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Abstract
This chapter discusses the strength capabilities of a pipeline that is subject to internal pressure and how the required pipe wall thickness is calculated. In order to transport a liquid or a gas through a pipeline, pumping pressure is required at the origin of the pipeline and at intermediate pump and compressor stations along the length of the pipeline. At various locations along the pipeline, the origin pressure is gradually reduced due to frictional pressure drop. Further, the pressure is increased at low elevation points and decreased at high elevation points. These internal pressures subject the pipe material to circumferential, axial, and radial stresses. Therefore, one must select proper pipe material with adequate pipe wall thickness to withstand the internal pressure during the normal course of operation of the pipeline. This chapter also discusses the different materials used to construct pipelines, the design standards and codes that apply, and the method of calculating the internal pressure that a given pipe can withstand based on the strength of the pipe material, its diameter, and its wall thickness. Finally, it explores the range of pressures required for hydrostatic testing of pipe- line sections to ensure safe operation of the pipeline.
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