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Abstract
This chapter describes the various specifications for pipe, material, and certain equipment used in pipeline and facilities construction. It also provides an overview construction specifications. In addition, it discusses material requisition development and deals with a general guideline for bid analysis. The single most important reason for writing clear and precise specifications is to ensure that the vendors or contractors, engineers, and bidders are well informed enough to provide the final product required that results in quality without additional work or modifications resulting from poorly executed specifications. The specifications should be authoritative, not restraining. The objective of writing specifications is to explain to the suppliers of material or services what is required to achieve the final product. If there is insufficient data and detail to support the final goal, the bidder may be confused. This results in a product or service that does not satisfy the objective. Simultaneously, the specifications should not be too detailed in manners that restrict the bidders needlessly. It is important that as many bids as possible are received to improve competition and increase the chances of purchasing equipment or services that meets the requirements at the best possible price. Therefore, specifications must be detailed enough to leave no question in the bidders' mind as to what is required, but should be generic enough to allow multiple manufacturers' equipment to be offered.
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