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Abstract
This chapter discusses the number and size of compressor stations required to transport gas in a pipeline. The optimum locations and pressures at which compressor stations operate are determined based on the pipeline flow rate, allowable pipe operating pressures, and pipeline topography. This chapter compares the centrifugal and positive displacement compressors used in natural gas transportation with reference to their performance characteristics and cost. It also discusses typical compressor station design and equipment used. The compression ratio and the power required to compress a certain volume of gas, as well as the discharge temperature of the gas exiting the compressor, are explained and illustrated using examples. In a long distance gas transmission pipeline, locating intermediate compressor stations and minimizing energy loss were discussed. Hydraulically balanced and optimized compressor station locations were reviewed. Furthermore, the chapter discusses isothermal, adiabatic, and polytropic compression processes and the compressor power. Finally, it reviews the discharge temperature of compressed gas and its impact on pipeline throughput and gas cooling.
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