Humidesulfovibrio

Abstract

Abstract Hu.mi.de.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. L. fem. n. humus , the earth, soil; N.L. masc. n. Desulfovibrio , a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n. Humidesulfovibrio , a Desulfovibrio ‐like bacterium from the soil. Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Humidesulfovibrio Cells are vibrio shaped, 0.4–0.5 × 1.0–4.0 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using lactate, pyruvate, ethanol (two species), and certain amino acids (one species) as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. H 2 can be used as electron donor in the presence of acetate as organic carbon source (chemolithoheterotrophic growth). Formate is also used in the presence of acetate. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and sulfur serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (AQDS) might be used as well. Desulfoviridin is present. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate (two species) and certain amino acids (one species). Mesophilic; the optimum temperature for growth is 24–37°C. Neutrophilic; the optimum growth pH is 6.5–7.2. Media containing a reductant but not NaCl are required for growth. Three members of the genus Desulfovibrio have been transferred to the new genus Humidesulfovibrio . Occur in anaerobic treatment plants, cryopegs within permafrost, and anoxic freshwater sediment. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 55.2–66.0 (LC, genome). Type species : Humidesulfovibrio mexicanus Waite et al. 2020 VP (basonym: Desulfovibrio mexicanus Hernandez‐Eugenio et al. 2000, VL79).