D esulfonatronovibrio

Abstract

Abstract De.sul.fo.na.tro.no.vi'bri.o. L. pref. de , from; L. neut. n. sulfur , sulfur; N.L. pref. desulfo ‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote); N.L. n. natron (arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n. natrun or natron ) soda, sodium carbonate; N.L. pref. natrono ‐, pertaining to soda; L. v. vibro , to set in tremulous motion, move to and fro, vibrate; N.L. masc. n. vibrio , that which vibrates, and also a bacterial genus name of bacteria possessing a curved rod shape ( vibrio ); N.L. masc. n. Desulfonatronovibrio , sulfate‐reducing vibrio from soda environment. Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfonatronovibrionaceae / Desulfonatronovibrio Gram‐stain‐negative, vibrio‐shaped cells, occur singly or S‐shaped in pairs. Motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Spore formation is not observed. Multiplication by binary fission. Strict anaerobes. Possess a respiratory, and some species also fermentative, type of metabolism. Sulfate and other partially oxidized sulfur compounds serve as terminal electron acceptors that are reduced to sulfide. All species of the genus can grow chemolithoheterotrophically in the presence of acetate as carbon source utilizing hydrogen or formate as electron donors, and some species grow by disproportionation of thiosulfate and sulfite. Most species can grow chemoorganoheterotrophically using pyruvate as electron donor or by its fermentation. Only some strains of a single species are capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth on hydrogen and formate or disproportionation of thiosulfate and sulfite. The genus currently accommodates three extremely alkaliphilic obligately carbonate‐dependent species and one alkalitolerant halophilic species. Optimal pH 8.0–10 with range 7.2–10.5. Obligately dependent on Na + ions in the growth medium. Optimal growth 0.4–0.6 M Na + with growth range 0.2–3 M Na + . Mesophilic, with optimal temperature 30–37°C. Known habitats are anoxic sediments of soda or chloride‐sulfate continental saline lakes. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 41.8–50.3 ( T m , genome). Type species : Desulfonatronovibrio hydrogenovorans Zhilina, Zavarzin, Rainey, Pikuta, Osipov and Kostrikina 1997, 149 VP .