Analysis Of Problem Situation Research Articles

Strengthening Community Healthy Behavior to Support Tourism Area

Kenjeran Beach Amusement Park is one of the beaches with a strategic area bordering the Madura Strait. In addition, Kenjeran Beach Amusement Park also provides several facilities that can be enjoyed by tourists. The results of observations, still found low personal hygiene of food vendors, not all food vendors provide trash bins, and tourists are still seen littering. Based on the results of the problem situation analysis, it is necessary to strengthen healthy behavior in the community around the tourist area. The targets of the activity were elementary school students around the Kenjeran beach tourism area in Surabaya City 113 students and food and beverage vendors in the Kenjeran beach tourism area 20 in number, using total sampling. The purpose of community service activities carried out to strengthen community healthy living behavior to support tourism areas in the Kenjeran Beach area, Surabaya. The implementation that has been carried out in this community service are education to elementary school children, education to food vendors, observation of the cleanliness of the tourist area observation of how to serve snacks and laboratory tests of microbial contamination in food/beverage snacks. Then to evaluate understanding after education by analyzing the mean value of pre-test and post-test. The results of this activity have provided education for elementary school students regarding clean and healthy living behavior in the area even though the average pre-test score of 6.15 decreased to 6.07 during the post-test. The socialization of safe and healthy snacks for food vendors in THP Kenjeran Lama has also been carried out with the pre-test score having an average of 5.2 then increased to 8.7 at the time of the post-test. Laboratory test results showed a very alarming condition, namely 88.89% of food-beverage samples were contaminated with microbes with various types of bacteria. Suggestions from the results of this activity are still the need for more intensive education to school children about the selection of snacks and diseases transmitted through food and beverages. There is still a need for assistance from food vendors in processing and serving food and drinks by sanitary hygiene standards.

EXPERIENCE IN PREVENTING PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL DIFFICULTIES OF FUTURE TEACHERS

The article discusses the problem of professional and pedagogical diffi culties of future teachers and overcoming them. The results of a survey of senior students about the reasons that make it diffi cult for them to communicate with students are analyzed, which confirmed that one of the most important reasons for professional and pedagogical diffi culties is the lack of developed pedagogical communication skills among future teachers. The article presents the results of a survey of 4th year students of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University who completed teaching practice. The authors of the article also analyzed the diaries of student interns, presented based on the results of industrial (teaching) practice in the 4th year. The authors identifi ed and presented in the text of the article the diffi culties that students encountered during their internship. The article describes the experience of working with students in the format of a workshop, which is educational in nature and aimed at preventing professional and pedagogical diffi culties of future teachers. The content of optional educational meetings with students, aimed at gaining them new knowledge about the features of communication between various subjects of education and applying this knowledge in practice, is described in detail. It is stated that the introductory stage of the workshop contributed to the formation of a positive psychological climate in the group and the development of self-presentation and self-presentation skills, the main stage of the work made it possible to introduce students to modern technologies of effective psychological-pedagogical interaction in theory and practice, and the fi nal stage, dedicated to micro-teaching, contributed to the deepening of methodological training future teachers and developing their self-reflection skills. It is concluded that the work carried out will allow future teachers to skillfully build relationships with various subjects of the educational process and overcome professional and pedagogical diffi culties. The authors consider the activation of such forms of work with students as the analysis of problem situations and microteaching as the most promising areas for using the experience of preventing professional and pedagogical diffi culties of future teachers.

Розвиток у майбутніх учителів початкових класів критичного мислення в процесі вивчення загальних основ педагогіки

The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of the future primary school teachers’ critical thinking in the process of studying the general foundations of pedagogy. The article highlights the scientific approaches to the essence of the concept of «critical thinking» in the works of both domestic and foreign researchers, the main features of critical thinking in the context of the current socio-cultural situation. The requirements of the professional standard for the training of the future teachers for critical thinking of educational specialists, the peculiarities of critical thinking of the future primary school teachers are revealed. The barriers to critical thinking of the future primary school teachers, the methods of diagnosing the peculiarities of critical thinking of the students are determined. The directions of development of critical thinking of the future primary school teachers in the process of studying the general foundations of pedagogy are presented: creation and analysis of problem situations that stimulate the development of critical thinking; training in critical analysis of scientific and pedagogical texts; forming skills to understand, build and critically evaluate the arguments in the process of analyzing scientific and pedagogical texts, pedagogical situations.

Принципи та моделі експертно-аналітичної методології підтримки формування адаптивних організаційних рішень за умов глибокої невизначеності

The paper depicts and analyzes Expert-Analytical Methodology named EAM DMDU to support Proactive Anti-crisis Decisions within Organizational Systems under deep uncertainty. Complex tools are proposed for Decisions Domain Knowledge analytical operation. The Benefit is no essential resource demands while keeping the basic principles to deal with deep uncertainty (uncertainties and inconsisten- cies eliciting; Decision vulnerabilities searching instead prediction; threats resilience priority over effectiveness). EAM DMDU enables Deliberative multi-staged Process for Adaptive Decision forming aimed at expected future conflict situation solving. The Process stages are: Problem situation Analysis, Impact on Problem Situation Goal Proposition, Goal proposals Assessment; Efforts for Goal achieving Proposals; Effort Proposals Assessment; reference Proposal option Selection and Decision adaptations accordingly to Decision Frame changes Recommendation. Knowledge operation is enabled with the procedures such as: formal analysis, individual expert assessment, Decision elements deliberative forming. EAM DMDU common information space of is based on Domain Ontology and ensures equal participants’ awareness, expert judgments with their arguments constructive representation and knowledge reuse. Expert-analytical Selection of Proposals uses their Perspectivity Model. It is a sub-goals hierarchy to achieve the goal being formed over previous Process stages. Hierarchy knot is represented with ontologically formalized definition for State of the Art corresponding sub-goal achievement. Leaf node depicts State of the Art with explicit expert Estimates of Certainty factor (from the Stanford model) being provided concerning its implementation through Decision element Proposal being assessed. The Estimate’s arguments are elements of information space used by expert. Under incomplete certainty of element expert provides its boundary values and State of the Art estimates both pessimistic and optimistic. Perspectivity Model contains also conditions for goal achievement violation being caused with environmental threats. Procedures for Estimates formal integration up to Model provide extreme estimates of Proposals Perspectivity and Robustness regarding current uncertainty. Under unsatisfactory properties of integrated Estimates their deliberative adjustment is carried out using Uncertainty Map and arguments provided. The final reference Decision contains selected Goal-Means option and guides to adapt it when decision frame changes. Further research is carried out for EAM DMDU instrumental tools development and its usage for defense resource management.

Linguistic and Extralinguistic Features of Linguistic Persona of the Interpreter

In the article the author considers the problems of simultaneous interpreting, focusing on the influence of linguocultural and extralinguistic features of linguistic identity in the interpreting of the TV interview genre. The research is conducted on the material of mass media discourse. The research methods include linguistic analysis of linguistic persona in the interview, cognitive and discursive analysis of the representation of linguistic persona in the interview, the interpretive analysis of simultaneous interpretations. The research results in the description of linguistic and extralinguistic features of the linguistic persona in the interview genre, directly affecting the interpreting process; features of simultaneous interpreting of an interview, analysis of problem situations in the process of interpretation of the television interview.

Individual-psychological features of law enforcement officers with different professional experience and professional profile

The study of professionally significant individual-psychological features of employees of law enforcement units in relation to the leading type of activity, including taking into account professional experience, is an actual scientific and practical issue. The identification of the requirements of the profile activity imposed on the employee, the assessment of different-level individual-psychological qualities allows to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness and suitability of the employee for the profession. The professional experience of employees of law enforcement agencies significantly affects the features of stress response, decision-making, motives for official activity, and the state of maladjustment. The study aims to identification of individual-psychological characteristics of law enforcement officers with different profiles and professional experience. 179 male law enforcement officers (average age - 30,2±6,2 years, average professional experience - 7,5±6,1 years) were examined. The employees were divided into 3 groups, depending on the type of professional activity. Group 1 consisted of employees of the security profile (n=67), group 2 - of the communicative-informational profile (n=46), group 3 - of the inspector-communication profile (n=66). The subjects were further divided into subgroups with professional experience up to 9 years inclusive and with experience of 10 or more years. The methodological complex includes: Self-control questionnaire; Behavior Activation and Inhibition questionnaire; Test Technology of Psychosemantic Analysis - Semantic Analysis of Activity (Noss I.N., 2009); Test Problem Situation Analysis (Noss I.N., 2009); a modification of the S. Rosenzweig Frustration Toleration Test (Noss I.N., Ignatkin V.N., 1997). The employees of the security profile were distinguished by the predominance of intropunitive reactions and fixation on the obstacle when assessing the conflict from their own position, high physical activity. Individuals of the communicative-informational profile were distinguished by impunitive reactions, fixation on self-defense and satisfaction of needs, high inhibition of behavior to negative stimuli, high activation of behavior, and high efficiency of resolving problem situations when assessing the conflict from an external position. Persons of the inspector-communication profile were distinguished by high rates of extrapunitive reactions in the whole, unrestrained affect of irritation, preference for simple tasks, low inhibition of behavior. The classification in a group of the security profile with high professional experience contribute: a preference for simple tasks, high activation to promote; in the group of communicative-informational and inspector-communication profile - high activation of achieving the goal. The generalized group of law enforcement officers with 10 years or more of experience in assessing the conflict from their own position was distinguished by the severity of extrapunitive reactions and fixation on the obstacle and on self-defense, the predominance of unrestrained affect of irritation, preference for simple tasks, low inhibition of behavior to negative stimuli. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there are differences in the psychological profile of law enforcement officers with different types of official activities and work experience. The profile of employees of communication-information activities was more consistent with the universal personal and professional qualities required for employees of law enforcement agencies in terms of psychophysiological qualities. Least consistent with a universal professional requirements officers of inspector-communication activities, which was reflected in low capacity for learning, reducing the effectiveness of problem-solving, emotional instability. With an increase in the length of professional experience, there is a predominance of externally blaming response strategies and low self-control.

Classification of management errors within the scope of the basic notions of Korogodin’s theory of goal-oriented systems

Introduction. The issue of goal-setting in management in general and in public administration, in particular, is one of the most relevant and important for management theory and practice. The purpose hereof is to study and reveal the mechanism of goal-setting in management. Materials and methods. The article is based on Korogodin’s theory of goal-oriented systems. The works on public administration, social construction and management, as well as foreign research on organizational management and business, are used herein. Results. A simple classification of typical management errors from the standpoint of the theory of goal-oriented systems is given: those related to goals, resources, operators, and by-products. Discussion and conclusion. The potential of using the teleonomic systems approach for the analysis of problem situations in management has been demonstrated. A strict and logical classification makes it possible to algorithmize the management decision-making process.

Functional Сharacteristics of Аctivity and Practical Components of Professional and Personal Experience of a Specialist in the Music Art

The article analyses the nature of the action-based and practical component of professional and personal experience of the specialist in the music art. The peculiarities of interaction of the activity-based and practical components are disclosed. The basic principles of the activity-based approach accumulating the fundamental laws of learning in its content are considered. Practice as a core aspect of professional and personal experience of the future specialist acquires the species identity in various sectors of individual’s activity, and therefore there is a problem of disclosing the specific manifestation of the activity-based activities, including the musical and educational, vocational, pedagogic, and artistic activities. The content of practical training of students in high school is substantiated. One of the important factors that will ensure the efficiency of formation of the action-based and practical experience component of the future music teachers is professional and creative activity, which is considered to be condition and the result of musical and educational activities, and provides an unusual approach and creative solution of professional tasks. All educational qualification levels in the structure of training of the future music teacher involve the teaching practice, the content, forms and methods of which largely determine the efficiency of formation of the action-based and practical experience component for students and their subsequent adaptation to the profession. To enhance the students’ activity, the use of an active dialogue, the role play, analysis of problem situations, educational research, and special creative exercises in the music and teaching practice is of great importance. Practice in terms of a high school serves as a test of the future teacher’s professional skills and, on the other side, it is an essential step in the formation of pedagogical skills, their manifestation in the personal educational activities. The pedagogical guidance of the process of forming an action-based and practical component in the structure of professional and personal experience of the future professionals provides for creation of optimal conditions for proactive actor, so it could deliberately and profoundly acquires a certain level of experience. Improvement of the quality of vocational and practical training of the future music teacher is provided by the use of such learning principles as continuity of pedagogic education, democratization, focus on creative work and unique personality of each specialist, and provision of differentiated and individual creative approach to its formation in high school.

MEDIA DIDACTIC SUPPORT OF THE PROCESS OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING

The article reveals the essence of media didactic support of future primary school teachers’ foreign language training. It consists in providing students with methodological support in order to form their foreign language communicative competence through completeing tasks, solving professional and life situations. Media didactic support guids in creating a foreign language communicative environment, which provides clearly defined tasks (situations, instructions) within the subject of the discipline of the foreign language unit and ways to analyze, evaluate foreign media, create own ones and perform manual actions using media tools. The paper presents some elements of the author's media didactic support of future primary school teachers’ foreign language training in the content of foreign language disciplines, which testify to the diversity of future primary school teachers’ foreign language training with didactic tools, methods and forms of foreign language teaching. Applying theoretical research methods (analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization, synthesis and specification), emphasis is placed on aspects of media didactics development in the process of future primary school teachers’ foreign language training, which allows integration of future school teachers’ foreign language communicative competence and their media literacy. It is established that alongside with traditional methods of foreign language teaching (conversation, explanation, demonstration, etc.) innovative ones are being actively used (the usage of computer programs, the usage of mobile applications, creative tasks, webquest, filming, audio recording, analysis of problem situations and others). Media tools (digital images and photos, collages, comics, screenshots, websites, blogs, infographics, clusters, audio recordings, podcasts, cartoons, audiobooks, online dictionaries, social networks, mobile applications for others) expand the didactic tools of foreign language teaching.

Features of methodological activity of a modern medical university teacher

The article discusses changes in the methodological activities of a modern university teacher due to the emergence of new formats for organizing higher medical education and use of modern teaching methods in the educational process; describes the methods that allow to prepare the student for communication with a real patient and form the ability to carry out a critical analysis of problem situations; presents an analysis of the results of a study devoted to the search for new forms of professional development for a teacher working at the Almazov Center.

Problems of ensuring the competitiveness of the region in the conditions of COVID-19

Research background: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its global consequences, a fundamentally different economic environment arises, which requires the use of new approaches to the formation of the economic policy of the region and the identification of new ways to ensure the global competitiveness of the region. Territories are beginning to compete for previously unclaimed resources, as well as use new methods of promotion and positioning. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this work is to identify new economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, as well as to assess the impact of these conditions on the effectiveness of the economic policy of the region and the applied promotion and positioning strategy. Methods: The methods of this study are determined by the increasing level of uncertainty of regional development processes, which requires the adaptation of analysis tools. The work uses matrix and hierarchical research methods that allow for a qualitative analysis of problem situations. Findings & Value added: The research carried out made it possible to identify and systematize the main characteristics of the new economic environment and assess its impact on the applied development strategy of the region, which guarantees a higher probability of achieving strategic competitiveness. The novelty of the study lies also in the recognition of the mobilization effect of “forced digitalization”, while in the context of a pandemic, this mobilization was based on stable (stereotypical) interaction practices.

THE THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MODEL OF SELF-RESPECT FORMATION IN THE STUDENT AGE

The article substantiates theoretically a model of self-respect formation in the student age. The complex restructuring of psychological functions takes place in the student age, the whole personality structure is changed, because students enter into new, wider and more diverse social relations. The attention is focused on the fact that self-respect in student age can be formed taking into accounts various psychological directions and approaches. The ideas of the personality-oriented approach were defined as fundamental for this formation. According to the personality-oriented approach each student is a unique personality, characterized by specific behavior, peculiarities of thinking, feelings, sustainable positive motivation. The most effective for students’ self-respect formation could be the psychological directions, such as cognitive-behavioral, analytical psychology, logotherapy, psychosynthesis. We defined that self-respect is researched on the basis of main factors and conditions, both external and internal, effecting its appearance and development. The psychological condition of self-respect formation is development of self-image; self-attitude “to oneself as to another”; self-estimation based on the accumulated communicative experience; the desire for high appreciation of one’s achievements by others; positive interaction with “significant others”; positive motivation; highly realized own potential; the need of success in any activity.   We suggested and substantiated the model of effective correctional-developing work to form self-respect in the student age. The model included the following techniques for individual and group work: mini-lectures, group discussion, writing stories, fairy tales, project drawing, analysis of problem situations, building 3D situational models, workshops, video fragments, individual consultations, descriptive method. &nbsp

Aprendizagem baseada em problemas e modelagem de processos no ensino de sistemas de informação

Nas metodologias ativas de aprendizagem é comum o uso da resolução de problemas como estratégias de ensino, visando promover a aprendizagem significativa. Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar o uso da modelagem de processos como recurso didático no ensino baseado em análise de situações-problemas, as quais requerem soluções de sistemas de informação. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado em um relato de experiência vivenciado em uma disciplina de graduação. A estratégia de ensino adotada na disciplina baseou-se no método de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. Na referida disciplina, os alunos analisam situações-problemas reais, interagindo com usuários de processos que requerem soluções de sistemas de informação. Utilizou-se uma abordagem que envolve modelar o estado atual de processos, identificar pontos de melhoria e propor soluções de sistemas de informação em modelagens que representem o estado futuro dos processos. Como resultado do estudo, são descritos alguns dos processos que foram analisados durante a disciplina. O estudo indica o potencial de aplicabilidade da modelagem de processos para a análise de situações problemas em disciplinas de graduação em diferentes áreas de conhecimento.

Level characteristic of formation of didactic and practical abilities and skills of future special teachers to work in the conditions of educational inclusive space

The article describes the levels of formation of didactic and practical skills of future special educators to work in an inclusive educational environment. The draft higher education standard of Ukraine is characterized for the first (bachelor's) level, bachelor's degree, in the field of knowledge 01 Education, specialties 016 Special education. It is possible to optimize the process of formation of the professional readiness of special educators for work in an inclusive educational space by including new disciplines in the curriculum, using innovative monitoring and educational technologies, which will increase the interest of special educators in activities in an inclusive educational space, and the formation of skills for independent knowledge accumulation and professional use.We have developed experimental tasks for each of the identified criteria indicators in order to ascertain the level of readiness of future correctional teachers to work in inclusive educational institutions. These are such tasks: tests (on readiness for innovative activity, purposefulness, etc.), analysis of problem situations, storytelling, discussions, reports on the scientific and practical seminar “Trends in the development of inclusive education”, round table “Exchange of work experience”, pedagogical games Methodology of work in inclusion, Who is better?, analysis of problem pedagogical situations and so on.The analysis of the research results allowed us to conclude, that it is necessary to develop didactic knowledge and practical skills of correctional teachers to work in an inclusive educational environment. The study allowed to determine the features of the preparation of special educators for work in an inclusive educational space.The study allowed to determine the features of the preparation of future correctional teachers for work in an inclusive educational space. Among them: insufficient motivation to work in inclusive institutions, emotional instability; the lack of systematic didactic and practical training of future correctional teachers for work in inclusive classes, the substantial limitations of the modules of academic disciplines that do not contain the bases of didactic and practical training of future correctional teachers for work in an educational inclusive space, insufficient material and technical support, etc

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ КОНТЕКСТНОГО ПІДХОДУ В ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ДО ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ОСНОВНІЙ ШКОЛІ

Introduction. The substantiation of the basic methodological principles of the context approach in the system for training of future Physical Education teachers for health and wellbeing activities at secondary school is of particular importance for improving the quality of modern physical education. Purpose. To determine the essence of context approach in training of future Physical Education teachers for health and wellbeing activities at secondary school. Methods. Literature analysis, the methods of mathematical statistics, “Excel” electronic tables. Results. Questionnaire results show the relevance of implementing modern educational technologies in the educational process of higher schools and point out that a large proportion of the interviewed teachers do not use context learning such as problem situations, business and educational games, and case technologies when working with students. Training system of future Physical Education teachers for health and wellbeing activities at secondary school that is built on the key points of context approach, should provide the close interrelation of educational and professional activity. The implementation of context approach requires providing content context of the future profession on health and wellbeing in different forms of educational activity; complex realization of general pedagogical and specific principles of physical training; adaptation of the system of preparation to specific conditions of training and contingent of future Physical Education teachers; ensuring the interrelation between the forms and methods of context learning; introduction of such variants of problem-based learning as case technology, case study, the analysis of problem situations, the analysis of specific production situations, etc. Conclusion. The context approach has significant potential concerning the readiness formation of future Physical Education teachers for health and wellbeing activity at secondary school. Key words: context approach, professional training, health and wellbeing, Physical Education teacher, secondary school.

Дети деревенских мигрантов в Китае: исследование проблем социализации

The research analyzes the social challenges of internal migration in modern China. The primary focus is on left-behind children («留守儿童»), i.e. children of rural migrants moving to cities because of work. The author summarizes Chinese sociological studies dealing with the analysis of problem situations in this regard. In particular, the paper describes the pivotal approaches of social and demographic scientists to considering the issue of left-behind children and structuring this social group. Besides, it presents current statistical data and typical case studies. The emphasis is placed on arranging custody and socialization of children whose parents have to leave to work in urban areas. Regardless of the analytical approach or methodology, the researchers conclude that children of rural migrants are vulnerable. The reasons for this situation imply the imbalance in their socialization and maldistribution of resources between urban and rural regions. When the Chinese society faces the increase in the percentage of rural migrants, families moving to cities, it is significant to provide social surveys of their children since the future of a child is the pivotal family interest and the main migration factor of parents. Nowadays, the problem of left-behind children is the priority for Chinese economic sociology and rural sociology as it reflects the need to develop and take prompt measures to adjust social policies.

PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH TERNAK SAPI PERAH DAN PUPUK ORGANIK AMPAS BIOGAS KERING

Kemiri is a village in Malang located on the border of the District Malang with Pasuruan region. Most of the people are farmers lading and maintain dairy cows as their daily work. Impurities cause waste that pollute the environment in the form of odor and contaminate soil and water. Cow dung Colly contains toxins and bacteria that endanger human health and the environment. The results of the survey team IbM and analysis of problem situations faced by Partner IbM, very urgent and need help are as follows: (1) Waste cow manure Partners cause environmental pollution, (2) Lack of energy for cooking are still using firewood and LPG subsidy (3 Kg) that it is still heavy, (3) Not understanding Biogas manufacturing technology and lack of capital. (4) Expensive and scarce chemical fertilizer in the field, (5) the limitations of materials and equipment manufacture organic fertilizer. On the basis of the measures to solve the problem is (1) Holding Extension of cleanliness, making biogas and organic fertilizer packaging of the pulp biogas (bioslurry), (2) Preparation of tank biogas (digester) type Fixed Dome made of brick or concrete, and their installations and equipment up to the utilization / operations, (3) dry Organic Fertilizer Production packaging 25 Kg of bioslurry. Thus, the target output or outcome in Service program is the biogas as a source of energy / fuel for IBM partners fund and organic fertilizer packaging 25 Kg as a substitute for chemical fertilizers and unnatural.

Analiza problemów przestrzennych Lwowa – podejście strukturalne

Autor zaproponował użycie strukturalnego podejścia do analizy problematycznych przypadków w projektowaniu urbanistycznym i w procesie kierowania miastem. W tym celu zastosował pięciowymiarowy model przestrzeni zurbanizowanej, który ocenia relacje i współdziałania między wymiarami (L – ludzki, F – funkcji, X – warunków, G – geometryczny i T – czasu). Ocena poszczególnych wymiarów i współdziałań daje możliwość usystematyzowania problemów, określenia analizy przyczyn ich powstania i analizę rozwoju, co w końcowym etapie ułatwi podejmowanie decyzji naprawczych. Zaproponowane narzędzie metodologiczne zastosowano na przykładzie Lwowa.

Подход к обучению стратегии анализа неструктурированных педагогических проблемных ситуаций

The work describes the training of future teachers with approximate basis of action on unstructured pedagogical problem situation analysis. Training is built on the basis of problem training in combination with the system-activity approach and the technology of step-by-step formation of mental actions. The empirical research involved graduate students from 10 diff erent postgraduate schools of the Higher School of Economics, past pedagogical practice, future teachers of higher education. The experiment shows that the content of knowledge on the composition and structure of steps which are to be implemented in order to analyze unstructured problems are the external cause of enhancing the eff ectiveness of the unstructured problem solving in number and categorical diversity of developed solutions.

The model of creation of energy-saving competence of students of high school

This article considers the most important conditions for the creationof energy-saving competence of students – undergraduate training. The actualityof the problem is caused by low energy efficiency of industrial production, significantly reduces the competitiveness of the domestic economy and, consequently, the need to intensify activities on the rational use of energy resources. The definition of energy-saving expertise, marked its structural components (value-motivational, cognitive activity-reflexive). Stages of creationof energy-saving expertise in system of continuous vocational training: diagnosis, motivation, learning and reflective-evaluative. The possibilities of educational technology and psycho designed to work with the psychological barriers and resistance to the process of regulation of energy consumption, the production facilities at its energy efficiency and energy saving. In particular, it is recommended to use active learning methods (discussion, games, analysis of problem situations, etc.), Information and communication technologies for the implementation of educational and research projects in the field of energy conservation, the development and implementation of interactive multimedia learning environments.