ZnS Nanoparticles Research Articles

Hydrogen evolution properties of Cr doped and (Cr, Er) co-doped ZnS nanoparticles

Hydrogen evolution properties of Cr doped and (Cr, Er) co-doped ZnS nanoparticles

Graphitic carbon nitride infused with PVA-Mn:ZnS modified carbon sensor for electrochemical investigation of Metoclopramide hydrochloride

The primary focus is on determining the trace amount of Metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCH) which widely used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroparesis and acid reflux. The present study involves the development of a novel carbon paste-based sensor modified with Poly vinyl alcohol capped Manganese-doped ZnS nano particles decorated g-C3N4 nanocomposite (PVA-Mn:ZnS/g-C3N4@CPE), for the detecting and investigation of MCH. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to measure the electrochemical performance of MCH. The limit of detection and quantification is found to be 5 nM and 16 nM respectively. Using the SWV technique in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, the examination of urine and water spiked with MCH was monitored. When PVA-Mn:ZnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was used as a modifier in electrode-based sensors, results in well-resolved peaks and improved electrochemical current sensitivity. The electrode material was characterized by CV, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electro-oxidation of MCH was explored using electro-kinetic characteristics such as heterogeneous rate constant, accumulation time, entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and other parameters like scan rate and pH. A suitable mechanism was proposed for the number of protons and electrons involved in the electro oxidation of MCH.

In-situ generation of ZnS nanoparticles in quasi-MOFs for efficient eNRR

Inspired by the nitrogenase, transition metal sulfides have made outstanding progress in the field of eNRR. ZnS has emerged in the eNRR due to the strong photoelectric properties. Specially, the physical and chemical properties of ZnS are closely related with the support. In our study, ZIF-8-L was selected as the template to prepared ZnS/quasi-MOFs (ZnS/ZIF-8-L-T (T represents reaction temperature)) catalysts by using partial pyrolysis method. In this reaction process, the metal nodes of ZIF-8-L reacted with BDS to create ZnS nanoparticles, the organic ligands were carbonized to form the N-doped carbon support and partial framework of ZIF-8-L were remained. The hierarchical pore structure and high specific surface area of ZnS/ZIF-8-L-T not only provided a wide space for molecular diffusion, but also improved the adsorption and activation of N2. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of N-doped carbon support inhibited HER and improved FE. When the calcination temperature reached 350 °C, the obtained ZnS/ZIF-8-L-350 catalyst achieved a high NH3 yield (53.44 μg·h−1·mg−1) and a good FE (15.75%) at -0.3 V vs. RHE in 0.05 M H2SO4 solution. This work highlights the importance of support in regulating the physicochemical structure of the catalytic active center and can guide the design of advanced eNRR catalysts.

Reduced Graphene Oxide Embedded with ZnS Nanoparticles as Catalytic Cathodic Material for Li-S Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur technology is a strong candidate for the future generation of batteries due to its high specific capacity (1675 mAh g-1), low cost, and environmental impact. In this work, we propose a facile and solvent-free microwave synthesis for a composite material based on doped (sulfur and nitrogen) reduced graphene oxide embedded with zinc sulfide nanoparticles (SN-rGO/ZnS) to improve the battery performance. The chemical-physical characterization (XRD, XPS, FESEM, TGA) confirmed the effectiveness of the microwave approach in synthesizing the composite materials and their ability to be loaded with sulfur. The materials were then thoroughly characterized from an electrochemical point of view (cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, Tafel plot, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Li2S deposition test); the SN-rGO/ZnS/S8 cathode showed a strong affinity towards polysulfides, thus reducing their loss by diffusion and improving redox kinetics, allowing for faster LiPSs conversion. In terms of performance, the composite-based cathode increased the specific capacity at high rate (1 C) from 517 to 648 mAh g-1. At the same time, more stable behavior was observed at 0.5 C with capacity retention at the 750th cycle, where it was raised from 32.5% to 48.2%, thus confirming the beneficial effect of the heteroatomic doping process and the presence of zinc sulfide nanoparticles.

Analysis of dominant and intense XRD peak of (111) plane of ZnS nanocrystals for microstructural study through single line Voigt method: Calculated low dislocation density value emphasizes larger stacking of (111) plane

In this work, a wet chemical synthesis method has been used for the preparation of ZnS nanocrystals using the precursor Zn(NO3)2 (Zinc Nitrate) and Na2S (Sodium sulfide), where 3-Mercaptopropionic acid has been used as a capping agent. Morphological characterization of the prepared ZnS nanocrystals has been performed through HR-TEM and FE-SEM analysis and the average particle size has been obtained as approximately 26 nm. The HR-TEM image also suggests the formation of smooth crystalline ZnS nanoparticles with dominance of the (111) plane. The XRD pattern firmly indicates dominance of (111) crystalline planes over the other planes. For this, different microstructural properties of prepared ZnS nanoparticles have been studied considering only the dominant (111) diffraction peak using single line Voigt method. Finally, the average particle size calculated from morphological analysis has been compared with the crystallite size calculated by XRD analysis through the Single line Voigt method. Calculated dislocation density value indicates presence of less defects states in the sample and confirms the growth of ZnS nanoparticles in a particular direction of (111) plane with pure crystalline nature.

Sunlight-assisted photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine in the presence of Mg doped ZnS nanocatalysts

In this work, Mg2+ doped ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by solvothermal method, using ethanol as solvent at 135 °C.The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV–vis and PL. After doping, XRD revealed a reduction in lattice parameter, confirming Mg2+ substitution into the ZnS host lattice. The UV–vis study indicated that the incorporation of Mg2+ ions does not modify the band gap width of the nanoparticles. The PL spectra measured at 325 nm excitation wavelength, reveals that the photogenerated electrons of Zn0·9Mg0·1S have a slower recombination rate than ZnS nanoparticles. The XPS finding confirm that the chemical environment of the elements has been affected by the presence of the Mg2+. The Valence Band Maximum (VBM) was determined to be 0.2eV for ZnS and 1eV for Zn0·9Mg0·1S, respectively. These findings confirm the perturbation of electronic properties when Mg2+ is added to the ZnS. The photocatalytic ability was estimated through the degradation of tartrazine under natural-sunlight irradiation. Zn0.9Mg0.1S shows a high photocatalytic activity, compared to ZnS nanoparticles. The photocatalytic degradation was studied through different parameters, such as: the source of irradiation, the pH, the dye concentration, the catalyst concentration, and the recyclability. The degradation investigation shows that tartrazine is better oxidized at free pH = 6,7, with a dye concentration of 20 mg/L and a catalyst dosage of 1 g/L. Zn0.9Mg0.1S degraded 98% of tartrazine under natural-sunlight irradiation. In addition, the catalyst retained a good photo-degradation capacity, even after many treatment cycles. The scavengers study confirmed that the main active species responsible for the photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine were the oxidation groups (O2•-).

Investigating the tunable properties of double blended nanocomposite films exposed to direct Nd:YAG laser beam

Detailed characterization for double blended nanocomposite films of PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone)/CMC (carboxy-methyl cellulose) polymer blends doped with SnO2 and ZnS nanoparticles based on different proportional concentrations (1-x)SnO2 -x ZnS (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) has been represented. Nanoparticles were synthesized based on the sol-gel technique, while nanocomposite films were prepared using the casting technique. The crystalline structures for both nanoparticles and nanocomposite films before and after laser exposure have been discussed by the x-ray technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique (FTIR) revealed variations in the vibrational bands intensities and locations under the effect of both laser exposure and nanoparticles. The morphological features of the studied samples have been discussed through SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images. The optical properties (linear-nonlinear) of nanocomposite films have been discussed in details using UV–Vis spectroscopy technique. The refractive index has been calculated based on different proposed models. Similarities in the refractive index values have been observed. The effect of direct laser beam exposure on the estimated values of energy gap Eg has been represented in details. Eg values showed a reduction from 5.1 eV (for undoped films) to 4.8 eV (for laser exposed doped films). Nanocomposite films fully doped with 100% zinc sulphide nanoparticles exhibited the lowest Eg value (4 eV). Linear and nonlinear optical parameters confirmed the dominant effect of direct laser exposure compared with the particle size effect.

Study of structural and spectroscopic characterization of ZnS nanoparticles and its application as supercapacitor

ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by co-precipitation method using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as a stabilizer and capping agent. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized NPs are investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits a zinc-blended crystal structure at room temperature. The particle size was found to be in the range of 22.22 nm. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows the blue shift in the bandgap due to the quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectrum of ZnS NPs shows a blue visible spectrum. The template of the cyclic voltammetry contour demonstrated a strong rate suggesting that the ZnS nanostructure electrode has a reduced polarization effect. The above studies have provided resplendent efficiency and proven that ZnS NPs can be used as a prominent material for supercapacitor applications.

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Bis(diallydithiocarbamato)zinc(II) and Silver(I) Complexes: Precursors for Zinc Sulfide and Silver Sulfide Nanophotocatalysts.

We report the preparation and crystal structures of bis(diallydithiocarbamato)zinc(II) and silver(I) complexes. The compounds were used as single-source precursors to prepare zinc sulfide and silver sulfide nanophotocatalysts. The molecular structure of bis(diallydithiocarbamato)zinc(II) consists of a dimeric complex in which each zinc(II) ion asymmetrically coordinates with two diallydithiocarbamato anions in a bidentate chelating mode, and the centrosymmetrically related molecule is bridged through the S-atom that is chelated to the adjacent zinc(II) ion to form a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the zinc(II) ions. The molecular structure of bis(diallydithiocarbamato)silver(I) formed a cluster complex consisting of a trimetric Ag3S3 molecule in which the diallydithiocarbamato ligand is coordinated to all the Ag(I) ions. The complexes were thermolyzed in dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, and octadecylamine (ODA) to prepare zinc sulfide and silver sulfide nanoparticles. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the zinc sulfide nanoparticles correspond to the hexagonal wurtzite while silver sulfide is in the acanthite crystalline phase. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that quantum dot zinc sulfide nanoparticles are obtained with particle sizes ranging between 1.98 and 5.49 nm, whereas slightly bigger silver sulfide nanoparticles are obtained with particle sizes of 2.70-13.69 nm. The surface morphologies of the ZnS and AgS nanoparticles capped with the same capping agent are very similar. Optical studies revealed that the absorption band edges of the as-prepared zinc sulfide and silver sulfide nanoparticles were blue-shifted with respect to their bulk materials with some surface defects. The zinc sulfide and silver sulfide nanoparticles were used as nanophotocatalysts for the degradation of bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB). ODA-capped zinc sulfide is the most efficient photocatalyst and degraded 87% of BTB and 91% of BPB.

Sıvı kristaller ve nanopartikül arasındaki etkileşimlerin belirlenmesi üzerine çalışma: Nanopartikül katkılı sıvı kristallerin floresan spektrumları

Liquid crystals, which are between the solid state of matter and the liquid state, are materials with interesting molecular structures. They are molecular materials that show both the properties of solid crystals and the properties of liquids. Materials whose physical properties change depending on the particle size, whose dimensions are at the nanometer level, are nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be produced in many different types, depending on their size and structural shape. We obtained fluorescence graphs by combining liquid crystals and nanoparticles in solvents with three different characteristics. The liquid crystals we used in this study are 4-Pentylphenyl 4-Methoxybenzoate (4PP4MetoxB), 4-Pentylphenyl 4-Pentylbenzote (4PP4PentB), and 4-Pentylphenyl 4-(Octyloxy)Benzoate (4PP4OctoxB). Other materials we use are ZnS, CdSe, and CdS nanoparticles. We created new materials by combining these liquid crystals and nanoparticles in solvents. We examined whether the liquid crystals and nanoparticles in the newly formed materials interact in solvents and how the fluorescence graphs change according to the fluorescence graphs of liquid crystals.

Investigations on capping-induced changes in structural, optical, and thermal properties of Zn0.96Ni0.04S nanoparticles

We present the chemical precipitation technique for producing several quantities of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) capped zinc sulphide nanoparticles doped with Ni2+ in an ambient environment. The average grain size of the nanoparticles generated was tuned by using SHMP concentration. SEM with EDAX, HRTEM, and SAED patterns was used to confirm the particle size, crystallinity, and composition. Compared to bulk ZnS, UV–Vis spectra of both capped and uncapped samples reveal a blue shift in the absorption edge. FTIR studies confirmed the capping of SHMP on the surface of Ni-doped ZnS. PL spectra of ZnS:Ni2+ nanoparticles exhibit intense and sustained visible-light emissions. The intensity of the blue emission centered at 468 nm increased with increasing SHMP concentration up to 0.75 wt percent but decreased with higher concentrations of SHMP. TG – DTA results show that SHMP – ZnS (Ni-doped) nanoparticles have excellent thermal stability due to improved shape and compactness.

Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticle photoanodes: Synthesis, structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical characteristics

In this work, Mn-doped zinc sulfide (Mn:ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized as a promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC), using the co-precipitation method. PEC properties of Mn-doped zinc sulfide NPs were considered under the correlation between Mn-doping level and their particle size. The highest photocurrent density (8.03 mA cm−2) and largest photoconversion efficiency (0.63%) (at 0.4 V vs. RHE) were reached at 6 mol% Mn. Based on the results of used various materials characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectrum, and absorbance spectrum, it can be assessed that the outstanding PEC characteristics of Mn:ZnS photoanode are attributed to the narrow bandgap of Mn:ZnS nanoparticles and their notably small particle size, which is originated from the Mn-doping. For application, the stability and the effect of various electrolytes were also investigated.

Investigation of 1-octanethiol capped ZnS nanoparticles as lubricant additives and tribological behavior of oil-based nanolubricant

1-Octanethiol (OT) capped ZnS nanoparticles (OT-ZnS) as lubricating oil additives were investigated by tribological tests including wear tests and rheological measurements. The wear tests were performed on lubrication states using a custom design wear test device consisting of a rotating pin on a cylinder geometry. A rotating 1.2379 cylinder (steel counterpart) and a stationary C40 pin were used as a pair of test material for the wear test. The stationary pin was pressed against a rotating cylinder under lubrication conditions. It was observed that the synthesized OT-ZnS NP effectively improved the lubrication performance of 10W engine oil and the surface properties of the test materials. The addition of OT-ZnS NPs to the 10W base oil increased its viscosity and decreased the contact angle (CA) values. The results showed that the wear loss and the wear scar dimensions were both the lowest, while 0.0125 (wt.%) of OT-ZnS NPs were treated with the base oil. The mass loss of the pins was reduced to more than 6.3%. The wear reduction was observed at about 27% and the length of wear scar in the minor axis was reduced to 11.4% when a load of 100 kg was applied. The images of wear scars showed that the OT-ZnS NPs additives could prevent severe contact with the interacting surfaces. OT-ZnS NPs partially filled on the grooves and adhered on the wear scar surfaces and promote tribofilm formation, thereby it improve the tribological performance of 10W base oil, especially under extreme pressure conditions. Sulfide film (sulfuration layer) adhered to the wear scar surfaces and decrease the wear.

Metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon for sulfur absorption under hydrothermal conditions

MOx (M = Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ce) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in porous C with uniform diameter and dispersion were synthesized, with potential application as S-absorbents to protect catalysts from S-poisoning in catalytic hydrothermal gasification (cHTG) of biomass. S-absorption performance of MOx/C was evaluated by reacting the materials with diethyl disulfide at HTG conditions (450 °C, 30 MPa, 15 min). Their S-absorption capacity followed the order CuOx/C > CeOx/C ≈ ZnO/C > MnOx/C > FeOx/C. S was absorbed in the first four through the formation of Cu1.8S, Ce2S3, ZnS, and MnS, respectively, with a capacity of 0.17, 0.12, 0.11, and 0.09 molS molM−1. The structure of MOx/C (M = Zn, Cu, Mn) evolved significantly during S-absorption reaction, with the formation of larger agglomerates and separation of MOx particles from porous C. The formation of ZnS NPs and their aggregation in place of hexagonal ZnO crystals indicate a dissolution/precipitation mechanism. Note that aggregated ZnS NPs barely sinter under these conditions. Cu(0) showed a preferential sulfidation over Cu2O, the sulfidation of the latter seemingly following the same mechanism as for ZnO. In contrast, FeOx/C and CeOx/C showed remarkable structural stability with their NPs well-dispersed within the C matrix after reaction. MOx dissolution in water (from liquid to supercritical state) was modeled and a correlation between solubility and particle growth was found, comforting the hypothesis of the importance of an Ostwald ripening mechanism. CeOx/C with high structural stability and promising S-absorption capacity was suggested as a promising bulk absorbent for sulfides in cHTG of biomass.

Improving the short wavelength response of the multi-crystalline silicon solar cell by using 10% Erbium doped ZnS nanoparticle-based downshifting layer

This study describes how a polymer/ZnS composite layer with antireflection, scattering, and downshifting properties improved the short wavelength response of multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. The downshifting layer is made up of 10% erbium-doped ZnS nanoparticles that are dispersed in a PMMA matrix at concentrations ranging from 1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml and applied by spin coating to the front surface of an mc-Si solar cell. The chemical route method is used to create the 10% erbium-doped ZnS NP. XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, and PL techniques are used to identify the synthesized NP. EQE, IQE, reflectance, and J-V measurement serve as distinguishing characteristics for mc-Si solar cells with and without a downshifting layer. The cubic structure of the nanoparticle has been confirmed by the XRD pattern of 10% erbium-doped ZnS NP. The spherical shape of the nanoparticle was visible in the SEM image. The nanoparticle's ability to absorb high-energy photons and release low-energy photons that met the downshifting requirement was confirmed by the UV–Vis and PL spectra. Solar cells with a downshifting layer expose their EQE spectra to enhance their UV response at short wavelengths. Both EQE and J-V measurements are used to calculate the short circuit current density. In the EQE and J-V measurements, it differs from the bare one by 4.76% and 3.57%, respectively. The short circuit current density has confirmed that the 3 mg/ml amount of ZnS:10 %Er NP/PMMA used as a downshifting layer in this study is the right concentration to improve the short wavelength response when applied to the top surface of the mc-Si solar cell.

Effect of ZnS nanoparticles on the spectroscopic transitions of Ho3+ ions in sol-gel silica matrix

ZnS NPs and Ho3+ co-doped silica matrices are prepared by room temperature sol-gel method. The fabricated matrices are characterized structurally by X-ray diffractometry, Transmission electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Structural studies reveal the presence of ZnS NPs in the Ho3+ co-doped silica matrices. Judd Ofelt analysis of UV–Visible absorption spectra shows that the phenomenological Judd Ofelt intensity parameters Ωt, which illustrate the intensities for transitions in lanthanides and actinides in solids as well as solutions follow the trend Ω2>Ω4>Ω6. Enhancement in the Ω2 parameter with ZnS NP concentration indicates higher asymmetry and a stronger covalent environment of Ho3+ ions in the studied matrix, compared to some popular hosts. The four distinct PL emission bands of Ho3+ observed in the studied matrices show a strong dependence on ZnS NP concentration, with 0.67 M of ZnS as the optimum concentration. The enhancement in the PL emissions with ZnS NPs is attributed to the network modification and sensitization of Ho3+ ions by the NPs. Sensitization through energy transfer also increases the lifetime of the excited state, as observed from the PL decay study. The decrease of PL emission beyond optimum ZnS concentration is most likely due to the self-quenching of ZnS NPs. The upconversion study shows enhancement in Ho3+ luminescence up to 14 times with ZnS co-doping; indicating the viability of the fabricated matrix for their application in UC devices as well.

In Situ Transformable Pro-nanotheranostic Platform for Activable Photoacoustic Imaging and Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Nanotheranostic platforms integrated with diagnostic and therapeutic functions have been widely developed for tumor medicine. However, the "always-on" nanotheranostic platforms suffer from poor tumor specificity, which may largely restrict therapeutic efficacy and prevent precise theranostics. Here, we develop an in situ transformable pro-nanotheranostic platform (ZnS/Cu2O@ZIF-8@PVP) by encapsulating ZnS and Cu2O nanoparticles in a metal-organic framework (MOF) nanomaterial of ZIF-8 that allows activable photoacoustic (PA) imaging and synergistic photothermal/chemodynamic therapy (PTT/CDT) of tumors in vivo. It is shown that the pro-nanotheranostic platform gradually decomposes and releases ZnS nanoparticles and Cu+ ions in acidic conditions, which spontaneously trigger a cation exchange reaction and synthesize Cu2S nanodots in situ with activated PA signals and PTT effects. Moreover, the excessive Cu+ ions function as Fenton-like catalysts and catalyze the production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for CDT using elevated levels of H2O2 in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). In vivo studies demonstrate that the in situ transformable pro-nanotheranostic platform can specifically image tumors via PA and photothermal imaging and efficiently ablate tumors through synergistic CDT/PTT. Our in situ transformable pro-nanotheranostic platform could provide a new arsenal for precise theranostics in cancer therapy.

UV and solar-based photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from ceramics industrial wastewater by Fe-doped ZnS nanoparticles

UV and solar-based photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as an organic contaminant in ceramics industry wastewater by ZnS and Fe-doped ZnS NPs was the focus of this research. Nanoparticles were prepared using a chemical precipitation process. The cubic, closed-packed structure of undoped ZnS and Fe-doped ZnS NPs was formed in spherical clusters, according to XRD and SEM investigations. According to optical studies, the optical band gaps of pure ZnS and Fe-doped ZnS nanoparticles are 3.35 and 2.51 eV, respectively, and Fe doping increased the number of carriers with high mobility, improved carrier separation and injection efficiency, and increased photocatalytic activity under UV or visible light. Doping of Fe increased the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and facilitated charge transfer, according to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations. Photocatalytic degradation studies revealed that in the present pure ZnS and Fe-doped ZnS nanoparticles, 100% treatment of 120 mL of 15 mg/L phenolic compound was obtained after 55- and 45-min UV-irradiation, respectively, and complete treatment was attained after 45 and 35-min solar light irradiation, respectively. Because of the synergistic effects of effective surface area, more effective photo-generated electron and hole separation efficiency, and enhanced electron transfer, Fe-doped ZnS demonstrated high photocatalytic degradation performance. The study of Fe-doped ZnS's practical photocatalytic treatment capability for removing 120 mL of 10 mg/L 2,4-DCP solution made from genuine ceramic industrial wastewater revealed Fe-doped ZnS's excellent photocatalytic destruction of 2,4-DCP from real industrial wastewater.

Optimized synthesis, structural and electrical enhancement of Zinc sulfide nanoparticles for electrochemical sensor applications

A potentiostat with three electrode configurations was used to conduct electrochemical experiments on the successfully produced zinc sulfide nanoparticles. The results of the X-ray diffraction investigation showed that ZnS is polycrystalline and has a rhombohedral system. Using a well-known Williamson-Hall analysis, the average values of mean crystallite size and microstrain were found to be 1.56 nm and 3.7 × 10−2, respectively. The visible part of the photoluminescence spectrum of ZnS showed a noticeable emission peak at around 620 nm that was ascribed to the forbidden energy gap that gives rise to the electron-hole pair in ZnS. The FT-IR spectrum also revealed the structure of ZnS nanoparticles. A thermogravimetry graphic was used to prove ZnS's thermal stability. Energy dispersive spectroscopy coupled with transmission electron microscopy was used to verify the stoichiometry of ZnS, and the results show a roughly stoichiometric structure. With the aid of this electrode, ZnS@Ni, ethanol, and water could be found in both mediums. The electrochemical behavior of ZnS with varied concentrations of methanol on media was displayed by the Cyclic Voltammetry. Here, ZnS performs even with low methanol levels. As the methanol concentration was raised, the electrochemical peak raised. Additionally, ZnS's cyclic voltammetry demonstrated distinct feature peaks that might be used in fuel cell-type sensor applications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to validate ZnS's capacity to make a wide variety of physical and electrochemical systems. Herein devised efficient ZnS -based electrochemical sensor for methanol detection is cost-efficient with the perspective of being scaled-up for point-of-care sensors required for monitoring methanol from environmental experiments.

Application of Cypermethrin-Coated ZnS and ZnO Nanoparticles against Rhipicephalus Ticks.

Rhipicephalus ticks are described as important ticks impacting the costs of livestock rearing and by-products sale. The prevalence and response of ticks towards cypermethrin sprays indicate the need to implement the rational use of acaricides. In our previous studies, ZnO nanoparticles were shown to inhibit the major life-cycle stages of Hyalomma ticks, indicative of promising application of nanomaterials against the hard ticks. The current study was designed to probe into one of alternative options to curtail Rhipicephalus ticks by employing cypermethrin-coated nanoparticles of ZnO (C-ZnO NPs) and ZnS (C-ZnS NPs). The nanocomposites showed a roughly spherical type of morphology and various size dimensions upon characterization using SEM and EDX. Female ovipositioning was declined up to only 48% in ZnS and up to 32% in ZnO NPs even after 28 days in vitro. Similarly, the larval hatching was also impacted, leading to a hatching percentage of 21% and 15% by application of C-ZnS NPs and C-ZnO NPs, respectively. The LC90 in female adult groups were 3.94 mg/L and 4.27 mg/L for the C-ZnO NPs and C-ZnS NPs groups, respectively. Similarly, the larval groups had LC90 of 8.63 and 8.95 mg/L for the C-ZnO NPs and C-ZnS NPs groups. The study is a proof of the concept for incorporating effective and safe nanocomposites as acaricides. The studies on the efficacy and spectrum of non-target effects of nanomaterial-based acaricides can further refine the research on finding novel alternatives for tick control.