Antioxidant System In Rats Research Articles

Gallic Acid Alleviates Methotrexate‐Induced Oxidative Ovarian Damage in Rats

Although methotrexate (MTX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer, its use is limited due to the occurrence of systemic tissue toxicity, including those affecting the reproductive system. Gallic acid (GAL) is a phenolic compound that has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in a number of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress (OS) in recent years. This study was designed to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of GAL in the treatment of MTX-induced ovarian damage, for the first time. Adult female rats (n=30) were randomly allocated to five groups: control, MTX, MTX+GAL (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and high-dose GAL only (5 mg/kg). A single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (20 mg/kg) was administered to induce ovarian toxicity. The treatment groups were administered 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of GAL intraperitoneally for a period of three consecutive days. The levels of OS, inflammation and apoptosis were determined in ovarian tissue samples collected on the fifth day of the study using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that GAL treatment reduced the level of ovarian lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis and promoted the ovarian antioxidant system in rats subjected to MTX. The results of this study indicate that GAL may have the potential to ameliorate MTX-associated oxidative and inflammatory ovarian damage. The ovarian protective effect of GAL requires further confirmation through more extensive preclinical studies.

The effect of dental gel with IL-1β antagonist on indicators of nitrosative stress and antioxidant system in rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis

The effect of dental gel with IL-1β antagonist on indicators of nitrosative stress and antioxidant system in rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis

The Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Methotrexate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Lung Tissue of Rats

Although methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, lung toxicity remains a significant problem, limiting its use. The molecular mechanism of MTX-related lung toxicity is not fully understood. However, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation play an important role in lung injury. Chlorogenic acid (CHA) is a natural phenolic compound that has been shown in recent years to have beneficial effects in many pathologies associated with OS and inflammation. This study focused on investigating for the first time, the potential therapeutic effects of CHA in the lung tissue of rats exposed to MTX. After lung toxicity was induced in rats by MTX (20 mg/kg) injection on the first day, two different doses of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) were used for treatment for 3 days. The results showed that CHA treatment reduced the level of pulmonary lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis and promoted the pulmonary antioxidant system in rats subjected to MTX. Taken together, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of CHA may play a central role in attenuating MTX-induced lung injury, but the exact mechanism needs to be investigated in more extensive preclinical studies.

MiR-128-3p is involved in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment by regulating the Sirt1-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway

Aluminum (Al) is a common neurotoxicant in the environment, but the molecular mechanism of its toxic effects is still unclear. Studies have shown that aluminum exposure causes an increase in neuronal apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism and signaling pathway of neuronal apoptosis induced by aluminum exposure. The rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of maltol aluminum for 90 days. The results showed that the escape latency of the three groups exposed to maltol aluminum was higher than that of the control group on the 3rd, 4th and 5th days of the positioning cruise experiment (P < 0.05). On the 6th day of the space exploration experiment, compared with the control group(6.00 ± 0.71,15.33 ± 1.08) and the low-dose group(5.08 ± 1.69,13.67 ± 1.09), the number of times that the high-dose group crossed the platform(2.25 ± 0.76) and the platform quadrant(7.58 ± 1.43) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The relative expression levels of Sirt1 and Nrf2 in hippocampal tissues of all groups decreased gradually with increasing maltol aluminum exposure dose the relative expression levels of Sirt1 and Nrf2 in high-dose group (0.261 ± 0.094,0.325 ± 0.108) were significantly lower than those in control group (1.018 ± 0.222,1.009 ± 0.156)(P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Keap1 increased gradually with increasing maltol aluminum exposure dose (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of miR-128–3p in the high-dose group(1.520 ± 0.280) was significantly higher than that in the control group(1.000 ± 0.420) (P < 0.05). The content of GSH-Px in the hippocampus of rats decreased with increasing dose. ROS levels gradually increased. We speculated that subchronic aluminum exposure may lead to the activation of miR-128–3p in rat hippocampus of rats, thereby inhibiting the Sirt1-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway so that the Sirt1-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway could not be activated to exert antioxidant capacity, resulting in an imbalance in the antioxidant system of rats and the apoptosis of neurons, which caused reduced cognitive impairment in rats.

Determination of the status of the antioxidant system in rats after implantation of polypropylene surgical mesh with a coating based on tantalum and its derivatives

For the past 10 years, specialists in hernioplasty have noted that there is a problem with the occurrence of an adhesion process after the implantation of surgical meshes. In the future, tantalum-based coatings may become an inhibitor of the development of adhesion and inflammatory processes after surgical mesh implantation. The aim of our study was to determine the state of the antioxidant system by the activity of superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase in the blood of rats after implantation of surgical meshes coated on the basis of tantalum, tantalum oxide and tantalum nitride. After acclimatization, which lasted 21 days, the experimental animals were divided into 6 groups by random sampling: the first (intact) group included 6 rats. The second group included 6 rats that underwent surgery, but without implementation of a surgical mesh. The third group included 7 rats with an implanted surgical mesh coated with tantalum. The fourth group included 7 rats with an implanted surgical mesh covered with tantalum oxide. The fifth group includes 7 rats with an implanted surgical mesh covered with tantalum nitride. The sixth group included 7 rats with an implanted surgical mesh without a coating. To achieve the goal, 40 laboratory rats were implanted with surgical meshes between the abdominal wall and various sections of the large intestine. After 28 days, the activity of SuperOxide Dismutase 1 (SOD 1) and catalase was determined in the blood of the animals. SOD 1 activity was statistically 126.3% higher, and catalase activity was 92.5% higher in the experimental group with surgical mesh without coating. SOD 1 activity was 126.6% higher and catalase activity was 100.0% higher in the experimental group with tantalum nitride coated surgical mesh. In the groups implanted with polypropylene surgical meshes coated with tantalum and tantalum oxide, the activity of SOD 1 was higher by 86.2% and 97.1%, respectively, and the activity of catalase was higher by 70.3% and 67.6%, respectively. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that coatings made of tantalum and tantalum oxide demonstrate high biocompatibility in comparison with the results of a group of experimental animals that were implanted with a surgical mesh without a coating. The use of tantalum and tantalum oxide coatings provides a protective effect of the implant against oxidative damage, which indicates their potential to improve the effectiveness of the use of surgical meshes. Keywords: tantalum oxide, superoxide dismutase 1, catalase.

Effect of maitake mushrooms thick extract on the state of antioxidant system in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis

Colorectal cancer is a dangerous oncological disease that requires serious complex treatment. This type of oncopathology occurs due to atypical growth of the epithelium of the mucous layer that lines the intestinal walls. Colon cancer is characterized by slow development, so prevention and timely diagnosis are a priority.&#x0D; The main advantage of using oncoprotectors based on natural raw materials in clinical practice is their low toxicity and the possibility of long-term use without significant side effects. That is why the development and study of such drugs are relevant.&#x0D; The aim of the research was to study indicators of oxidative processes and antioxidant systems in rats with chemically induced colon carcinogenesis against the background of maitake mushrooms thick extract use.&#x0D; The study was performed on 120 white male rats weighing 190–210 g. Adenocarcinoma of the colon was modeled by administering 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) hydrochloride for 30 weeks (1 time per week). A thick extract from maitake mushrooms was administered intragastrically daily at a dose of 150 mg/kg of animal body weight. Blood and liver samples were taken for research monthly. The state of the pro- and antioxidant systems was studied by the content of oxidative modification of proteins products neutral and alkaline character, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, contents of reduced glutathione and ceruloplasmin.&#x0D; It was found that DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats is accompanied by an increase in the activity of free radical oxidation processes. It is evidenced by a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, a significant reduction in the content of reduced glutathione, an increase in the content of ceruloplasmin and products of oxidative modification of proteins in the blood serum and liver of animals. The effectiveness of maitake mushrooms thick extract and its positive influence on the activity of the studied enzymes and the content of OMP products in investigated tissues was experimentally proved.&#x0D; The use of maitake mushrooms thick extract under conditions of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats led to the normalization of antioxidant protection indicators and a significant decrease in the indicators of oxidative modification of proteins, which testifies to the suppression of oxidative stress in animals with an oncological process.

ALTERATIONS OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES DURING ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Our study aimed to assess the activity of the blood antioxidant system in the animal model of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.Diabetes in rats was induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneally injection of freshly prepared 12% aqueous alloxan solution ( 200 mg/kg). The glucose level was measured after 1, 2, 3, 10, 15, and 30 days from alloxan administration. The study included only those rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl on the 2nd day after alloxan administration.We investigated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) in the blood serum.The results of the studies show that the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems in rats' blood sharply increased during the first 3 days after injection of alloxan. That may be due to the compensatory reaction of the body in response to alloxan-induced oxidative stress. Afterwards, the activity of SOD and Cat decreased, which may be due to the utilization of antioxidant proteins in the detoxification process of ROSs, their glycation and decreased level of the protein synthesis in the body at the intensive hyperglycemia and oxidative stress conditions.

The state of pro- and antioxidant systems in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of extracorporeal detoxification

Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this research was to study the indices of pro- and antioxidant systems in rats with dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of the enterosorbent AUT-M use. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 70 white male rats weighing 200–250 g. Adenocarcinoma of the colon was simulated by subcutaneous injection of the DMH (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Japan) at a dose of 7.2 mg/kg once a week during 7 months. Enterosorbent AUT-M was administered intragastrically daily for 21 days after simulation of carcinogenesis at a dose of 1 ml of suspension per 100 g of animal body weight. The state of the pro- and antioxidant systems was studied by the content of oxidative modification of proteins products (OMP), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), contents of ceruloplasmin (CP) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: It was found that DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats is accompanied by disorders in the antioxidant defense system and activation of free radical oxidation processes. Enterosorbent AUT-M provides a significant reduction in the content of OMP370 and OMP430 in both blood serum and liver homogenate of rats. Moreover, the use of enterosorbent AUT-M demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, content of GSH and a decrease in CP content in investigated tissues. Conclusion: The use of enterosorbent AUT-М demonstrated prominent potential suppression for oxidative stress and positive effect on antioxidant defense system in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis.

Functioning of the Antioxidant Defense System in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease.

A comprehensive study of the functioning of antioxidant system in rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism was conducted. The development of pathology led to inhibition of the majority of the studied antioxidant enzymes in the brain and blood serum of animals, which can be associated with decompensation of oxidative stress under conditions of prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes apparently make an important contribution into neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex and striatum and motor disorders in experimental animals.

Effects of methylprednisolone alone and combined with erythropoietin on the antioxidant system in rats with induced acute spinal cord injury

Effects of methylprednisolone alone and combined with erythropoietin on the antioxidant system in rats with induced acute spinal cord injury

Melatonin ameliorates degenerative alterations caused by age in the rat prostate and mitigates high-fat diet damages.

Imbalance of sexual steroids milieu and oxidative stress are often observed during aging and correlated to prostate disorders. Likewise, high-fat intake has been related to prostate damage and tumor development. Melatonin (MLT) is an antioxidant whose secretion decreases in elderly and is also suggested to protect the gland. This study evaluated the impact of a long-term high-fat diet during aging on prostate morphology and antioxidant system of rats and tested the effects of MLT supplementation under these conditions. Male rats were assigned into four groups: control, treated with MLT, high-fat diet and high-fat diet treated with MLT. The high-fat diet was provided from the 24th week of age, MLT from the 48th (100 μg/kg/day) and rats were euthanized at the 62nd week. The high-fat diet increased body weight, retroperitoneal fatness, glycaemia, and circulating estrogen levels. It aggravated the aging effects, leading to epithelial atrophy (∼32% reduction of epithelial height) and collagen fibers increase (83%). MLT alone did not alter biometric and physiological parameters, except for the prostate weight decrease, whereas it alleviated biometric as well as ameliorated acinar atrophy induced by high-lipid intake. Systemic oxidative stress increased, and prostatic glutathione peroxidase activity decreased fivefold with the high-fat diet despite the indole. Regardless of the diet, MLT triggered epithelial desquamation, reduced androgen receptor-positive cells, increased smooth muscle layer thickness (12%), decreased at least 50% corpora amylacea formation, and stimulated prostatic gluthatione-S-transferase activity. In conclusion, MLT partially recovered prostate damage induced by aging and the long-term high-fat diet and ameliorated degenerative prostate alterations.

Comparative effectiveness of reamberin and cytoflavin in correction of lipid peroxidation processes induced by ultraviolet radiation

Introduction. The study of the possibility of correct free radical lipid oxidation of membranes in conditions of ultraviolet radiation by the introduction of succinate-containing drugs is of interest, since the search for antioxidant agents is an important area of research in experimental and clinical pharmacology. Aim. Evaluation of the comparative effectiveness of Reamberin and Cytoflavin (Scientific and technological pharmaceutical company “Polysan”, St.Petersburg) to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ organism membranes induced by ultraviolet radiation. Materials and methods. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: intact animals (1) which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group (2) in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group (3) in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate (20 mL/kg); the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the Cytoflavin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate (1 mL/kg). Results. It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 48-53%), of diene conjugate (by 43-48%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 48-61%) in the setting of the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the succinate-containing drugs to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the increase of the duration of rats swimming by 11-28% in 7 days of the experiment. The introduction of the succinate containing Reamberin to rats contributes to the decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 16-22%, of diene conjugates - by 16-20%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 15-20% in comparison with the rats of the control group. The introduction of the succinate containing Cytoflavin to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 23-25%, of diene conjugates - by 23-25%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 24-27% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the succinate containing drugs on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 26-37%, of vitamin E by 25-34%, of catalase by 18-47% in comparison with the same parameters of the rats of the control group. Conclusion. The application of the succinate containing antioxidants in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation of the organism of animals under experiment leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of physical endurance of rats. The intraabdominal introduction in laboratory animals of the Cytoflavin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate prevents the accumulation of lipoperoxidation products and increases the activity of main components of the antioxidant system in rats’ blood plasma, which indirectly exceeds similar effect of the Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation.

Стан антиоксидантної системи у щурів за умов диметилгідразин-індукованого канцерогенезу та застосування цитостатичної терапії

Стан антиоксидантної системи у щурів за умов диметилгідразин-індукованого канцерогенезу та застосування цитостатичної терапії

Вплив добавки гумінової природи на антиоксидантну систему щурів, уражених шестивалентним хромом

Вплив добавки гумінової природи на антиоксидантну систему щурів, уражених шестивалентним хромом

Changes of lipid peroxide oxidation indices and antioxidant system in rats’ internal organs under the influence of cardiotoxic dose of adrenalin

The aim of the research study is to investigate changes of lipid peroxide oxidation (PLO) indices and antioxidant system (AOS) of rats’ heart, liver and brain during the administration of adrenalin cardiotoxic dose.Material and methods. Experiments were carried out on white non-pedigreed male-rats weighing 180–220 grams of two groups: control and pilot — with adrenalin affection (in ten rats). Adrenalin affection was caused by intramuscular injection of 0,18% adrenalin hydrotartrate solution (1mg/kg of mass).The investigation was carried out in an hour after adrenalin injection. Concentrations of diene conjugate (DC), malonic aldehyde (MA), vitamin E, thiol groups, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in rats’ heart, liver and brain. Statistical processing of digital data was performed by means of ”Excel” (“Microsoft”, USA) and “STATISTICA” 6.0 (“Statsoft”, USA). Adequacy of value variations between independent quantities was determined by Student criterion.Results. In control group of animals the highest activity of PLO and AOS was observed in the liver, the lowest was in the heart. Concentrations of MA and vitamin E were the highest in the liver homogenate. SOD activity was the smallest in the heart. The content of thiol groups was larger in the liver homogenate in comparison with results in the heart. DC, SH groups were increased in the heart in an hour after adrenalin injection. DC, MA, SS groups were increased in the liver but the content of vitamin E was decreased. Concentrations of DC, MA, thiol groups, SOD activity were increased in the brain but vitamin E concentration was decreased. DC and MA content, thiol groups, SOD concentration were the lowest in homogenate of the heart. The highest content of vitamin E was in the liver. The following correlations were discovered after adrenalin injection: concentration of vitamin E between the liver and heart (r=-0,82; р<0,05), between the liver and brain (r=0,75; р<0,05); in the liver: between DC and MA concentrations (r=0,97; р<0,001), DC and vitamin E (r=0,95; р<0,002), MA and vitamin E (r=0,97; р<0,001), DC and SS groups (r=0,84; р<0,02), vitamin E and disulfide groups (r=0,92; р<0,01); in the heart: between MA and DC concentrations (r=0,91; р<0,01), MA and vitamin E (r=0,96; р<0,001), MA and SH groups (r=0,78; р<0,05), DC and vitamin E (r=0,84; р<0,02), vitamin E and SH groups (r=0,86; р<0,02); in the brain between MA and vitamin E concentrations (r=0,90; р<0,01). Conclusions. 1. In intact animals the course of PLO processes and its intensity is higher in the liver and brain but the least is in the heart. 2. Activation of PLO processes is observed in an hour after the injection of adrenalin cardiotoxic dose. Maximal protection against lipid peroxide oxidation products is observed in the heart and is implemented due to vitamin E and hydrosulfide groups. It occurs in animals due to re-distribution of vitamin E content from the liver to the heart. The content of thiol groups is increased in the brain and SOD is activated.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЯНТАРНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И РЕАМБЕРИНА ПРИ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОМ СТРЕССЕ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

The search and development of methods for correction of oxidative stress in conditions of exposure to adverse environmental factors is an actual problem of modern medicine. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ organism membranes was studied with the introduction of the succinic acid and of the succinate containing medication called Reamberin (Polysan, St. Petersburg). The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: the group with intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the succinic acid in a dose of 100 mg/kg; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg (20 ml/kg). It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 48-53%), of diene conjugate (by 43-48%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 48-61%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the succinic acid to rats contributes to the significant decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 15-16%, of diene conjugates by 9-16%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 15% in comparison with the rats of the control group. The introduction of the succinate containing Reamberin to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the significant decrease of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood by 27-28%, of diene conjugates by 23-28%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 26-29% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the succinate containing drugs on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 25-32%, of vitamin E by 28-33% in comparison with the rats of the control group. So, the application of the succinate containing antioxidants in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation under experiment leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity. The intraabdominal introduction in laboratory animals of Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate prevents the accumulation of lipoperoxidation products and increases the activity of main components of the antioxidant system in rats’ blood plasma, which indirectly exceeds similar effect of succinic acid in a dose of 100 mg/kg in the conditions of oxidative stress.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕНЗИМНОЇ ЛАНКИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВИ ДІЇ ТЮТЮНОВОГО ДИМУ НА ТЛІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАТРІЙ ГЛУТАМАТУ В СТАТЕВОМУ І ВІКОВОМУ АСПЕКТАХ

Вступ. Значна розповсюдженість тютюнокуріння – глобальна проблема людства, на вирішення якої спрямовані зусилля багатьох учених і фахівців. Водночас відмітною особливістю сучасних харчових технологій є використання харчових добавок. До найпоширеніших харчових добавок як в Україні, так і в Європі належить натрій глутамат (Е621), який не завжди безпечний для здоров’я людини.&#x0D; Мета дослідження – вивчити стан ензимної ланки антиоксидантної системи в щурів за умови дії тютюнового диму на тлі застосування натрій глутамату в статевому і віковому аспектах.&#x0D; Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 96 білих нелінійних статевозрілих і статевонезрілих щурах обох статей. Кожну групу тварин було поділено на 4 підгрупи: 1-ша – контроль; 2-га – щури, яким моделювали “пасивне тютюнокуріння”; 3-тя – щури, яким вводили натрій глутамат; 4-та – щури, яким моделювали “пасивне тютюнокуріння” на тлі введення натрій глутамату.&#x0D; Результати й обговорення. Надмірне утворення продуктів вільнорадикального окиснення за умови ізольованої дії тютюнового диму викликало виснаження антиоксидантного потенціалу крові та тканин легень, що проявлялося достовірним зменшенням супероксиддисмутазної активності в гемолізатах еритроцитів на 28,8 % відносно контрольної групи, а в супернатанті гомогенату легень – на 53,1 % (р&lt;0,001) відповідно. “Пасивне тютюнокуріння” на тлі застосування натрій глутамату супроводжувалося більшим її зниженням (на 41,0 %, р&lt;0,001) відносно контрольної групи, що на 17,1 % (р&lt;0,02) менше від даного показника при ізольованій дії тютюнового диму в гемолізатах еритроцитів та на 58,7 % – у супернатанті гомогенату легень, що на 12,0 % (р&lt;0,02) нижче від цього показника за умови ізольованої дії тютюнового диму. Однонаправлені зміни спостерігали і щодо каталазної активності.&#x0D; Висновки. За умови дії тютюнового диму спостерігають виснаження антиоксидантного потенціалу (зниження супероксиддисмутазної і каталазної активності) крові та тканин легень, більш виражене при “пасивному тютюнокурінні” на тлі застосування натрій глутамату. В статевому аспекті показники антиоксидантного захисту за умови “пасивного тютюнокуріння” на тлі застосування натрій глутамату більш виражено знижуються в самок, а при віковому зіставленні змін активності даних ензимів встановлено їх інтенсивніше зменшення у статевонезрілих щурів.

Functional state of the antioxide system in rats with periodontitis against the background of hyper- and hypothyroidism

Objective. To investigate the functional state of the antioxidant defense system in rats with periodontitis without concomitant pathology and against hyper- and hypothyroidism.Material and methods. The study involved 48 mature male white rats. The antioxide system was assessed by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase in erythrocytes and periodontal tissues and serum concentration of ceruloplasmin.Results. The decrease in SOD activity in the supernatant of rats’ erythrocyte hemolysate with modeled periodontitis by 16.2% (p &lt;0.05) in rats with periodontitis and hypothyroidism — by 38.3% (p &lt;0.001) was observed. In rats with periodontitis and hypothyroidism, catalase activity decreased by 12.4% (p&lt;0.05) vs control group. In the homogenate of periodontal tissues, changes in the enzyme link of the antioxidant defense system were more intense, especially for SOD. In case of periodontitis ceruloplasmin concentration in serum increased by 57,1% (p &lt;0,001), in rats with periodontitis and hyperthyroidism it significantly decreased by 2.0 times, in animals with periodontitis and hypothyroidism — increased by 22.8% (p&lt;0.05) compared with the control.Conclusion. Experimental periodontitis is accompanied by a marked decrease in the functional activity of antioxidant protection in both the homogenate of periodontal tissues and in the blood. The imbalance of thyroid hormones in different directions deters antioxide system in periodontitis: in case of hyperthyroidism — by reducing the concentration of ceruloplasmin, in case of hypothyroidism — by reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Research of indicators of the endogenous antioxidant system in rats affected with sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication

Under conditions of progression of environmental pollution, the one of priority directions of toxicology and medicine is the study of features and mechanisms of the combined effect of xenobiotics – risk factors of many ecologically depending diseases. In last years there is widely studied the influence of tobacco smoking on the human organism. The numerous researches proved that the wide use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture resulted in environmental pollution, especially pollution of atmospheric air, drinking water and food and created the real threat for life of both human and other living beings. All these anthropogenic toxicants penetrate the human organism and lead to the oxidative stress and activation of free radical processes in the organism and imbalance in functioning of pro- and antioxidant systems.The aim of the research is to establish the level of the oxidative stress and activity of indicators of the system of antioxidant defense in rats, injured with sodium nitrite on the background of 45 days tobacco intoxication for choosing adequate schemes of correction of detected disorders.Experiments were realized on non-linear white male rats of different age groups, who underwent the effect of tobacco smoke during 45 days. Two groups of animals, injured by smoke, received sodium nitrite in dose 45 mg / kg of body mass for 24 hours and 72 hours before the end of experiment. Euthanasia was realized under thiopental anesthesia. Blood, blood serum liver and kidneys were taken for the study.For determining AOF, there was realized extraction of blood neutrophils by the method of gradient centrifugation. For measuring AOF level in neutrophils, dichlofluorescein diacetate was used. The level of AOF production was analyzed by the intensity of dye stuff lighting on the current cytometer. Catalase activity in the reaction with ammonium molybdate, superoxide dismutase activity with nitrotetrazolium blue, the content of restored glutathione at interaction of Ellman reagent with free SH-groups were determined in blood serum and tissues. The content of ceruloplasmin in blood serum was determined by the reaction of para-phenylendiamine oxidation.The studies were realized observing general principles of experiments on animals, coordinated with statements of the European convention about protection of vertebral animals, used for experimental and other scientific aims.Rats of all age groups, injured by tobacco smoke demonstrated the increase of AOF level in blood that resulted in the oxidative process development in the organism. The synchronous intoxication of rats with tobacco smoke and sodium nitrite deepened even more all detected disorders that testify to the reliable (p≤0,05) increase of AOF that acquired the maximal values in immature animals. The oxidative stress, observed in the organism of rats of all age groups, caused inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activity: superoxide dismutase, catalase and decrease of the non-enzyme component of the antioxidant system – restored glutathione. The synchronous injure of animals by sodium nitrite and tobacco smoke resulted in the decrease of catalase activity in lungs of mature rats in 2,4times compared with intact animals in the final term of the study. After sodium nitrite intoxication of rats, toxicated by smoke, the content of restored glutathione was maximally decreased in the liver of mature rats (in 4,5 times). Most expressed changes of indicators of the antioxidant system were observed in blood serum and organs of mature rats

Effect of Ruta chalepensis on Zinc, Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Levels in the Blood and Tissue of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats Fed Zinc-Deficient Diets.

In diabetes, oxidative stress and lipid abnormalities are common and pronounced and represent important factors that are involved in the development of complications of diabetes. Zinc deficiency generally induces oxidative stress, but it is well known that the antioxidant Ruta chalepensis has an effective modulator role in oxidative stress in metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of R. chalepensis extract on blood biochemical parameters, tissue zinc status and antioxidant systems in rats with diabetes that were fed zinc-deficient diets. We divided 28 male albino Wistar rats into 4 groups: 2 groups (1 group with diabetes, 1 group without diabetes) were fed zinc-sufficient diets, while the other 2 groups of rats with diabetes were fed zinc-deficient diets. One group was not treated, and the other was treated with the extract of R. chalepensis. After 3 weeks of dietary manipulation, the fasting animals were killed. The body-weight gains of the zinc-deficient animals with diabetes were lower than those of the zinc-adequate animals with diabetes. It was noticed also that inadequate dietary zinc intake increased the glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatinine and lipid peroxidation levels. In addition, the zinc-deficient diet led to a decrease in zinc tissues (femur, liver, kidney), glutathione concentration and both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. However, R. chalepensis treatment ameliorated all the previous parameters approximately to their normal levels. It seems that R. chalepensis supplementation is a potent factor in reducing the oxidative severity of zinc deficiency in experimental diabetes through its hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions.