Antibacterial Characteristics Research Articles

Insights into the Dual Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of Composites Based on Silver Camphorimine Complexes.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a widely used biocompatible material in orthopedic composite preparations. However, HAp composites that exhibit both anticancer and antibacterial activities through bioactive coordination complexes are relatively rare. To explore orthopedic applications, we blended several silver camphorimine compounds with HAp to create [Ag(I)] composites. All compounds [Ag(NO3)(L)n] (n = 1,2) based on camphorimine (LA), camphor sulfonimine (LB) or imine bi-camphor (LC) ligands demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 0.30-2.6 μgAg/mL) against osteosarcoma cancer cells (HOS). Based on their structural and electronic characteristics, four complexes (1-4) were selected for antibacterial evaluation against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia contaminans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. All complexes (1-4) revealed combined anticancer and antibacterial activities; therefore, they were used to prepare [Ag(I)]:HAp composites of 50:50% and 20:80% weight compositions and the activities of the composites were assessed. Results showed that they retain the dual anticancer and antibacterial characteristics of their precursor complexes. To replicate the clinical context of bone-filling applications, hand-pressed surfaces (pellets) were prepared. It is worth highlighting that no agglutination agent was necessary for the pellet's consistency. The biological properties of the so-prepared pellets were assessed, and the HOS cells and bacteria spreading on the pellet's surface were analyzed by SEM. Notably, composite 4B, derived from the bicamphor (LC) complex [Ag(NO3)(OC10H14N(C6H4)2NC10H14O)], exhibited significant anticancer activity against HOS cells and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, fostering potential clinical applications on post-surgical OS treatment.

FT-IR, UV–Vis, density functional theory and molecular docking studies on 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2hexadecen-1-ol

The organic molecule of 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol is frequently present in plant chlorophyll pigment. The title compound possesses antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics. The 3TMH molecule are being investigated using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach with the Becke,3-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) method, 6–311++G (d, p) basis set is used to analyse the geometrical parameters, Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO), and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) mapping. In the 3TMH molecules, the computed Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis exhibit the high stabilization interaction (intra-inter, hydrogen bonding, and charge delocalization) between the donor and acceptor. The UV–Vis spectra of the maximum absorption correlated with different solvents as determined by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). According to Veda 04, the measured FT-IR spectrum and the theoretical spectra of vibrational assignment with Potential energy distribution (PED%) are in good agreement. The Electron Localization Function (ELF) and Localized Orbital Locator (LOL) mapping has provided an explanation for the chemical bonding within fragments, as well as interactions between the atoms. The strong attraction, strong repulsion, and weak interaction have been estimated Reduced Density Gradient (RDG). Furthermore, the molecular docking examined ligand-protein interaction of least binding energy 6.73 kcal/mol against anti-cancer activity.

Sodium ampicillin release from biocompatible hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial characteristics

The goal of this research is to develop an intelligent carrier that can control the release of medications in response to particular triggers. A novel carrier was created by combining different amounts of chitosan and polyvinylalcohal along with specific amount of cinnamon extract to enhance the antibacterial response of the prepared hydrogels. A non-hazardous crosslinker 3-Aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane (3-APDEMS) was used to study its effect on the physical and chemical properties of the produced injectable hydrogels as well as the controlled drug release behaviour. The hydrogels swelling behaviour was assessed in a range of solvent environments and the results indicated that the swelling ratio decreased as the concentration of 3-APDEMS rose. The hydrogels showed the most swelling at acidic pH values and the least swelling at basic and neutral pH values. They are appropriate for use in injectable controlled medication delivery systems due to their unique pH-sensitive characteristic at pH 7.To evaluate its release profile in this particular setting, ampicillin sodium salt was effectively added to the best hydrogel formulation (which contained 100 μL cinnamon extract and 150 μL 3-APDEMS).The results showed that the release of ampicillin sodium (AMS) was regulated in PBS (7.4), reached up to 98.236 % release over 90 min.The utilisation of these hydrogels as a cutting-edge material for physiological pH-controlled injectable medication delivery and other biological applications is supported by these results.

Zinc-doped phosphate coatings for enhanced corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility of AZ91D Mg alloy

Magnesium and its alloys have been foreseen as promising bone-implant owing to good biocompatibility, high strength, mechanical properties, and biodegradability to replace the conventional bio-metals (Titanium, stainless-steel, Co-Cr alloys) in orthopedic applications. However, high corrosion rate and high degradation rates adversely effects like abrupt evolution of H2 gas and localized alkalization in a physiological environment limit its medical applications. To overcome these issues, phosphate-based surface coating is developed on Mg-alloy to resist the high biodegradation and corrosion rate utilizing magnesium substrate as source of magnesium ion through a single-step hydrothermal process. Controlling the fast corrosion rate and localized alkalization would reduce the antibacterial character of magnesium-based implants therefore, the simple phosphate-based coatings has been induced by doping it with zinc ions due to its physiological tolerance and excellent antibacterial efficacy. The doping of zinc ions may provide a sustained drug-free antibacterial characteristic for potential application in orthopedics. The synthesized phosphate-based coating was characterized using advanced techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and wettability test, followed by comprehensive electrochemical testing to assess its corrosion behavior. The in vitro immersion test in simulated body fluid (SBF) indicates that deposition of phosphate and zinc doped phosphate coatings reduces the degradation rate consequently minimized the fast dissolution of Mg2+ ions and OH- in physiological environment. Additionally, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated using Alamar Blue and live/dead assays on the MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast cell line. These assays demonstrated good cell viability, indicating the coatings possess favorable cytocompatibility and support cellular metabolic activity.

Ionic liquid-derived carbon dots with enhanced antibacterial activity and antibiofilm capability for treatment of MRSA-infected wounds

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has rendered bacterial infections an escalating threat to public health, prompting numerous researchers to strive towards the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Designable ionic liquids (ILs) have gained increasing prominence in the field of antibacterials. However, certain ILs exhibit suboptimal antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized ionic liquid-derived carbon dots (IL-CDs: VOIMBr-CD) through vinyl and epoxy group reactions, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. The VOIMBr-CD retains the antibacterial structure characteristic of ILs, including a positively charged imidazolium group and long alkyl chain. Moreover, VOIMBr-CD demonstrates selective antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) while effectively inhibiting S. aureus biofilm growth. Notably, the antibacterial efficacy of VOIMBr-CD against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), surpasses vancomycin (Van). We conducted comprehensive investigations into the selective antibacterial mechanism of VOIMBr-CD which primarily involves electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within bacteria cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that VOIMBr-CD significantly alleviate inflammation, facilitated collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and effectively expedited wound healing in MRSA-infected mice models; thus, highlighting their potential as therapeutic candidates for diseases resembling MRSA infection-like conditions. Importantly, this work presents a novel approach utilizing IL-based materials for developing effective antibacterials thereby offering new insights into the application prospects of IL-derived materials.

Synthesis of hemostatic aerogel of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers/collagen/chitosan and in vivo/vitro evaluation

The treatment of internal hemorrhage remains challenging due to the current limited antibacterial capability, hemostatic efficacy, and biocompatibility of hemostatic materials. The TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers/collagen/chitosan (TCNF/COL/CS) hemostatic aerogel was developed in this work by physically encasing COL in a sandwich structure and electrostatically self-assembling polyanionic TCNF with polycationic CS. In vitro coagulation experiments revealed the favorable procoagulant properties of TCNF/COL/CS along with high adhesion to erythrocytes and platelets. TCNF/COL/CS significantly increased the hemostatic efficacy by 59.8 % and decreased blood loss by 62.2 % in the liver injury model when compared to Surgicel®, the most frequently used hemostatic material. Furthermore, it demonstrated outstanding biodegradability both in vitro and in vivo, and a substantial increase in resistance (96.8 % against E. coli and 95.4 % against S. aureus) compared to TCNF. The significant hemostatic and biodegradable characteristics of TCNF/COL/CS can be ascribed to its interconnected porous structure, increased porosity, and efficient water absorption, along with the synergistic effect of the three constituents. The TCNF/COL/CS aerogel shows significant potential to control internal bleeding. A novel plant-derived nanocellulose composite aerogel has been described here for the first time; it has outstanding antibacterial characteristics, higher biocompatibility, and outstanding hemostatic characteristics in vivo.

Effect of the molar mass of chitosan and film casting solvents on the properties of chitosan films loaded with Mentha spicata essential oil for potential application as wound dressing

Chitosan based films endowed with antibacterial features have witnessed remarkable progress as potential wound dressings. The current study aimed at appraising the effects of the molar mass of chitosan (MM) and the film casting acids on the properties of unplasticized chitosan films and plasticized MSO-embedded chitosan films in order to provide best suited film formulation as a potential candidate for wound dressing application. The prepared films were functionally characterized in terms of their qualitative assessment, thickness, density, swelling behavior, water vapor barrier, mechanical and antibacterial properties. Overall, all chitosan films displayed thickness lower than the human dermis even though thicker and denser films were produced with lactic acid. Assessment of the swelling behavior revealed that only high molar mass (HMM) chitosan films may be regarded as absorbent dressings. Moreover, unplasticized HMM lactate (HMM-LA) films furnished lower stiffness and higher percent strain break as compared to acetate films, due to the plasticizing effect of the remaining lactic acid as alluded by the FTIR analysis. Meanwhile, they provided suitable level of moisture and indicated substantial antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, the most commonly opportunistic bacteria found in infected skin wound. Plasticized chitosan films doped with MSO were significantly thicker and more permeable to water compared to unplasticized films. Furthermore, MSO significantly potentiate the antibacterial effect of chitosan-based films. Therefore, plasticized HMM-LA/MSO chitosan film flashing good swelling behavior, adequate WVTR and WVP, suitable mechanical properties and antibacterial performances substantiated to be a promising antibacterial dressing material for moderately exuding wounds.

Exploring the interactive impacts of citronellol, thymol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde in broilers: moving toward an improved performance, immunity, gastrointestinal integrity, and Clostridium perfringens resistance.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of dietary citronellol, thymol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CTC) essential oils blend on broilers' growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbial count, gut integrity, and resistance against Clostridium perfringens utilizing the necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge model. A total of 200 Ross 308 male broiler chicks received either a control diet or diet supplemented with three graded levels of CTC blend, including 300, 600, and 900mg of CTC blend/kg diet and experimentally infected with C. perfringens strain at 23 days of age. Herein, dietary CTC blend fortifications significantly improved the broilers' growth performance, which was supported by upregulating the expression levels of MUC-2, occludin, and JAM-2 genes. Moreover, dietary CTC blend inclusion significantly enhanced the levels of blood phagocytic percentage and serum IgA, IgG, and MPO, and reduced the values of serum CRP, and NO at 5 days pre-infection, 10-, and 15 days post-infection (dpi) with C. perfringens. At 15 dpi, CTC blend inclusion significantly reduced the intestinal digesta pH, coliforms and C. perfringens loads, and the expression levels of genes related to C. perfringens virulence (cpe, cnaA, and nanI), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and chemokines (CCL20), in addition to increasing the count of beneficial total Lactobacillus and total aerobic bacteria, and the expression levels of genes related to anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and chemokines (AvBD6 and AvBD612). Our results point to the growth-provoking, immunostimulant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antivirulence characteristics of the CTC blend, which improves the broilers' resistance to C. perfringens and ameliorates the negative impacts of NE.

Design of biphasic Fe and Zn doped hydroxyapatite: Novel strategy for combating osteomyelitis infections

Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics are widely used materials for orthopaedic applications, offering enhanced cellular adhesion and differentiation. However, the lack of antibacterial features makes the HA biomaterials prone to bacterial infections in in-vivo conditions. The osteomyelitis-like conditions are often treated with prolonged doses of antibiotics and may require surgical removal. Such problems can be tackled by inducing the antibacterial characteristics in the biomaterials which prevent such infections. Various research studies have been conducted to improve the mechanical and antibacterial characteristics of biomaterials like HA through doping. The present study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial study of Zn and Fe doped HA (ZFHAp) for application in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based Central Composite Design (CCD) approach was used to optimize the process parameters using the Design Expert software. The analyses indicated the presence of Calcium Iron Hydrogen Phosphate (CIHP) and Parascholzite (PS) as major phases. The optimized experimental conditions were estimated as 0.09 M Zn and 0.04 M Fe at 65 °C, corresponding to 71.29 % and 28.71 % of the CIHP and PS phases, respectively. The synthesized nanopowder showed mixed morphology comprising spherical and rod-shaped particles due to biphasic composition. The ZFHAp sample showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with IC50 values of 4.02 mg/ml and 4.79 mg/ml against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The optimized sample showed excellent biocompatibility with the osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) with improved biomineralization properties. The antibacterial and osteoinductive characteristics of the synthesized biphasic Fe and Zn doped HA suggest its potential application against osteomyelitis-related conditions.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract from Australian Finger Lime.

Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica L.) has become increasingly popular due to its potent antioxidant capacity and health-promoting benefits. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial characteristics, and mechanism of finger lime extract. The finger lime extracts were obtained from the fruit of the Australian finger lime by the ethanol extraction method. The antibacterial activity of the extract was examined by detecting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacterial strains in vitro, as well as by assessing variations in the number of bacteria for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in vivo. GC-MS analysis was used to identify the antibacterial compounds of the extract. The antibacterial mechanisms were investigated by assessing cell permeability and membrane integrity, and the bacterial morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative bacterial species, such as Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas citri, and CLas. Among the six strains evaluated in vitro, B. subtilis showed the highest susceptibility to the antimicrobial effects of finger lime extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against the tested microorganisms varied between 500 and 1000 μg/mL. In addition, the extract was proven effective in suppressing CLas in vivo, as indicated by the lower CLas titers in the treated leaves compared to the control. A total of 360 compounds, including carbohydrates (31.159%), organic acid (30.909%), alcohols (13.380%), polyphenols (5.660%), esters (3.796%), and alkaloids (0.612%), were identified in the extract. We predicted that the primary bioactive compounds responsible for the antibacterial effects of the extract were quinic acid and other polyphenols, as well as alkaloids. The morphology of the tested microbes was altered and damaged, leading to lysis of the cell wall, cell content leakage, and cell death. Based on the results, ethanol extracts from finger lime may be a fitting substitute for synthetic bactericides in food and plant protection.

A feasible strategy of Ag nanoparticles-sodium alginate-polyacrylamide-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel coatings for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) pose a significant clinical challenge, potentially resulting in complications such as bacteriuria and mortality. Developing coatings with antibacterial and antiadhesive properties for urinary catheters is essential to address these issues. In this study, a novel hydrogel coating composed of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), sodium alginate (SA), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was prepared on polydopamine (PDA)-modified latex urinary catheters using a simple dipping method. The Ag NPs were synthesized via an in-situ reduction of AgNO3 with SA, eliminating the need for additional chemical reductants. The Ag NPs-SA-PAAm-PVA hydrogel-coated urinary catheter demonstrated superior antibacterial and antiadhesive characteristics compared to the bare urinary catheter. The antiadhesive properties of the hydrogel-coated urinary catheter were attributed to its hydrophilicity and lubricity, while the antibacterial effects were linked to the penetration of Ag NPs and Ag+ ions into bacterial structures, disrupting bacterial metabolism through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals upon attachment of Ag+ ions to cell walls and membranes. Furthermore, the hydrogel coatings exhibited remarkable mechanical properties, along with good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The exceptional antibacterial and antiadhesive properties of the hydrogel-coated urinary catheter hold promise for reducing CAUTIs.

Antimicrobial activity of curcuma longa and mimosa pudica: a comprehensive review

The active ingredient in turmeric, Curcuma longa, and the traditional medicinal plant, Mimosa pudica, have both been the subject of intensive research due to their wide range of therapeutic applications. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing qualities of Mimosa pudica have long been employed, whereas curcumin is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer benefits. The pharmacological advantages of these two naturally occurring substances are summarized in this article, which also discusses their possible synergistic effects, modes of action, and therapeutic uses. Our goal in examining the complimentary qualities of Mimosa pudica and curcumin is to present a through analysis that bolsters their application in integrative medicine and offers ideas for further research. Curcumin is known for its powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Its therapeutic success is related to its capacity to affect numerous cellular pathways, such as inhibiting NF-KB and activating AREs. These pathways play a vital role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Curcumin's antibacterial characteristics make it a promising medicinal agent with broad-spectrum applications. Mimosa pudica, often known as the "sensitive plant" for its quick responsiveness to physical stimuli, has a long history in traditional medicine, especially in Ayurvedic and folk treatments. It is used for wound healing,anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-ulcer properties. The pharmacological actions of Mimosa pudica are primarily due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids,flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids.These compounds collectively contribute to the plant's ability to modulate immune responses, promote tissue regeneration, and inhibit microbial growth.Curcumin and Mimosa pudica have complimentary mechanisms that can lead to synergistic effects. Curcumin modulates intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors, while Mimosa pudica's bioactive ingredients also interact with extracellular targets and microbial cell walls, indicating a multimodal approach to illness management.

Study the effect of Enterobacter cloacae on the gene expression, productivity, and quality traits of Curcuma longa L. Plant.

Overuse of artificial chemical fertilizers could be detrimental to the environment. Utilizing beneficial microorganisms as biofertilizers is a sustainable technique that promotes soil health, crop yield, and ecosystem preservation. Curcuma longa L. is utilized as a medication since it has its antibacterial, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor characteristics, which reduce inflammation and hasten wound healing. The effect of E. cloacae strain MSR1, which is common in the roots of alfalfa grown in the Al-Ahsaa region, on C. longa plants is being investigated. C. longa rhizomes were planted under greenhouse conditions after being submerged in a solution of E. cloacae strain MSR1 (OD 500) or water treatment as a control for 12 hours. After 240 days of growing, ten randomly selected plants from each treatment were collected, and the vegetative growth and yield metrics were assessed. To investigate how E. cloacae influences C. longa production and chemical composition (photosynthetic pigment, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and curcuminoid), measurements were conducted as well as genes diketide-CoA and curcumin synthases genes. Our research showed that C. longa's growth and yield were favorably impacted by E. cloacae. Significant increases in the related plants' chlorophyll a,b, carotenoid, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels were likewise a reflection of the enhanced effects shown in the growth and yield parameters. Treatment with E. cloacae raised the curcuminoid's three sub-components' compositions to varying degrees: bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin. Comparing E. cloacae treated plants to the control, high expression levels of the genes diketide-CoA and curcumin synthase-1, -2, and 3 were also found. The treatment of E. cloacae is a good biostimulant candidate for boosting growth and yield as well as raising the medicinal qualities of C. longa, according to the overall results.

Study on antibacterial characteristics and mechanism of synergistic modification of calcined gypsum from phosphogypsum by inorganic antibacterial materials

Mold on the phosphogypsum wallboard seriously hinders the resource utilization of phosphogypsum, and incorporating inorganic antibacterial materials can effectively inhibit mold growth. In this study, Escherichia coli and wallboard mold were used as experimental strains, and the antibacterial activity of antibacterial material-modified calcined gypsum from phosphogypsum (CPG) was determined using the inhibition zone method and mold surface growth area analysis. Characterization techniques such as XRF, XRD, and SEM were used to study the phase composition and microstructure of the samples, and an antibacterial model was constructed to explore the antibacterial mechanism. The results indicated that using E. coli as an indicator bacterium, ZnO-0.05TiO2-CPG exhibited the best bactericidal effect, while ZnO-CPG exhibited the best bacteriostatic effect. Against mold, ZnO contents of 2.5% or 5% demonstrated strong antibacterial properties, with compressive strengths of 10.1 MPa and 9.95 MPa, respectively, meeting the requirements of ≥3.50 MPa for compressive strength according to the ‘Lightweight Partition Plates for Building’ standard (GB/T 23451 2009). The superior antibacterial performance of ZnO compared to TiO2 is attributed to the slow release of Zn2+, which disrupts cell membranes and the generated reactive oxygen species inhibit cell growth.

Development of alginate/chitosan hydrogel loaded with obestatin and evaluation of collagen type I, III, VEGF and TGF-β1 gene expression for skin repair in a rat model (in vitro and in vitro study).

Skin injuries have long been recognized as a prevalent type of physical injury. As a result, numerous research studies have been performed to discover an effective mechanism for wound healing. Therefore, tissue engineering of skin has developed as a potential solution for traditional methods of treating skin injuries. Alginate/Chitosan hydrogel was mixed with 1, 10, 100, and 150µM Obestatin, and evaluated the morphology, cumulative release, hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, water absorption, cell viability, weight loss, and antibacterial characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) alginate (Alg) and chitosan (Cs) hydrogels during the process of wound curing. Various concentrations of Obestatin (Obes) were utilized for this purpose. Finally, the hydrogels that were made were tested on a full-thickness dermal wound in a Wistar rat model. The curative effects were determined by analyzing RNA expression and examining tissue stained with Masson's trichrome (MT) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). The biodegradability of this hydrogel was verified using weight loss testing, which demonstrated a reduction of around 90% after a period of 3 days. Furthermore, the MTT assay demonstrated that hydrogels have a beneficial effect on cell proliferation without inducing any harmful effects. Furthermore, the hydrogels produced demonstrated higher wound closure in vivo compared to the wounds treated with gauze (negative control group). Among the hydrogel groups, the chitosan/alginate/obestatin 100µM group exhibited the apical percentage of wound closure, gene expression, and secondary epithelialization, but in 150µM concentrations, we saw a lower rate of cell growth and proliferation and increase in hemolysis. In addition, RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that a concentration of 100µM obestatin resulted in an upregulation in the expression of mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen type I & type III, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The present study suggests that 3D Alg/Cs hydrogels with a concentration of 100µM obestatin have the potential for clinical application in the treatment of skin injuries.

Multi-functional ceramic glazes with nano ZnO/Cu–ZnO incorporation

The study successfully enabled the creation of ceramic surfaces with multi functionalities, including superhydrophilicity, self-cleaning, antibacterial properties, and photocatalytic activity, by applying a glaze composition rich in nano ZnO/Cu–ZnO and utilizing surface chemistry and unique texturing on porcelain tiles. The tiles, coated with unique glaze compositions, were fired in an industrial furnace and heat treated. The crystalline phases and surface morphology of glazed surfaces were systematically evaluated using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, drop shape analyzer, and surface roughness profilometer. Key-factors affecting the wettability, self-clean ability, photocatalytic activity and antibacterial efficacy were discussed. Adding nano Cu into the glaze mixture that is rich in ZnO improves the evolution of zincite crystals, increases the specific surface energy, decreases surface roughness, provide superhydrophilicity and promotes the antibacterial effectiveness and photocatalytic activity. Superhydrophilic surfaces doped with nano Cu–ZnO display antibacterial characteristics that do not require UV or visible light. The quick achievement of complete self-cleaning, up to 100 %, is due to the presence of nano Cu particles in its structure. Hydrophilicity has the ability to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis. If a surface exhibits superhydrophilic properties, it shows exceptional photocatalytic performance. A surface that is solely photohydrophilic may not maintain self-cleaning. Hydrophilicity may be more important than photocatalysis in the self-cleaning effect.

Antagonistic Effects and the Underlying Mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis and its Antibacterial Peptide LCI Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Largemouth Bass.

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria in largemouth bass. The use of antibiotics to inhibit A. hydrophila poses a significant threat to fish and environmental safety. Bacillus velezensis, a safe bacterium with probiotic and antibacterial characteristics, is an ideal candidate for antagonizing A. hydrophila. This study explored the antagonistic effects of B. velezensis FLU-1 on A. hydrophila in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we explored the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by strain FLU-1 and clarified the underlying antibacterial mechanisms. The results showed that strain FLU-1 could inhibit a variety of fish pathogens, including A. hydrophila. The challenge test showed that dietary supplementation with B. velezensis FLU-1 significantly improved the survival rate of largemouth bass and reduced the bacterial load in liver. Subsequently, the AMP LCI was isolated from B. velezensis FLU-1 and was found to be effective against A. hydrophila in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LCI downregulated the genes associated with flagellar assembly and peptidoglycan synthesis in A. hydrophila. Phenotypic test results showed that LCI disrupted the membrane integrity, markedly reduced the biofilm biomass and diminished the swimming motility of A. hydrophila. Furthermore, the results showed that LCI bound to the genomic DNA of A. hydrophila and destroyed the DNA structures. Overall, these findings elucidated the mechanism of action of LCI against A. hydrophila at the phenotypic and physiological levels. This study suggests that B. velezensis FLU-1 and its AMP LCI could serve as antibiotic alternatives for controlling pathogens in aquaculture.

Cu@Fe3O4/SiO2@MWCNTs promoted green synthesis of novel bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines and evaluation of biological activity

This study examined the investigation of one‐pot multicomponent reactions of actylacetone, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde, primary amines, and activated acetylenic compounds in an aqueous medium at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu@Fe3O4/SiO2@MWCNTs. The responses that were employed As a result, high‐yielding bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines and other novel compounds can be produced. Diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping is being used in this field of study to examine the antioxidant characteristics of some bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines that are produced. Scholarly research now underway has concentrated on examining the antibacterial characteristics of chemical substances that have been produced. The bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines was synthesized by an experimental procedure that demonstrated several notable features, such as rapid reaction kinetics, substantial product yields, and effortless separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture.

Piezoelectric biomaterials with embedded ionic liquids for improved orthopedic interfaces through osseointegration and antibacterial dual characteristics

Orthopedic implant failures, primarily attributed to aseptic loosening and implant site infections, pose significant challenges to patient recovery and lead to revision surgeries. Combining piezoelectric materials with ionic liquids as interfaces for orthopedic implants presents an innovative approach to addressing both issues simultaneously. In this study, films of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) incorporated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Emim][HSO4]) ionic liquid were developed. These films exhibited strong antibacterial properties, effectively reducing biofilm formation, thereby addressing implant-related infections. Furthermore, stem cell-based differentiation assays exposed the potential of the composite materials to induce osteogenesis. Interestingly, our findings also revealed the upregulation of calcium channel expression as a result of electromechanical stimulation, pointing to a mechanistic basis for the observed biological effects. This work highlights the potential of piezoelectric materials with ionic liquids to improve the longevity and biocompatibility of orthopedic implants. Offering dual-functionality for infection prevention and bone integration, these advancements hold significant potential for advancing orthopedic implant technologies and improving patient outcomes.

Antibacterial characteristics and mechanistic insights of combined tea polyphenols, Nisin, and epsilon-polylysine against feline oral pathogens: a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.

This study evaluates the antibacterial characteristics and mechanisms of combined tea polyphenols (TPs), Nisin, and ε-polylysine (PL) against Streptococcus canis, Streptococcus minor, Streptococcus mutans, and Actinomyces oris, common zoonotic pathogens in companion animals. Pathogenic strains were isolated from feline oral cavities and assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, inhibition zone assays, growth kinetics, and biofilm inhibition studies. Among single agents, PL exhibited the lowest MIC values against all four pathogens. TP showed significant resistance against S. minor, and Nisin against S. mutans. The combination treatment (Comb) of TP, Nisin, and PL in a ratio of 13:5:1 demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, maintaining low MIC values, forming large inhibition zones, prolonging the bacterial lag phase, reducing growth rates, and inhibiting biofilm formation. RNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis indicated that TP, Nisin, and PL inhibited various membrane-bound carbohydrate-specific transferases through the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in S. canis, disrupting carbohydrate uptake. They also downregulated glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, inhibiting cellular energy metabolism. Additionally, they modulated the activities of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases and d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase, interfering with peptidoglycan cross-linking and bacterial cell wall stability. The Comb therapy significantly enhances antibacterial efficacy by targeting multiple bacterial pathways, offering potential applications in food and pharmaceutical antimicrobials.