Abstract
Several bacteria have been reported to be pathogenic to fishes, and some of them were opportunistic pathogen bacteria. Quorum sensing is a widespread phenomenon in bacteria on coordinating gene expression of virulence factors of bacterial pathogens, including biofilms. The aims of this research were to confirm biofilm formation by fish pathogenic bacteria, determine activity of water extracts of medicinal rhizome herb on growth and quorum sensing inhibition ofAeromonas hydrophila. Turmeric (Curcuma longaL.), temu lawak (Curcuma xanthorizaRoxb), ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe), kencur (Kaempferia galangaL.) and galangal (Alpinia galangalL.) rhizomes were used in this study. The extracts were examined on their activity to affect growth and inhibition of biofilms formation byA. hydrophilaat concentrations of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mg/ml. Extract of rhizome medicinal herbs did not affect the growth ofA. hydrophila. Ginger extract at concentration of 40 mg /ml showed the highest inhibition of biofilm formation by 79.7%. Turmeric extract inhibited the biofilm formation by 59.9% at concentration of 30 mg / ml. Kencur extract showed the lowest biofilm inhibitory ability of 7.0%. The results showed the addition of plant rhizome water extracts had anti-quorum sensing activity as evidenced by inhibition of the formation of these bacterial biofilms.
Highlights
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production industry in the world and aquaculture development is carried out by increasing the intensification and commercialization of aquatic production
In this study we evaluate the activity of water extracts from temu lawak ginger, galangal, kencur and turmeric on growth and quorum sensing inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila
Evaluation of biofilm formation with Crystal violet follow the method of Microtiter-Plate Biofilm Assay [14]
Summary
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production industry in the world and aquaculture development is carried out by increasing the intensification and commercialization of aquatic production. This development has consequences for the threat of disease. Disease is a major obstacle in aquaculture, hampering economic and social development in many countries. The annual economic losses for the aquaculture industry through disease are estimated at billions of US dollars worldwide. The main pathogens affecting the aquaculture industry include: bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites [1,2]. Given that bacteria can survive well in aquatic environments, bacterial diseases have become major impediments to aquaculture, especially when water temperature is warm [2]
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