Desulfonatronovibrionaceae

Abstract

Abstract De.sul.fo.na.tro.no.vi.bri.o.na.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n. Desulfonatronovibrio , type genus of the family; suff. ‐ aceae , ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Desulfonatronovibrionaceae , the family of Desulfonatronovibrio . Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfonatronovibrionaceae Vibrio‐, spirilla‐, or curved rod‐shaped cells. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile with one polar flagellum or nonmotile. Strict anaerobes. All species possess a respiratory and some an additional fermentative type of metabolism. Chemolithoheterotrophs, chemoorganoheterotrophs, and chemolithoautotrophs, depending on the species. Sulfate and other partially oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Except formate, organic compounds are oxidized to acetate. H 2 plus CO 2 or formate can support growth in the presence or absence of acetate, depending on the species. Chemolithoautotrophic growth on H 2 plus CO 2 , formate, or sulfur disproportionation occurs via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Fermentation of pyruvate might occur. A common feature is the disproportionation of thiosulfate and sulfite, either autotrophically or in the presence of acetate as carbon source. Most members are extremely alkaliphilic; some are alkalitolerant. Obligately dependent on Na + , CO 3 2− , and Cl − in the growth medium. Mesophilic. The family contains two genera, Desulfonatronovibrio and Desulfonatronospira . Occur in anoxic sediments of moderately and hypersaline alkaline soda and chloride‐sulfate continental saline lakes. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 41.8–51.4 (genome, T m ). Type genus: Desulfonatronovibrio Zhilina et al. 1997 VP .