Solidesulfovibrio

Abstract

Abstract So.li.de.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. L. neut. n. solum , soil. N.L. masc. Desulfovibrio, a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n. Solidesulfovibrio , a Desulfovibrio from the soil. Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Solidesulfovibrio Vibrio‐ or rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–1.6 × 1.5–5.0 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is absent. Stain Gram‐negative. Motile by means of single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both respiratory and fermentative types of metabolism. Chemoorganotrophs, using lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, some species also fumarate, succinate, and malate as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. All species can use various alcohols, which are oxidized to their corresponding carboxylic acids. H 2 can serve as an electron donor in the presence of acetate as an organic carbon source (chemolithoheterotrophic growth) by most species. Formate can be used in the presence of acetate by most species. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fumarate is used as electron donor or acceptor and for fermentation by a few species. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate, malate, or fumarate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature for growth is 29–37°C. Neutrophilic, the optimum pH for growth is 6.8–8.0. NaCl is not required for growth, although some species tolerate high levels. Media containing a reductant are required for growth. Cells usually contain c ‐type cytochromes. All species of the genus Solidesulfovibrio contain desulfoviridin. Occur in anoxic freshwater sediments, soil, sewage sludge plants, rice fields, and aquifers. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 57.2–67.0 ( T m , LC, genome). Type species : Solidesulfovibrio fructosivorans Waite et al. 2020 VP (basonym: Desulfovibrio fructosivorans Ollivier et al. 1988, VL32).