Desulfonatronaceae

Abstract

Abstract De.sul.fo.na.tro.na.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n. Desulfonatronum , type genus of the family; suff. ‐ aceae , ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Desulfonatronaceae , the family of Desulfonatronum . Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfonatronaceae Cells are vibrio shaped, which occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemolithotrophs with variations for auto‐, mixo‐, and heterotrophy: source of anabolic carbon may derive from CO 3 2− and HCO 3 − only, CO 3 2− +HCO 3 − + acetate, or yeast extract. Chemolithoautotrophic growth is achieved via the anaerobic C 1 ‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Species with chemoheterotrophic metabolism can use H 2 and formate as electron donors in the presence of acetate or yeast extract. Chemoorganotrophs with ability to use cytochrome c and MK‐6 for respiration and in some species for fermentation. Organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. All species use sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate as terminal electron acceptors, which are reduced to sulfide. Most members can grow by disproportionation of oxidized sulfur compounds. Moderately salt tolerant, obligately alkaliphilic or alkali tolerant; obligately depend on CO 3 2− and Na + ; pH optima are within the range of 8.0–10.0. Mesophilic. The major menaquinone is MK‐6 (determined in two out of nine species of the type genus of the family). The family currently accommodates a single genus Desulfonatronum . Members of this family are found exclusively in alkaline habitats. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 48.8–59.3 (genome, LC, T m ). Type genus : Desulfonatronum Pikuta et al. 1998, VL66.