Fundidesulfovibrio

Abstract

Abstract Fun.di.de.sul.fo.vi'brio. L. masc. adj. fundus , the bottom, foundation; N.L. masc. n. Desulfovibrio , a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n. Fundidesulfovibrio , the bottom Desulfovibrio , referring to the origin from a deep subsurface aquifer. Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Fundidesulfovibrio Cells are vibrio shaped, 0.7–0.9 × 2.3–5.6 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs using organic acids such as lactate, pyruvate, fumarate (one species), and malate (one species) as electron donors and carbon sources; these organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Fundidesulfovibrio butyratiphilus can use butyrate, valerate, and 2‐methylbutyrate. Low molecular weight alcohols are also utilized. Patterns of alcohol utilization by the species of the genus for sulfate reduction are consistent with incomplete type of metabolism, and major products depend on the ability of species to utilize fatty acids. H 2 can be used as electron donor in the presence of acetate as organic carbon source (chemolithoheterotrophic growth). For F. butyratiphilus , chemolithoautotrophic growth with H 2 and CO 2 is described. Formate is not used. Sulfate (all species) and often sulfite, thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Desulfoviridin is present. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate, malate (one species), or fumarate (one species). Mesophilic; the optimum temperature for growth is 30–35°C. Neutrophilic; the optimum pH for growth is 7.0–7.1. Media containing a reductant but not NaCl are required for growth. Occurs in anoxic water‐producing wells and sewage sludge plants. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 62.9–63.3 (LC, genome). Type species : Fundidesulfovibrio putealis Waite et al. 2020 VP (basonym: Desulfovibrio putealis Basso et al. 2005).