Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Research Articles

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum: In Silico, Biochemical and Histological Study.

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum aqueous extracts were examined in a carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model. Some markers of inflammation such as hematological parameters, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were measured. Variables reflecting oxidative stress included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione were determined in both inflamed foci and erythrocytes. The in silico molecular docking simulation showed that the main components of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum bound to toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) with high affinities. Moreover, histological examinations of paw edema were carried out. Both Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum ameliorated the induced inflammation and oxidative stress status as outlined by anti-edematous, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Our investigation lends pharmacological support to the medical uses of these spices in the management of inflammatory disorders and oxidative damage. The results of the in silico assay satisfactory explain the in vivo effects as compared with indomethacin.

Ginger ( Zingiber officinale roscoe) extract could upregulate the renal expression of NRF2 and TNFα and prevents ethanol-induced toxicity in rat kidney

Ginger has protective effects on the kidney, however the molecular mechanism of this effect has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this work studied molecular mechanisms of ginger effects on ethanol-induced kidney injury. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ginger (1 g/kg/day ginger extract by oral gavage), ethanol (4 g/kg/day ethanol by oral gavage) and ginger-ethanol group and treated daily for 28 days. Kidney function, expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α genes and oxidative stress parameters in kidney tissue, were evaluated. Total phenolic content (TPC) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of ginger extract were also evaluated. Hydroethanolic extract of ginger showed a good level of DPPH scavenging activity and TPC. In the ethanol group, serum level of urea, creatinine and uric acid and the expression of NRF2 and TNF-α significantly increased compared to control group, while co-treatment with ginger in ginger+ethanol group significantly ameliorated them compared to the ethanol group. Ethanol exposure significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) compared to the control values ,while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased. Ginger significantly ameliorated the level of MDA and activity of SOD, GPx and CAT in the ginger-ethanol group compared to the ethanol group. The results showed that ginger's protective effects against ethanol renotoxicity were mediated via enhancing the NRF2 and TNF-α expression.

Application of natural tenderizers (Papain and ginger) in buffalo calf meat

Most of the research works related to tenderness of meat are concerned with the use of different natural chemical tenderizers. But certain limitations of these chemical tenderizers have been reported on one or the other sensory attributes of meat and have limitations for exploitation at restaurant or household level and thus are only partially successful in tenderizing tough meat. So to combat these undesirable effects of chemicals, some natural tenderizers could be used. Natural tenderizers refer to those fruits and vegetables, which contain proteolytic enzymes, responsible for tenderization of tough meat. Therefore the studies for utilization of unused tough meat with natural tenderizers like papaya (Carica· papaya) and ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) have been discussed here.

Effect of variety, location & maturity stage at harvesting, on essential oil chemical composition, and weight yield of Zingiber officinale roscoe grown in Sri Lanka

Our study investigated whether the chemical intensity and weight yield of essential oil fraction of Zingiber officinale roscoe was significantly affected by variety, maturity stage or cultivated location in Sri Lanka. Two varieties, Rangoon and Siddha planted in two geographical locations of Sri Lanka were harvested at three maturity stages. Chinese variety was studied as the control. Study revealed that the ginger essential oil (GEO) weight yield decreased with increasing maturity stage. Maturity stage and location of cultivation was significantly affecting GEO weight yield while chemical intensities were significantly affected by maturity stage only. Variety factor was not significantly affecting any of the dependent variables. Interaction effects between factors suggested that Siddha and Rangoon were the best varieties to cultivate in Sri Lanka. Best time to harvest rhizomes was at 5 months maturity for any tested variety. 13 major compounds were identified in Siddha while 12 major compounds were identified in Rangoon. It was suggested that variety Siddha was better than Rangoon from its antibacterial chemical profile and composition.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe Rhizomes Attenuate Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice.

Oxaliplatin is a platinum derivative chemotherapeutic drug widely used against cancers, but even a single treatment can induce a severe allodynia that requires treatment interruption and dose diminution. The rhizome of Zingiber officinale roscoe (Z. officinale, ginger), has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases causing pain; however, its effect against oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain has never been assessed. In mice, a single oxaliplatin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment induced significant cold and mechanical allodynia. Cold and mechanical allodynia were assessed by acetone drop and von Frey filament tests, respectively. Water extracts of Z. officinale (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated both cold and mechanical allodynia induced by oxaliplatin. Intrathecal pre-treatment with the antagonist 5-HT1A (NAN-190, i.t., 1 μg), but not with the antagonist 5-HT2A (ketanserin, i.t., 1 μg), significantly blocked the analgesic effect of Z. officinale against both cold and mechanical allodynia. However, 5-HT3 antagonist (MDL-72222, i.t., 15 μg) administration only blocked the anti-allodynic effect of Z. officinale against cold allodynia. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that Z. officinale significantly increased the mRNA expression of the spinal 5-HT1A receptor that was downregulated after oxaliplatin injection. These results suggest that Z. officinale may be a viable treatment option for oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.

Evaluation of anti-helmintic activity of Zingiber officinale roscoe extract on Fasciola hepatica miracidia In vitro

Aims: The control of fascioliasis has depended on the utilization of a predetermined number of anthelmintic drugs. Nonetheless, the resistance of antifasciolid is presently boundless, and there is a need for potential drug properties of medicinal plants as new medications against Fasciola spp. to interrupt the parasite transmission. Materials and Methods: This investigation is meant to assess the potential anti-fasciolicide impacts of Zingiber officinale roscoe hydroalcoholic extract against the Fasciola miracidia. The eggs of Fasciola hepatica were gathered from the livers contaminated goats and sheep and washed 20 times with chlorine-free water, and afterward incubated at different pH, temperature, and light density for embryonic development. Concentrated miracidia of Fasciola spp. were incubated at different concentrations (2, 5, and 10 μg/mL) of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. officinale at different time intervals. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA statistical test. Results: The extract at different concentrations showed antifasciolid effects in comparison to triclabendazole. This braking action was dose-proportional and further related firmly to the disclosure time ( P

Extract of zingiber officinale roscoe rhizomes for pharmacological screening anxiolytic activity in rats

This project work study was carried out the pharmacological screening of anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes in the rat. Ginger is an antique therapeutic plant fitting to Zingiberoside family that is formally called as Zingiber officinale Rosc. The behavioral test was measuring by using the two anxiolytics represent actionlike raised plus maze (EPM) and light-dark arena model. The extraction of ginger is approved out by Soxhlet apparatus utilizing methanol as solvent. The ginger extract dose was administered in two groups as 200 mg/kg, p.o. which is compared with control (received vehicle) and standard groups (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.) for its anxiolytic action for 7 days. The dose at 200 mg /kg and 400 mg/kg administered verbally which increase the time spent and no of entry in raised plus maze and growth time consumed inbox and no of crossing between light dark compartment boxes. The consequences of the training work exposed by extracts exhibit anxiolytic activity. Those female-to-male proportion to At whatever lifetime tension issue may be 3:2. The majority uneasiness issue start over childhood, youthfulness What's more initial adulthood. Frenzy issue exhibits a bimodal period about onset in the age gatherings for 15-24 a considerable length of time. Furthermore, 45- 54 a considerable length of time.

An In Silico Screening on Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum and Zingiber officinale roscoe Derived Compounds Against SARS‐CoV‐2: A Drug Repurposing Approach

As of now, Coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading overall quickly, and its control is troublesome because there is no compelling immunization or medications accessible in the medical sector. This contagious disease has been associated with numerous respiratory issues. Thus, there is a crucial need to elucidate plant-derived compounds that display inhibitory potential against potential targets of coronavirus and boost the human body's immunity. This infection can contaminate the individuals and cause diseases of the respiratory lot. This research has focused on exploiting the medicinal properties of phytocompounds of three plants that have shown significant anti-inflammatory potential and had been effective against numerous respiratory disorders. This research's main objective was to study the inhibitory potential of these selected twenty-seven phytocompounds derived from Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, and Zingiber officinale roscoe against protease of COVID-19. We performed screening of selected phytocompounds with antivirus action by employing different in silico approaches, including Lipinski rule of five, adme analysis, and molecular docking tools. In silico investigation has revealed the inhibitory potential of these selected ligands (phytocompounds), two crucial targets of coronavirus, including 6LU7 and 7JTL. Out of 27 selected phytocompounds guaiol and gingeronone A has displayed significant inhibitory potential against coronavirus's selected targets. Thus our research findings strongly recommended that phytocompounds derived from black pepper, clove, and ginger could be very useful in battling the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Botany, phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale): A review

Antibiotic resistance in every corner of the planet is growing to dangerously high levels. New mechanisms of resistance are emerging and spreading globally which threatens our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Many scientists documented some plants having antimicrobial properties. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO), the most recognised member of Zingiber, is one of them. This review aims to validate the antimicrobial activity of ginger. The information and data on ZO were collated from various resources like ethnobotanical textbooks, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus. ZO has many medicinal, nutritional and ethnomedical values and is commonly used as a spice, flavouring agent and herbal remedy worldwide. In addition to giving ginger its pungent aroma, volatile oil gingerol and other pungent principles are the most medically potent since they inhibit the production of prostaglandin and leukotriene, which are chemicals that affect blood flow and inflammation. Traditionally, it has been used as an herbal remedy for centuries in Ayurvedic, Tibb-Unani, Chinese, Islamic, Africans, the Caribbean and many other medicinal systems to cure a variety of diseases like throat infections, asthma, inflammation, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, palpitation, constipation and indigestion, colds, arthritis, nausea, hypertension, migraines, and many more. It has a high proportion of α-Zingiberene, β-sesquiphellandrene, (E,E)- α-farnesene, geranial and ar-curcumene. The ZO extracts, essential oil and chemical constituents exhibited antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, and other beneficial activities. The research suggests that there are marked antimicrobial activities in the ginger that could be beneficial and applied in various research areas, such as the pharmaceutical and food industries. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which these effects are exerted, more research may be required.

Desarrollo de un enjuague bucal natural a partir de extractos de zingiberáceas orgánicas disponibles en Costa Rica

Este artículo presenta un innovador enjuague bucal totalmente natural formulado con aceites esenciales de Curcuma longa-Linn y Zingiber officinale-Roscoe (variedad hawaiana). Los resultados de los ensayos de formulación se evaluaron con una prueba sensorial usando una escala hedónica para elegir entre dos alternativas: enjuague neutro o pungente. Las biomoléculas presentes en la mezcla se consideran en investigaciones anteriores como nutracéuticas, incluyen propiedades antiinflamatorias y antisépticas validadas en aplicaciones orales, el producto mejora la higiene bucal y funciona bien para los dientes y las encías. El mercado global ha puesto de moda este tipo de productos y, además, la formulación tiene un alto potencial en cuanto a salud oral preventiva.

Quorum Sensing Inhibition Activity of Water Extract of Rhizome Herbs onAeromonas hydrophila

Several bacteria have been reported to be pathogenic to fishes, and some of them were opportunistic pathogen bacteria. Quorum sensing is a widespread phenomenon in bacteria on coordinating gene expression of virulence factors of bacterial pathogens, including biofilms. The aims of this research were to confirm biofilm formation by fish pathogenic bacteria, determine activity of water extracts of medicinal rhizome herb on growth and quorum sensing inhibition ofAeromonas hydrophila. Turmeric (Curcuma longaL.), temu lawak (Curcuma xanthorizaRoxb), ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe), kencur (Kaempferia galangaL.) and galangal (Alpinia galangalL.) rhizomes were used in this study. The extracts were examined on their activity to affect growth and inhibition of biofilms formation byA. hydrophilaat concentrations of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mg/ml. Extract of rhizome medicinal herbs did not affect the growth ofA. hydrophila. Ginger extract at concentration of 40 mg /ml showed the highest inhibition of biofilm formation by 79.7%. Turmeric extract inhibited the biofilm formation by 59.9% at concentration of 30 mg / ml. Kencur extract showed the lowest biofilm inhibitory ability of 7.0%. The results showed the addition of plant rhizome water extracts had anti-quorum sensing activity as evidenced by inhibition of the formation of these bacterial biofilms.

Preclinical Toxicology and Anticholangiocarcinoma Activity of Oral Formulation of Standardized Extract of Zingiber Officinale.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains a significant public health problem in Thailand. New effective and safe drugs are urgently needed. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) is a widely used medicinal plant for the treatment of several ailments, and the animal study suggests a potential anti-CCA activity. The present study aimed to develop the oral formulation of standardized extract of ZO and investigate toxicological profiles (acute, repeated dose, and chronic toxicity), including anti-CCA activity of the ZO formulation. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of the standardized ZO extract was successfully developed with an acceptable level of contamination and physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity tests were conducted in healthy Sprague Dawley rats according to the OECD guidelines. The results showed no evidence of toxicity and death in the acute and subacute toxicity testing with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Chronic toxicity revealed MTD and No-Observed-Adverse-Effect level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-CCA activity was evaluated in CCA-xenografted mouse model. The formulated ZO powder was fed to animals daily for 30 days. Significant anti-CCA activity on tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of survival time were demonstrated at the high (2000 mg/kg body weight) and moderate (1000 mg/kg body weight) dose levels. Further investigation to elucidate molecular targets of action of ZO against CCA cells is encouraged.

A16790 Preparation of capsules from zingiber officinale roscoe aqueous extracts and evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of the plant as add-on therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objectives: To study cardiovascular effects of daily administration of an aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in type 2 diabetes patients over a 6-week period Methods: We conducted a non-randomized single-arm clinical trial over a period of 8 months in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with HbA1c between 42 to 64 mmol/mol (6–8%) and unchanged anti-diabetic treatment three months prior to inclusion. Intervention consisted in the administration of powdered aqueous ginger extracts in the form of capsules at a dose of 1 g twice daily, for 6 weeks. Before and after intervention we measured body composition by bioimpedance, office blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, liver function tests, serum creatininaemia and full blood count. We also performed 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements, electrocardiography, and transthoracic heart doppler ultrasound with the measurement of e′ velocity, E/A ratio, E/e′ ratio, A wave velocity and E wave velocity, to assess changes in diastolic function. Results: We included 24 patients (18 females) aged 54 + /- 10 years, with 7 years diabetes duration and 49.7 mmol/mol baseline HbA1c. The intervention induced a 3.5% drop in BMI, a 3.1% drop in fat mass, − 10.9% HbA1c and − 25% triglycerides. We equally found a 12.5% drop in A Wave velocity (cm/s), non-significant 20% increase in e′ wave velocity (cm/s), 16.7% increase in E-Wave velocity (cm/s) and a 3.4% non-significant increase in duration of isovolumetric relaxation. ABPM showed a 63.9% increase in systolic and 7.2% increase in diastolic dipping patterns. Conclusion: Six weeks add-on Zingiber officinale has significant metabolic effects with trends towards improvement of blood pressure profile and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Chemical Composition and Active Properties Evaluation of Wild Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale-Roscoe) Essential Oils

The compounds in Ginger (Zingiber officinale-Roscoe) essential oil provenience China and wild oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil of Romanian origin were identified by GC/MS and their antioxidant and antifungal properties were evaluated. Wild oregano oil was characterized by high content of oxygenated monoterpenes hydrocarbons (84.05%) of which carvacrol was the most abundant (73.85%) followed by b-linalool (3.46%) and thymol (2.29%). Ginger oil had a higher content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons including zingiberene (31.47%), b-sesquiphellandrene (13.76%), a-curcumene (10.41%), a-farnesene (8.31%) and b-bisabolene (7.55%) but a lower content of oxygenated monoterpenes (7.97%). The high content of oxygenated monoterpens of wild oregano oil is in accordance with total content of polyphenols determined by the Folin�Ciocalteu method (6.71�0.73 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g oil). Ginger oil had only 1.34�0.22 mg gallic acid equivalent per g oil. Wild oregano oils exhibited appreciable in vitro antioxidant activity as assessed by 2, 2`-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2�-azino-bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). The sample concentration required to scavenge 50% of the DPPH free radicals was 0.76�0.13 mg/mL for wild oregano oil compared to 20.22�2.12 mg/mL for ginger oil. Also, wild oregano oils showed significant inhibitory activity against selected pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum). 1�L of oregano oil is sufficient for almost 75% growth inhibition of Aspergillus flavus compared to ginger oil which shows antifungal activity at 240�L for 78% growth inhibition. It can be concluded that wild oregano oil could be used as food preservative in some food products in which Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum could grow and have potential to produce health hazards mycotoxines.

Antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale roscoe extract as a potential root canal irrigation solution against Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction: This study was aimed to determine and formulate antibacterial activity of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Z. officinale) extract against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as a potential irrigating solution which is easily available and cost-effective. Methods: Extract of Z. officinale Roscoe was yielded through soxhlet technique. Samples divided into two groups, i.e., the extract of Z. officinale Roscoe and chlorhexidine 2% as a control. The antimicrobial activity was observed using the diffuse agar method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial microdilution method, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by cultured samples in blood agar. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe has antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis with the MBC of 15.625 mg/mL. (p<0,05). Conclusion: Extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe have shown antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and can be further developed as a potential root canal irrigation solution.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN RAMUAN HERBAL PADA AIR MINUM TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS, PERSENTASE LEMAK ABDOMEN DAN PERSENTASE HATI PADA AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF RAMUAN IN DRINKING WATER ON CARCASS PERCENTAGE, ABDOMEN FAT PERCENTAGE AND HEART PERCENTAGE OF AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of herbs mixed in water added to percentage of carcass, fat abdomen and heart of “ayam kampung super”. This research used a 84 of chicken at five weeks old.The Herbs were garlic (allium sativum l.), kencur (kaempferia galangal l.), turmeric (curcuma domestika val.), temulawak (curcuma xanthorhiza roxb), ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe), leaf leaves (piper better linn) and mahkota dewa (phaleria macrocarpa boerl). The extracted herbs were mixed with palm sugar and fermented with EM4. The complete randomized design consist of 3 treatments and 7 replications were used as methods. The treatment were formulated as follow R0= drinking water without addition of herbs, R1= 1 liter water + 2.5 of mL herbs, R2= 1 liter drinking water + 5 mL of herbs. Research result showed that the addition of herbs 2.5 mL and 5 mL in drinking water shows no significant effect (P >0.05) on the percentage of carcass and liver percentage, but there was an increase in the percentage of carcass in treatment of R1 and R2. While the treatment gave a high significantly effect (P <0.01) on the percentage of abdominal fat. The conclusion of this research is the giving of herbs up to 5 mL added to drinking water does not cause the percentage change of carcass and liver percentage but the giving 5 mL of herbs decrease of abdominal fat percentage of “ayam kampung super”. Key words: Super local chicken, herbs, percentage carcass, percentage of abdominal fat, percentage liver.

Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis in Trinidad: A descriptive study

BackgroundDespite the paucity of scientific evidence, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used for the prevention and treatment of illness, holistic care, and counteracting the adverse effects of conventional medicine (CM). This study investigates the use of CAM by patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on haemodialysis.MethodsThis quantitative study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 in the haemodialysis unit at San Fernando General Hospital (San Fernando, Trinidad). Face-to-face questionnaire-based interviews were held with101of 125 eligible patients (response rate, 80.5%) at the chairside during haemodialysis. The completed questionnaires were entered into a secure computer database. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, χ2 tests, and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA minority of the patients were CAM users (n = 19; 18.8%). All 19 CAM users took medicinal herbs, 78.9% (n = 15) used spiritual therapy, and 10.5% (n = 2) used alternative systems. Medicinal tea (n = 15; 78.9%), garlic (Allium sativum) (n = 17; 73.7%), and ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) (n = 13; 68.4%) were the most commonly used medicinal herbs. Seven (36.8%) patients used Chinese herbal medicines and 3 (15.8%) patients used Aloe vera. All CAM users were willing to use CAM without supervision or monitoring by their doctors while receiving CM. The use of CAM could not be predicted by age, sex, ethnicity, education, religion, marital status, or employment. Nearly all (98%) patients were satisfied with CAM. More than one-third (36.8%) of patients did not disclose their use of CAM to their doctors, who were generally indifferent to such therapy.ConclusionsThe use of CAM by patients with ESRD was relatively infrequent. All patients used medicinal herbs, most patients used spiritual therapy, and a minority of patients used alternative systems. Complementary and alternative medicine was primarily used for spiritual reasons and the likelihood of its use was influenced by family, friends, and other patients. Patients continued using CM with one or more CAM therapies without informing their healthcare providers, which is a major health risk.

Serum Metabonomics Analysis of Fuzi Lizhong Decoction for the Treatment of Splenasthenic Syndrome

Fuzi lizhong decoction (FLD) derives from an ancient Chinese Pharmacopoeia: San Yin Ji Bing Zheng Fang Lun, composed of equal amounts of Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux (ACD); Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZOR); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GUF); Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AMK); and Codonopsis pilosula Franch. (CPF). Its pill has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders for years. The objective of this study was to clarify the curative effect of FLD on splenasthenic syndrome and to identify biomarkers upon which FLD acts as a therapeutic agent based on a serum metabonomics analysis. Serum samples from a blank group (BG), a model group (MG), and a treatment group (TG) of rats were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS). Then, both the endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways in the MG samples versus the BG samples were investigated. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to separate MG from BG and to filter the different endogenous metabolites between the two groups. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to select potential biomarkers that significantly differed in MG compared with those in BG to evaluate their callback situation in TG. Compound identification was performed based on retention time, accurate mass weight, and MS/MS spectra by searching online databases and references. The results showed that 166 of 1189 total detected ions were different between MG and BG according to the variable importance plot (VIP) values (>1.5) obtained through partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), 62 of which were detected in positive mode and 104 of which were detected in negative mode. Fifteen compounds, including L-palmitoylcarnitine, 11Z-octadecenylcarnitine, LysoPC(14:0), LysoPC(16:1(9Z)), LysoPC(P-18:0), LysoPE(20:0/0:0), LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)), LysoPC(18:1(9Z)), LysoPC(18:0), LysoPC(20:2(11Z,14Z)), LysoPC(20:0), uric acid, 2-phenylethanolglucuronide, LysoPC(15:0), and LysoPC(16:0), were identified and considered biomarkers of splenasthenic syndrome. Among them, LysoPC(15:0), LysoPC(16:0), L-palmitoylcarnitine, 11Z-octadecenylcarnitine, LysoPC(16:1(9Z)), and LysoPC(P-18:0) were retrieved after rats were cured with FLD in TG, and the related pathways involving fatty acid degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism were identified. This experiment confirmed that FLD may treat splenasthenic syndrome by improving fatty acid degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism and is expected to be developed as a beneficial pharmaceutical for the spleen.

Extraction, Characterization of Essential Oils of Ginger (Zingiber officinale rosco) and Study the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial on Shelf life extension of Minced Beef Meat

Extraction, Characterization of Essential Oils of Ginger (Zingiber officinale rosco) and Study the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial on Shelf life extension of Minced Beef Meat

Development of orodispersible films with selected Indonesian medicinal plant extracts

This study focused on the incorporation into orodispersible films (ODFs) of the dried extracts of five selected Indonesian medicinal plants: Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (LS), Phyllanthus niruri L. (PN), Cinnamomum burmanii Blume (CB), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) and Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (PM). Suitable formulae for solvent casting were developed to produce extract containing films with either a combination of hypromellose (HPMC) with carbomer 974P or only hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as film forming agent. Each extract and dose in a formulation rendered different ODF characteristics. Extracts of ZO and CB and a low dose of PM extract (5mg) could be formulated into an ODF containing HPMC with carbomer 974P. For extracts of LS, PN and high doses of PM extract HPC were the most suitable film forming agents. For each extract a different maximum load in a film was found, up to maximum 30mg for extracts of LS and PN. Good products were obtained with 5mg and 10mg of each extract. The quality of the produced ODFs was tested organoleptically, and characterized by determination of uniformity of weight, thickness, disintegration time, surface pH, crystallinity, mechanical properties, water content, residual ethanol, dynamic vapour sorption, physical stability and control of the qualitative profiling of extract composition in the film. Thin layer chromatography indicated that all five extracts remained chemically unaffected during ODF production. In conclusion, ODFs are a suitable novel dosage form for herbal extracts, provided that tailor-made formulations are developed for each extract and each dose.