Abstract
The fish Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae), in addition to being a good bioindicator, is also of economic and ecological importance with a broad distribution in the neotropics. Ecotoxicology examines the interaction between environmental chemistry and biota; and in this study we assess alterations of bile and glycogen levels in the fish liver, organ responsible for detoxification, biotransformation and storing nutrients, such as glycogen, and for secreting bile. Fish were separated in three groups to examine the damage caused by the exposure to waters from Lago Azul-Rio Claro-SP and containing diluted biodegradable detergents in comparison to a control group (chlorinated water from an artesian well of UNESP-Campus Rio Claro). A histological analysis was performed on HE and PAS stained sections. The identification of structural changes and the assessment of the area occupied by bile and glycogen were carried out with the software ImageJ, showing that the liver was affected morphologically (cell vacuolization, peripherals nuclei, for example) and problems in bile release and production and storage of glycogen.
Highlights
The genus Prochilodusis widely distributed in the neotropics, is characterized by average-to-large body size, detritivory, rheophily and migration capacity during the piracema spawning season
Ecotoxicology examines the interaction between environmental chemistry and biota; and in this study we assess alterations of bile and glycogen levels in the fish liver, organ responsible for detoxification, biotransformation and storing nutrients, such as glycogen, and for secreting bile
According to Maduenho, et al [3], liver damage can be classified into three stages
Summary
The genus Prochilodusis widely distributed in the neotropics, is characterized by average-to-large body size, detritivory, rheophily and migration capacity during the piracema spawning season. In the Paraná River Basin, schools of 60 to 80,000 individuals have been reported (Barbieri, et al [2]), indicating the potential of this species for the fishing industry Because of these characteristics, its well described biology and sensitivity to pollutants, this species is suitable for toxicity tests (Maduenho, et al [3]). The species examined in the present study, P. lineatus, is extremely important, not for the fishing industry, but rather in recreational fishing, which promotes mental health (Campos, et al [11]). The present study provides important information for the population living near Lago Azul, as it involves a disturbed urban area and the effects of common pollutants, such as biodegradable detergents, on the environment It quantifies bile and glycogen levels for the first time in ecotoxicological studies of fish. This will allow a deeper understanding of the effects of pollutants on fish and shed light on possible bioindicators to be analyzed and quantified
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