), and two HSI cameras operated in 400–1000 nm (VNIR) and 1000–2500 nm (SWIR) spectral regions. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were used to correlate C and N concentrations of 63 calibration samples with their spectral reflectance, with 6 additional samples used for testing the models. The accuracy of the HSI predictions (full spectra) were similar or slightly higher than those of NIRS (NIRS Rc2 for C = 0.90 and N = 0.96 vs. HSI Rc2 for C (VNIR) = 0.97 and N (SWIR) = 0.97). The most important spectral region for C prediction identified using HSI reflectance was 400–550 nm with R2 of 0.93 and RMSE of 0.17% in the calibration set and R2 of 0.86, RMSE of 0.21% and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 2.03 in the test set. The most important spectral regions for predicting N concentrations in the feed samples included 1451–1600 nm, 1901–2050 nm and 2051–2200 nm, providing prediction with R2 ranging from 0.91 to 0.93, RMSE ranging from 0.06% to 0.07% in the calibration sets, R2 from 0.96 to 0.99, RMSE of 0.06% and RPD from 3.47 to 3.92 in the test sets. The prediction accuracy of HSI and NIRS were comparable possibly due to the larger statistical population (larger number of pixels) that HSI provided, despite the fact that HSI had smaller spectral range compared with that of NIRS. In addition, HSI enabled visualising the variability of C and N in the samples. Therefore, HSI is advantageous compared to NIRS as it is a multifunctional tool that poses many potential applications in data collection and quality assurance within feed mills and poultry processing plants. The ability to more accurately measure and visualise the properties of feed ingredients has potential economic benefits and therefore additional investigation and development of HSI in this application is warranted.

Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds: quantitative analysis using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector

The nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds found in the petrochemical industry are varied and extend beyond classes such as the anilines, pyrroles and pyridines. Quantification of these nitrogen-containing compounds that may occur in complex mixtures has practical application for quality assurance, process development and the evaluation of conversion processes. Selective detection of nitrogen-containing species in complex mixtures is possible by making use of gas chromatography coupled with a nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD), which is also called a thermionic detector. Despite the linearity of the NPD response to individual nitrogen-containing compounds, the response factor is different for different compounds and even isomers of the same species. Quantitative analysis using an NPD requires species-specific calibration. The reason for the sensitivity of the NPD to structure is related to the ease of forming the cyano-radical that is ionized to the cyanide anion, which is detected. The operation of the NPD was related to the processes of pyrolysis and subsequent ionization. It was possible to offer plausible explanations for differences in response factors for isomers based on pyrolysis chemistry. Due to this relationship, the NPD response can in the same way be used to provide information of practical relevance beyond its analytical value and a few possible applications were outlined.

A novel luminol chemiluminescence induced by photoexcited ketones: A selective determination method for acetone in wastewater

It has been recently confirmed that photoexcited ketones such as acetone promote the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol and its analog, L-012. Using this finding, a selective determination method for acetone was developed herein based on HPLC separation, online UV irradiation, and subsequent luminol CL detection. Various conditions, including the type of luminol reagent, the use of organic solvents as eluent modifiers, and the reaction pH, were investigated to elucidate the CL reaction mechanism. The results showed that the CL reaction of luminol is caused by an acetone ketyl radical produced from the photoexcited acetone. The performance of the novel acetone determination method was evaluated by its application in water quality assurance in water treatment plants. The method detection limit and the method quantification limit of acetone were 0.03 and 0.08 µM, respectively. A linear range was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1–200 µM. The range of recovery in the wastewater and seawater samples (n = 5) fortified with 5.0 µM acetone was 87–108%. These results demonstrate that the new luminol CL system is useful for its sensitivity and selectivity.

ICT Enabled TVET Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Economies of the world and workforce level of skills are changing rapidly. Industrial revaluations and knowledge economies have raised the demand for a knowledgeable and digitally equipped skilled workforce. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is an educational stream that provides vocational skills to youth and produces a skilled workforce for the industry. The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the TVET pedagogy, training delivery, teachers training, curriculum, and labs is need of the day to meet current era challenges. In the TVET education training cycle, the level of ICT enablement is required to be reviewed. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) evaluates literature for innovation of ICT in TVET education for the last ten years. This study aims to identify and present ICT-based technology innovations, research, and applications used in TVET training cycle system components/functional areas to identify gaps for future research directions/agenda. This gap identification will help (i) TVET training institutes to upgrade their teachers, curriculum, labs and, equipment, (ii) policymakers to devise technology-oriented skilled workforce development policies, (iii) to provide guidelines to industry, researchers, and academics to focus on gaps to address future challenges of workforce development. Based on the search string, we found 2,445 relevant documents and after applying quality assurance and inclusion/exclusion criteria, finally, 134 documents were selected for the study and analyzed. The result of this systematic literature review identifies that ICT technologies and application dispersion into TVET training cycle system components/functional areas is very low particularly in monitoring and evaluation, career guidance and job placement, trainee's assessment, and teacher's training. TVET Technology index suggests that much focus is needed on IoT, Robotics, Data Science, Artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and other similar technology induction to all TVET training.

Prediction of Moisture and Caffeine Contents of the Roasted Coffee Beans (Coffea liberica Hiern) using NIRS and PLSR-MLR Models

Near-infrared spectroscopy was assessed for the prediction of moisture content (MC) and caffeine content (CC) of ground “Barako” roasted coffee. Individual models were developed using a chemometric analysis of the NIR spectra (900-1700 nm). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) cross-validation and validation results showed that the MC models could be used for at least quality assurance applications. However, the CC model for PLSR cross validation can only be used for rough screening and approximate calibration applications due to low RPD (2.000) and R2 (0.755) values. The results for the validation models of CC obtained lower RPD (0.220) and R2(0.136) that it did not pass for any use or application. The results of the PLSR modeling identified significant wavelengths based on the regression coefficient and variable importance of projection. These wavelengths were used to develop multiple linear regression (MLR) models. MC model, with 3 wavelengths, was suitable for most research applications with an RPD = 2.600 and R2 = 0.851. CC model, with 8 wavelengths, did not pass for any use or application due to poor predictive performance (RPD = 1.378, R2 = 0.471). The results showed that only the MC models can be used for quality assessment of roasted coffee.