Albumin Denaturation Assay Research Articles

Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Thrombolytic Properties of Cleisomeria lanatum (Lindl.) Lindl. ex G. Don.

For the first time, Cleisomeria lanatum (family: Orchidaceae) has been investigated for its phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic properties. All phytochemicals studied were identified in varying degrees during qualitative screening. In quantitative screening, a maximum of 106.02 ± 0.08 mg/g alkaloids (root), 179.67 ± 8.83 mg/g phenols (stem), 17.34 ± 0.88 mg/g flavonoids (stem), 73.67 ± 1.76 mg/g tannins (stem), and 180.04 ± 0.02 μg/mL proteins (root) were detected. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic properties were investigated using a free-radical scavenging assay, heat-induced albumin denaturation assay, and blood clotting inhibition assay. The root extracts had the most effective antioxidant (IC50 = 67.98 μg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 60.86 μg/mL) properties, whereas the stem extracts had the most effective thrombolytic property (IC50 = 163.8 μg/mL). The bioactivities studied also had a significant positive relationship (r = 0.9; p < 0.05) with the amount of phenolics and tannins.

Supplementation of Biscuit with Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein Enhanced Its in-vitro Antioxidative, Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory Properties

ABSTRACT Biscuit was supplemented with Moringa oleifera seed protein concentrate at 2, 4 and 6%. Compared to the control sample (100% wheat biscuit), supplementation resulted in improved antioxidative properties – DPPH (40–51%) against 31% (control), hydroxyl radical (45–70%) against 30% (control), metal ion chelation (42–54%) against 40% (control), ABTS (0.009–0.013 mmol/g against 0.007 mmol/g (control) but reduced FRAP (2.81–6.68 mg/g) against 8.2 mg/g (control). The in vitro antidiabetic properties showed that the supplemented biscuit had a range of 39 to 57% inhibition against α-glucosidase against 30% (control) and 1.81 to 24.25% inhibition against α-amylase against (1.65%). Supplementation with mspc also showed better potential to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Anti-inflammatory properties evaluated through the inhibition of albumin denaturation and anti-hemolytic assays showed that enrichment with mspc is safe. It was concluded that supplementing biscuit with mspc is safe and may provide enhanced antioxidative, anti-inflammatory as well as inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous activities of ethanol and hexane extracts of Urochloa ramosa

Urochloa ramosa is known for its environmental benefits such as stabilization and reclamation of polluted soils, in agriculture to control root-knot nematodes infecting crops, in medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, duodenal ulcer, hyperglycemia, nephritis and snake bites. Qualitative analyses of phytochemicals in ethanol and hexane extracts were performed by standard methods. In vitro anti-microbial assay was performed against gram positive bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. Hexane extract of Urochloa ramosa was found to be 70% effective against Candida albicans indicating potent antifungal property. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibition activity assay and membrane stabilization assay using various concentrations of extracts with Aspirin and Diclofenac sodium as standard. Heat induced protein denaturation was considerably prevented by ethanol and hexane extract at concentrations between 200-500 µg/ml resulting in 60 and 62% inhibition respectively. Heat induced haemolysis of erythrocyte was remarkably inhibited (59 and 68 % respectively) at concentration of 500 µg/ml. 62 and 65 % Hypotonicity induced haemolysis was also inhibited between concentration of 300-500 µg/ml in both extracts respectively. Inhibition of formation of new blood vessels by Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay proved anti-angiogenic effects of extracts. Purification, characterization and structural elucidation of bioactive molecules present in ethanol and hexane extracts are needed to be explored further for assessment of better biological activites than crude extract.

A Survey of the Bio-activity of the Fruit Rind of Kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus)

Background: Kiwano, commonly called horned melon is a common fruit consumed in the tropics for its nutritional and therapeutic value. This study evaluated the composition of some bioactive compounds in the rind of the fruit as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects using in vitro methods.&#x0D; Methods: The rind of the fruits of kiwano were peeled out, pulverized and extracted with 80% ethanol. The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenol, flavonoid, beta carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH, iron reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Ascorbic acid served as the standard. The anti-inflammatory property was measured in-vitro using anti-proteinase activity, inhibition of albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assay systems. Aspirin and diclofenac served as reference drugs&#x0D; Results: Phenol and flavonoids were the bioactive compounds found in higher concentration than the rest with concentrations of 261.73±13.54 and 130.86±9.66 mgGAE/ml of the dry matter respectively. In the antioxidant assay, the highest activity of more than 50% was recorded in DPPH assay. The maximum percentage radical scavenging activity of the extract was 76.74% at 800 µg/ml with a drop in activity at 1000 µg/ml (75.02%) and EC50 value of 230 µg/ml. Ascorbic acid exhibited 96.35% scavenging activity of radicals at 1000 µg/ml and EC50 value of 260 µg/ml. For the anti-inflammatory assay, the extract exhibited 16.43% anti-proteinase activity, 25.64% inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis activity and 47.14% inhibition of albumin denaturation activity at 1000 µg/ml. More than 50% activity was recorded for the reference drugs.&#x0D; Conclusion: We therefore conclude that the rind of the fruit of kiwano is rich in biologically active compounds and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The rind is a potential source of therapeutic compounds.

Investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of leaves ethanolic extracts of Cedruslibani and Pinusbrutia

This investigation aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Cedruslibani and Pinusbrutia leaves. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by Human Red Blood Cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay and Albumin denaturation assay using Sodium diclofenac as a positive control. To evaluate the analgesic property, formalin and tail flick tests were carried out using ethanolic extracts at a dose of 30 mg/kg and gel containing 2% (w/v) of ethanolic extract of each plant. Diclofenac sodium, diclofenac gel 1% and lidocaine gel 2 % were used as positive controls. ResultsThe effect of inhibiting hemolysis was observed at concentrations (2.5–12.5) μg/ml for P. brutia, and (2.5–25) μg/ml for C. libani. Moreover, albumin denaturation test showed protection effect for both plant extracts with IC50 of 47.74 and 81.50 μg/ml for C. libani and P. brutia extract, consecutively. In Formalin test, both extracts could significantly reduce paw licking time, and in tail flick test, each plant extract gel showed greater efficacy than diclofenac gel by calculating the maximum possible effect (MPE %) for both extracts and Diclofenac. ConclusionWe concluded that both extracts showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity at different concentrations when compared to standard drug of diclofenac as well as analgesic activity in formalin and tail flick tests.

Evaluation of bioactive compound content, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of the seed of Cucumis metuliferus fruit

Cucumis metuliferus commonly called Kiwano is a well-known plant in the middle belt area of Nigeria. It is consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study evaluated the bioactive compound content, In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract of the seed of Cucumis metuliferus fruit. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, iron reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation tests. Ascorbic acid served as standard. The anti-inflammatory activity at concentration of 200-1000 µg/ml was measured In-vitro using anti-proteinase activity, membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay systems. Aspirin and diclofenac were used as reference drugs. The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenol, flavonoid, beta carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid. From the result, the seed extract contains phenol (149.40±9.93 mgGAE/g), flavonoids (97.84±2.84 mgCE/g), beta carotene (0.110±0.001 mg/g), lycopene (0.085±0.001 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (0.190±0.028 mgAA/g). In the antioxidant assays, the antioxidant activities were dependent on the concentration. At lower concentrations, the seed extract displayed higher activity in all the assays compared with the standard. The DPPH scavenging and lipid inhibition abilities of the seed were more potent with lower IC50 while the reductive potential of the standard was better. From the anti-inflammatory assays, the seed extract exhibited anti-proteinase activity of 0-8.78%, membrane stabilization (inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis) activity of 5.13-20.51% and percent inhibition of albumin denaturation of 0.78-16.15%. These results showed that ethanol extract of Cucumis metuliferus seed contains bioactive compounds which are beneficial to health and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities.

Chemical, Biological &amp; Pharmacological Investigations of Different Fractional Extracts of Passiflora edulis Sims. (Family: Passifloraceae)

In the evaluation of antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity of ethanol, chloroform &amp; n-hexane extracts of P. edulis was tested against 10 bacteria at concentrations of 500µg/disc. Standard antibiotic disc of Azithromycin (30 µg/disc) was used for the comparison. The extracts showed no activity against gm (+ve) &amp; gm (-ve) bacteria at a concentration of 500 µg/disc. Antifungal activity of ethanol, chloroform &amp; n-hexane extracts of P. edulis was tested against 7 fungi at concentrations of 500µg/disc. Standard antifungal disc of Fluconazole (30 µg/disc) was used for the comparison. In antifungal screening the chloroform extract showed activity against A. fumigatus (15nm). In DPPH scavenging assay the ethanol extract of leaves showed maximum % inhibition of 73.41% at 100μg/ml while the standard ascorbic acid showed % inhibition of 82.14% at the same concentration. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased by increasing the concentration of the sample extract. The extract exhibited considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity as indicated by their IC50 values which indicate the potency of scavenging activity. Standard ascorbic acid was found to have an IC50 of 1.66μg/ml. In comparison to standard ascorbic acid, ethanol extract of P. edulis showed of an IC50 of 2.57μg/ml. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity by albumin denaturation assay method, the percent inhibition of protein denaturation in the experiment of ethanol extract of leaves of P. edulis was found to be 55.454% at 500μg/ml, 49.818% at 250μg/ml and 41.818% at 125μg/ml. The extract possesses significant activity comparable with that of the standard acetyl salicylic acid which showed percent inhibition of protein denaturation of 91.945%, 88.181% and 45.454% in the same concentration range. In this analgesic activity study using Eddy’s hot plate method in mice, the ethanol extract of P. edulis showed mild analgesic activity. After 30 minutes of administration of standard drug (Diclofenac 9 mg/kg), mean latency was found to be 17.34sec. While the extract at concentration of 400 mg/kg exposed mean latency of 6.67sec. Respectively. During antipyretic activity by Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia method in mice, the ethanol extract of leaves of P. edulis produced moderate antipyretic activity. In this test, the extract reduced temperature from 102.4°F to 99.84°F (p=0.151188), 98.74°F (p=0.070485), 98.6℉ (p=0.056108), 98.37℉ (p=0.039072) and 98.27°F (p=0.110528) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th hour respectively and caused maximum reduction of temperature in 1st hour. During antidiarrhoeal activity by castor oil induced test in mice, the ethanol extract of P. edulis produced moderate antidiarrheal episode. The latent period and the total diarrheic faces were found to be 0.978 hr &amp; 8.34 at 500 mg/kg for P. edulis as compared to standard (Loperamide 3mg/kg) 2.845 hr &amp; 5.34. In the sedative and hypnotic activity by using open field box, hole cross box and swing Test method on swiss albino mice ethanol extract of P. edulis showed moderate sedative and hypnotic activity. During the open field test, squares crossed by the group receiving standard Diazepam and ethanol extract of leaves of P. edulis were 63 and 84.34 respectively. During the swing test, number of swings observed after administration of standard Diazepam and ethanol extract of leaves of P. edulis were 3.67 and 8.67 respectively. During diuretic activity by using the Lipschitz test in mice, ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform extracts of P. edulis (500mg/kg body wt.) showed no activity compared to standard drug Furosemide (20mg/kg body wt.)

Contemporary uses of old folks: the immunomodulatory and toxic potential of fenbufen

Fenbfen is used for pain, pyrexia and in the management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. The present research was planned to examine the immunomodulatory activity of fenbufen in different models of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity (HI). The CMI was evaluated by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia assays while HI was appraised by hemagglutination (HA) assay by administering fenbufen at 2, 6 and 10 mg.kg-1 and azathioprine 40 mg.kg-1 (as standard therapy) to albino mice by intraperitoneal route. The ex vivo immunomodulatory action was determined by red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays. The results showed that fenbufen treatment had significantly (p&lt;0.05-p&lt;0.001) reduced white blood cells, hemoglobin content, and red blood cells in the healthy and neutropenic mice. A significant (p&lt;0.001) reduction in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione contents, and enhancement of malondialdehyde level were observed in neutropenic mice that were restored by fenbufen treatment. It suppressed DTH reaction after 24, 48 and 72 h post topical application of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Fenbufen or azathioprine treated groups also showed a significant reduction in the antibody titer against human RBCs induced immune activation in mice as compared to the disease control mice. Fenbufen showed IC50 of 14.0, 50.5 and 66.2 μg.ml-1 whereas, diclofenac sodium showed IC50 of 61.0, 126 and 50.5 μg/ml in RBCs membrane stabilization, egg albumin and bovine serum albumin denaturation assays respectively. The current study shows that fenbufen might have potential immunomodulatory activity against CMI and HI. It can be utilized to treat immune system disorders.

Preparation of Herbal Formulation of Stevia and Piper Longum and its Antiinflammatory and Cytotoxic Effect

AIM: The aim of the study was to prepare the herbal formulation of stevia and the piper longum nanoparticle and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Materials and Methods: For the evaluation of antiinflammatory activity we used albumin denaturation assay and for the cytotoxic activity we used a brine shrimp lethality assay and evaluated the result according to the test results and the graph was made with the results Result : The nanoparticle of stevia and piper longum showed a marked anti inflammatory and cytotoxic activity with increased in their concentrations Conclusion: Stevia and piper longum nanoparticle markedly increase the anti inflammatory and cytotoxic activity compared to the standard and should be employed as a formulations

In-vitro Evaluation of Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Bio-synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Endemic Medicinal Plant Species&amp;lt;i&amp;gt; Terminalia pallida&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

<i>Background:</i> The Seshachalam hill ranges of Eastern Ghats are known for their endemic flora. There were seven endemic species situated here in which present plant species <i>Terminalia pallida (T. pallida</i>) is one, this Endemic semi-tree species has a great medicinal value; at the same time, due to the presence of different types of secondary metabolites, they easily form nanoparticles and exhibit certain high-quality characteristics after being combined with noble metals like silver. <i>Objective:</i> These Silver Nanoparticles (SNPs) display peculiar characteristics in their nano level which shows more effectiveness compared to their raw extracts, with negligible side effects. The present work shows <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging assay) and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of albumin denaturation) applications of SNPs synthesized from leaf, bark, and fruit extracts. <i>Method: </i>Antioxidant activity was carried out by Burits and Bucar method with slight changes and about anti-inflammatory (inhibition of albumin denaturation) assay was carried out by Dunnet method. <i>Result: </i>In these experiments, the results obtained were positive. The result, when compared among the three parts, showed more positive results in antioxidant assay SNPs synthesized from fruit, and dominated results in the anti-inflammatory test SNPs synthesized from the bark. <i>Conclusion: </i>By studying the applications of SNPs it is confirmed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are helpful in the production of various medicines hence SNPs can be recommended ingredients for biomedicine.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple) Plant‐Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activity

This study sought to evaluate the added advantage of mediating ZnO nanostructures with a medicinal plant. The synthesized ZnO nanocrystalline structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and characterized through scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. The antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of the ZnO nanostructure mediated with methanol extracts of the leaf, fruit, and seed of Chrysophyllum albidum were then evaluated using DPPH assay, egg albumin denaturation assay, and agar well diffusion methods, respectively. All the characterization analyses revealed high‐purity hexagonal‐shaped ZnO nanoparticles which were agglomerated. The mean diameter of the particles determined were 11.3 ± 1.7 nm, 20.4 ± 3.2 nm, and 27.3 ± 6.6 nm for C. albidum seed, fruit, and leaf extract‐mediated ZnO NPs, respectively. The EC50 values recorded for the antioxidant activity of the extract‐mediated ZnO NPs were 0.507 ± 0.015, 0.255 ± 0.006, 0.193 ± 0.003, and 0.004 ± 0.000 mg/mL for leaf, fruit, seed, and ascorbic acid, respectively. From the antimicrobial analysis, C. albidum seed extract‐mediated ZnO NPs recorded the highest zone of inhibition (24.33 ± 0.47) against S. aureus whereas C. albidum leaf extract‐mediated ZnO NPs gave the lowest zone of inhibition (13.00 ± 1.41) against E. coli at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Moreover, C. albidum fruit extract‐mediated ZnO NPs presented the highest zone of inhibition (18.00 ± 0.82) against the fungus (C. albicans) also at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The IC50 values recorded for the anti‐inflammatory activity of the extract‐mediated ZnO NPs showed inhibition in the order fruit &gt; seed &gt; leaf. Meanwhile, extracts of the samples showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides as phytochemical constituents in the leaf, fruit, and seed samples. In conclusion, the synthesized ZnO NPs from the extracts of C. albidum displayed significant antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities against some selected microbes and fungi.

Boerhavia diffusa Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles and their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Introduction: Boerhavia diffusa belongs to species of flowering plant which is commonly called as *punarnava*. Its leaves are used as green leafy vegetables, with its high anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties selenium particles are synthesised. Selenium particles are used as nutritional supplements and an anti-microbial coating. Selenium (Se) was found to have anti-inflammatory properties, but its bioavailability and toxicity are limiting factors considerably.&#x0D; Aim: To find the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Boerhavia diffusa mediated selenium nanoparticles&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 1 gm of Boerhaavia diffusawas added to 100 ml of distilled water and allowed to boil for 10-15 minutes at 70 degree celsius and filtered. 60 ml of 20 milli molar sodium selenite is prepared in 250 ml of conical flask, 40 ml of filtered plant extract was mixed to it. The synthesized nanoparticle was preliminarily analysed using UV visible spectroscopy. Prior to the final step the nanoparticle solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm to prepare nanoparticle pellet powder, it was dried in a hot air oven at 80 degree celsius. The dried powder was sent for characterisation. The leftover nanoparticle solution extract was sent to evaluate antioxidant activity through DPPH assay and anti-inflammatory activity through albumin denaturation assay.&#x0D; Results: Selenium nanoparticles were achieved from boerhavia diffusa plant extract, which was evident with its significant colour change in the cultivation medium. The final centrifuge was found to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.&#x0D; Conclusion: The selenium nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Boerhaavia diffusa were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study concludes that extract bound selenium nanoparticles had potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore selenium nanoparticles may provide a great implication in the later studies for its potential activity.

Antioxidant and Anti Inflammatory Activity of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Red Tea

Background: Recently, nanoparticles have been playing a pivotal role in modern material development. Nanotechnology has provided great possibilities in various fields of science and technology. The antioxidant characteristics of Aspalathus linearis, also known as rooibos, include antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral capabilities.&#x0D; Aim: To determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of copper nanoparticles synthesized using red tea.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Preparation of the red tea extract, synthesis of copper nanoparticles, preparation of nanoparticles powder and then antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles were analysed. Antioxidant activity and anti- inflammatory activity was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay. The standard used was diclofenac sodium in various concentrations.&#x0D; Results: The formation of copper nanoparticles was indicated by the peak found in the spectroscopy. Copper nanoparticles synthesized using red tea showed highest absorbance at a concentration of 50μl (82%) when it was subjected to DPPH assay to check for its antioxidant property at a wavelength of about 517 nm. Copper nanoparticles synthesized using red tea showed highest absorbance at a concentration of 50μl (92.2%) when it was subjected to inhibition of albumin denaturation assay to analyse for its anti-inflammatory activity at a wavelength of about 660 nm.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study suggests that red tea mediated copper nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. It can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of red tea is not as efficient as Diclofenac but it can be more efficient when it’s concentration is raised to safe levels and anti-inflammatory activity of red tea is as efficient as Diclofenac.

In vitro Anti Inflammatory Activity of Abies webbiana Using Albumin Denaturation Assay

Background: In ayurveda, many natural plant components are used to treat inflammatory conditions for centuries with less side effects. Different parts of Abies webbiana plant are used in ayurveda for many diseases. However, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate pharmacological effects of Abies webbiana.&#x0D; Aim: The objective of this in vitro study was to analyse and compare the anti-inflammatory properties of A. webbiana at various concentrations using albumin denaturation assay.&#x0D; Methodology: A ready made powder of A. webbiana was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and boiled for 10 mins the extract was obtained by filtration. The anti-inflammatory activity was done using albumin denaturation assay and Diclofenac sodium was used as a positive control. Serial dilution from 10 µL, 20 µL, 30 µL, 40 µL and 50 µL was performed for A. webbiana and the reference drug reaction mixture was prepared for albumin denaturation assay. All the data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 23 (IBM). Unpaired t test was used for comparison with the positive control and one-way Anova followed by Tukey’s post hoc test were used for the comparison between different concentrations.&#x0D; Results: The current study revealed that A. webbiana extract had potent anti-inflammatory activity at all the tested concentrations but was significantly lesser when compared to the standard (p&lt;0.05). It was also evident that the absorbance rate of A. webbiana significantly increased with the increase in concentration of the extract (p&lt;0.05). However, the absorbance rate at 50 µL of both standard and A. webbiana were almost similar.&#x0D; Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present findings that the leaves of A. webbiana possess concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory property but is comparatively lesser than Diclofenac sodium.

Abies webbiana Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Anti-inflammatory Activity

Introduction: Green nanoparticle synthesis provides a number of advantages, including being environmentally friendly, taking less time, being less expensive, being more stable, and, most significantly, not requiring the use of harmful chemicals.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of zinc oxide [ZnO] nanoparticles prepared using Abies webbiana extract.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were characterised using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay using A. webbiana extract.&#x0D; Results: The biosynthesised ZnO particles exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity to inhibit COX activity. ZnO nanoparticles can be developed as a novel medicine and can be used as an alternative to commercially available anti-inflammatory agents, thus reducing the major health problems.&#x0D; Conclusion: Using A.webbiana extract, the findings suggest a cost-effective and environmentally friendly production of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles mediated by A. webbiana showed promising properties. More investigations are required to understand the properties of these nanoparticles, which have a wide range of medical and dental applications.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cassia auriculata Flower Extract

Introduction: Medicinal plants have provided recent medicines with numerous plant derived therapeutic agents. Avaram is extremely valued in Indian medicines for management of painful inflammation and diabetes. The target of this study was to measure the anti-inflammatory potential of Cassia auriculata flowers extract. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity and membrane stabilization at different concentrations. Aspirin and Voltaren were used as standard drugs. The share of inhibition was compared with those of normal drugs&#x0D; Materials and Methods: BSA and EAA assay was used to test the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extract. Cassia auriculata were purchased commercially from an herbal health centre in Chennai. The obtained powder Cassia auriculata is stored in an airtight container. 5 gram of powder is mixed with 50 ml of ethanol and kept in the orbital shaker for 72 hours, after it has boiled in a heating mantle at 62- 70 degree c for 5-10 min. The extract is filtered using whatman filter paper 1. The filter extract again contracted using heating mantle.&#x0D; Results: The extract shows very good antiinflammatory activity for the Cassia auriculata extract by using BSA and EAA Assay.&#x0D; Conclusion: The antiinflammatory activity of Cassia auriculata ethanolic extract preparation was effective.

Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Mucuna pruriens

Introduction: The genus Mucuna, belonging to the Fabaceae family, sub family Papilionaceae, includes approximately 150 species of annual and perennial legumes. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications.Various studies have been done in this topic like determining the efficacies of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Other studies have suggested that Obtaining biopeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis adds value to proteins of vegetative origin, such as Mucuna pruriens L. Thus it evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion of protein derivatives obtained from M. pruriens L. Although a lot of studies have been done on Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its various activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti diabetic, there are not many studies in the area of checking anti inflammatory and antioxidant activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens The aim of this study is to observe the antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A titanium dioxide nanoparticle is synthesised using Mucuna pruriens, extract used to perform albumin denaturation assays and DPPH method, where % zone of inhibition increases as the concentration of nanoparticles increases.&#x0D; Results: The Mucuna pruriens medicated titanium dioxide nanoparticle has positive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study concluded that Mucuna pruriens mediated copper nanoparticle has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at its high concentration which is nearer to that of the standard drugs.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Pterocarpus santalinus

Introduction: Inflammation is a biochemical response of the immune system that can be caused by a wide range of factors, including bacteria, infected cells and toxic substances.Pterocarpus Santalinus L. f. (Fabaceae) is most commonly referred to as red sandalwood in English, but it also has several common names in many languages , The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of Pterocarpus Santalinus.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The plant extract was prepared and then the selenium nanoparticles were further synthesized. This has been regularly found in UV-vis spectrophotometers. This assay has the potential to calculate extracts by adding hydrogen to DPPH radicals. Pterocarpus Santalinus at different concentrations measured by the inhibition of albumin denaturation assay. In recent times, attention has continued to be paid to natural products and drugs as anti-inflammatory, based on reactions with free radicals and other reactive species. Further, increase in the concentration in turn increases the percentage of inhibition.&#x0D; Results: In the present study, it was found that the biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles had potent anti-inflammatory activity.

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, Anti Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuma longa Linn, Cissus quadrangularis and Boerhaavia diffusa Herbal Mixture - An In vitro Study

Background and Aim: Plants play an important role in drug research, and the pharmaceutical industry is heavily reliant on natural products for new drug development. Curcumin, a natural compound contained in the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa Linn., has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in scientific studies. Cissus quadrangularis L. is a fleshy plant that can be found all over the world, especially in Asia, Africa, and a few other warm tropical areas. Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) is present in the tropical regions of India, South America, and Africa. B. diffusa roots are commonly used in Ayurveda to treat various ailments. The aim of the study is to assess the cytotoxic, antioxidant and thrombolytic, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties of the aqua-alcoholic extract of the herbal mixture (Curcuma longa Linn +Cissus quadrangularis +Boerhaavia diffusa )&#x0D; Methods: Aqua-alcoholic extract of mixture of Curcuma longa Linn, Cissus quadrangularis and Boerhaavia diffusa was prepared. Phytochemical in-vitro studies were done using the CCB mixture cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality assay, antioxidant activity by DPPH assay, anti inflammatory activity by albumin denaturation assay, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method, thrombolytic activity by clot lysis assay.&#x0D; Results: The CCB mixture showed good cytotoxic activity at varying concentration in brine shrimp lethality assay, increasing antioxidant activity with DPPH assay, increasing thrombolytic activity, increasing anti inflammatory activity with increasing concentration, the anti microbial activity was not efficient as positive controls.&#x0D; Conclusion: In this in-vitro study the CCB mixture shows improved cytotoxic, antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Further studies on invivo animal and human clinical trials needs to be done.

Comparative Anti Inflammatory Activity of Hexane and Aqueous Extract of Mucuna pruriens

Introduction: Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia. The plant is an annual climbing shrub with long vines that can reach a height of 15 meters in length. Mucuna pruriens belong to the family legume. It is a herbal drug that is used as a medicine for the treatment of male infertility, nervous disorder, and also as an aphrodisiac. It has been shown that it potentially has more medical importance. It causes orange hair that causes a severe itch when in contact with the skin. It releases a protein called mucanain.&#x0D; Aim: To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and hexane extract of Mucuna pruriens.&#x0D; Materials and Methodology: The extract was prepared and the anti-inflammatory effect was done using a UV-Beckmann spectrometer. The anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared using plant extract was investigated by albumin denaturation assay. The results of the test were described as the standard deviation and analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Correlation and analysis were done in SPSS.&#x0D; Results: The hexane solution and aqueous solution of Mucuna pruriens have a high percentage of inhibition at the 30 μl, 40 μl and 50 μl concentration when compared with a standard solution. And hexane has a high percentage of inhibition at 50μl when compared with a standard solution. The obtained data were analyzed using spearman correlation analysis and the non-parametric correlation was statistically significant at p value&lt; 0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: The aqueous and hexane extract of Mucuna pruriens show good anti- inflammatory activity. In that hexane extract has good anti-inflammatory activity when compared with aqueous extract. And it is used for disease. And further research should be done with the action and mechanism of Mucuna pruriens.