Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss compressing a gas to generate the pressure needed to transport the gas from one point to another along a pipeline. The compression ratio and the power required to compress a certain volume of gas as well as the discharge temperature of the gas exiting the compressor are explained and illustrated using examples. In a long-distance gas transmission pipeline, locating intermediate compressor stations and minimizing energy lost are discussed. Hydraulically balanced and optimized compressor station locations are reviewed. Various compression processes, such as isothermal, adiabatic, and polytropic are explained. The different types of compressors such as positive displacement and centrifugal are explained along with their advantages and disadvantages. The need for configuring compressors in series and parallel are explored. The centrifugal compressor performance curve is discussed as is the effect of rotational speed on the flow rate and head using the affinity laws. Finally, the impact of the compressor station yard piping pressure drops and how they affect the compression ratio and horsepower are discussed.

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