Zakarpattia Region Research Articles

Infectious disease prevention among internally displaced people: Perspectives from Lviv, Ukraine

Abstract Background The ongoing war in Ukraine has increased the risk of infection spikes, especially among internally displaced people. The healthcare challenges in the war context necessitate teaching the population of preventative measures, which have become the primary vector of the activities of the Ukrainian Regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Objectives The research aimed to highlight the activities of the Lviv Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in relation to internally displaced people. Methods The research project analyzed the incidence rate of infectious diseases and vaccination coverage data among the population and internally displaced people in the region. The data were collected from monthly reports of CDC’s departments and alert messages sent by primary care institutions to the CDC. Results According to the Single register of internally displaced people (IDP), 13% of internally displaced people were permanently staying in the Lviv region (the second place was Zakarpattia region - 9% of IDP, and the third was Kyiv - 7% of IDP). In the Lviv region, 237,000 people registered as forcibly displaced. Total, over 700, 000 people are in the area, including the unregistered and 68,000 children. In 2022-2023, the morbidity rates among IDPs did not exceed the rates among the general population in the area. Each IDP residence place had its physician; 11 thousand IDPs were vaccinated, and 3,235 of those were children. In general, 46 mobile medical brigades worked on-site in the Lviv region. Only one spike of gastrointestinal infection was registered. CDC employees provided lectures and workshops on hygiene and food storage in 56 IDP residence places. Conclusions The review results show that coordination between CDCs, local physicians, and mobile medical brigades in the IDP residence areas prevents outbreaks of infectious diseases and swiftly responds to emerging threats. Key messages • The tragic events in Ukraine resulted in healthcare access issues. Lviv CDC, fighting at its own forefront, quickly assessed the risks and efficiently managed the potential hazards. • The Lviv region remains one of the biggest hubs in Ukraine for the temporary residence of internally displaced people, with CDC employees ensuring that preventive measures are effectively carried out.

Digital transformation as a tool for creating an inclusive economy in Ukraine during wartime

The russian aggression against Ukraine underscores the need to reassess regional strategies for digitalization and inclusivity. The study aims to identify strategies for enhancing these areas during wartime. Taxonomy and cluster and factor analysis methods have shown that regions with a higher level of digitalization have lower levels of poverty and unemployment. Specifically, regions in the top quartile of the digitalization index reported, on average, 12% lower unemployment rates compared to those in the bottom quartile. The analysis identifies distinct regional groupings: areas such as Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, Donetsk, and Luhansk are partially occupied and exhibiting low digitalization and inclusivity, in contrast with Mykolaiv and Kirovohrad that show moderate progress. Rural regions face a significant digital divide, with only 60% of rural households having stable internet access compared to 90% in urban areas. Factor analysis confirms that wartime conditions have accelerated digital transformation, evidenced by a 42% increase in Diia app usage from 2021 to 2023 and a rise in internet penetration from 62% in 2019 to 78% in 2023. Additionally, IT sector export revenues grew by 20% in 2022, and technology startups doubled between 2019 and 2023. The study proposes a strategic framework for regional adaptation: intensive digitalization and inclusivity for Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, Donetsk, and Luhansk regions; digitalization for Mykolaiv region; inclusivity for Kirovohrad and Zakarpattia regions; and balanced adaptation for Chernivtsi and Khmelnytskyi regions. Recommended measures include modernizing digital infrastructure, expanding educational opportunities, supporting startups, and aligning digital and social initiatives to foster regional resilience and development.

Influence of «ORGANIC MAX» organic fertilizer on soil condition in Zakarpattia

With a shortage of traditional organic fertilizers and a constant increase in the cost of mineral fertilizers, it is important to find alternative environmentally friendly sources of nutrients. The effectiveness of the new organic fertilizer «Organic MAX», made on the basis of lignite (brown coal) and chicken droppings in the conditions of Zakarpattia region, which provides positive changes in the agrochemical criteria of the soil, has been proposed and studied. Under the influence of bird droppings, the humic substances of lignite go into a physiologically active state and effectively act as plant growth stimulants and sources of nutrients. According to the results of field studies, there is an increase in the effectiveness of this fertilizer with an increase in the content of animal waste: «Organic MAX–20» (lignite + 20% chicken droppings) and «Organic MAX–30» (lignite + 30% chicken droppings). It was found that the application of this fertilizer at a rate of 1 t/ha provided an increase in the content of organic soil matter (humus) by 0.05% for pure lignite, by 0.19% for Organic MAX–20 and by 0.66% for Organic MAX–30. There was also an increase in the content of nutrients: easily hydrolyzed nitrogen by 14.1–55.9 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus compounds at 64.5–109.3 mg/kg; mobile potassium compounds at 64.9–125.5 mg/kg. The effective effect of the fertilizers applied for the next year was revealed despite the high level of nutrient removal by a crop such as corn. The humic component is a nutrient medium for soil bacteria. The active work of microorganisms is the main link in the process of humus formation. After fertilization, there is an improvement in the water-physical properties of the soil, an increase in microbiological activity, as well as a decrease in the negative impact of adverse factors on the development of plants. On acidic soils, first of all, liming must be carried out before fertilizing. The type of this fertilizer is chosen for a specific crop after conducting agrochemical analyzes of the soil. The most effective application of these fertilizers on low-humus low-fertile soils, as well as non-structural ones, since they contribute to the optimization of soil properties. Its use is economically and environmentally feasible. It is possible to recommend environmentally friendly organic fertilizer «Organic MAX» for use in organic farming, the popularity of which in Ukraine is growing every year, to resume soil fertility.

АНАЛІЗ ТОВАРНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ЗАКАРПАТСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the analysis of the product structure of foreign trade of the Transcarpathian region, the study of export and import volumes, and the determination of trends and problems of foreign trade. It has been established that the analysis of the commodity structure of the foreign trade of the Zakarpattia region in modern conditions faces a number of problems that require detailed research. The article examines the components of foreign trade (export and import) of Zakarpattia for 2023-2020 and analyzes the dynamics of these indicators for the period under study.

Migration and challenges arising from the Russian armed conflict in 2022: The case of Zakarpattia

The current study delves into the contemporary challenges within the Zakarpattia region of Western Ukraine. It accomplishes this by examining the circumstances of the local populace and the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) hailing from Eastern Ukraine who arrived following the onset of the armed conflict in February 2022. Official statistics were employed to scrutinize the social and economic characteristics of the IDPs, as well as their influence on local development in Zakarpattia. These findings were then compared to the on-site research conducted by the author in the region during August 2023. The primary conclusions drawn from this research affirm the amelioration of the local economic status and job prospects in Zakarpattia as well as the adaptation of the IDPs to the new life in the region.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSING THE GENDER IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the main aspects that form a methodological approach to assessing the gender impact of the action and implementation of the Territorial Community Development Strategy. Design/methodology/approach. Semantic analysis, comparative analysis and the systematisation method were used to form a system of gender-sensitive indicators; the grouping method and structural and logical modelling were used to develop a rationale for the sequence of gender impact assessment. The abstract and logical method was used to formulate conclusions and theoretically summarise the results of the study. Findings. The main task of conducting a gender impact assessment of a community development strategy is to determine whether certain programmes or development processes have contributed to or hindered the implementation of gender equality principles in the community. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodological sources, the article presents the gender impact assessment as a set of mutually agreed stages. At the first stage, the goals, principles and target groups of gender-sensitive groups are established. A gender analysis is conducted to identify existing gender roles and the challenges and obstacles to equal participation that they pose for gender-sensitive groups. The development of a gender-responsive methodology includes the creation of a system of methods, rules, principles and approaches aimed at assessing gender equality and determining the impact of a particular community development strategy on gender aspects. In order to assess gender impact, the article develops a system of gender-sensitive indicators. Presentation of the results, conclusions and recommendations in the gender impact assessment of the action or implementation of the community development strategy is the final stage. At this stage, a detailedpresentation of the information obtained is made, and the main conclusions are formulated regarding the identified gender inequalities and the specifics of the impact of the programme document on gender-sensitive groups. The results of the assessment and recommendations can be made public to the public and other stakeholders, and public discussions and hearings can be organised, as well as consultations with residents of the local community to ensure broad participation and involvement of different groups. The developed conclusions and recommendations are usually documented in the form of a report. The proposed methodological approach to gender impact assessment was tested on the data and information contained in the Development Strategy of Velyky Bychkivska settlement territorial community for the period up to 2027. The Velyky Bychkiv territorial community is located in the Rakhiv district of the Zakarpattia region of Ukraine. Practical implications. The practical implications encompass the development of a more effective methodological approach for assessing gender impact within the context of territorial community development strategies. This contribution holds significance for local self-government bodies, governmental entities, activist groups, and other stakeholders involved in the process. Implementing the proposed methodological approach has the potential to enhance the overall management of territorial development, ensuring a more efficient consideration of gender aspects in decision-making processes. Moreover, it can contribute to heightened gender sensitivity among participants involved in the decision-making process, fostering a more inclusive and equitable approach to strategic community development. Originality/value. The originality and value of the article lie in its innovative methodological approach to evaluating the gender impact of implementing the Territorial Community Development Strategy. The article introduces a comprehensive framework that not only identifies and analyzes gender-specific factors at various stages but also offers practical recommendations for addressing gender inequalities within the context of community development. This contribution adds unique insights to the existing literature by providing a nuanced and context-specific methodology tailored to the intricacies of territorial community development. The article's value extends to practitioners, policymakers, and researchers engaged in gender-responsive planning, offering a practical tool to enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of strategic development initiatives

Implementation of International Conventions on the Participation of National Communities in Creation of TV Broadcasting (on the example

Based on the analysis of international legal standards, the article investigates the possibilities and conditions of television sets in the context of cove-rage of the life of national minorities in Ukraine on the example of the Chernivtsi and Zakarpattia regions. The author concludes: research on television coverage of the activities of national minorities is an indicator of the balance of local, state and international political interests. In the context of the information war aimed at manipulating the image of Ukraine in the context of its positioning as a State that infringes on the right of ethnic communities to express themselves in their own language, the realization of the rights of communities to create content becomes particularly important: it is also about the influence on the work of Ukraine to improve the legislation in the context of the European integration. The article emphasizes the priority of creation and financial support of TV platforms where representatives of national communities can produce and distribute media content that does not contradict the national interests of Ukraine.

ВИРОЩУВАННЯ СОРГО ЗЕРНОВОГО НА КИСЛИХ ГРУНТАХ В УМОВАХ ЗАКАРПАТСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The work aims to conduct production field research to determine the potential yield level of grain sorghum on acidic soils, as well as work out the generally accepted basic elements of cultivation technology with its subsequent cultivation in the Zakarpattia region. Materials and methods. In 2023, the production range for growing grain sorghum at Karpatiagroproduct LLC was located in the lowland zone of Uzhgorod district, Zakarpattia region. The article describes agrotechnical operations related to soil cultivation, application of fertilizers and plant protection products that were used in the farm, the main of which was the application of mineral fertilizer diammonium phosphate (NP 18:46) at the rate of 160 kg during sowing. The sowing rate was 165,000 seeds per hectare with a row width of 37 sm. Results. Sorghum is not picky about soils, so it can grow on both clay and sandy soils. The landfill where sorghum was grown is characterized by a low content of mobile phosphorus (6.33 mg/kg), a very low content of total nitrogen (N-NO3- + N-NH4+ – 8.92 mg/kg). According to the degree of acidity, the soil belongs to a very acidic soil (the hydrogen index of the saline extract of the soil is 4.08). In the economic conditions of 2023, the yield of sorghum grain hybrid Iceberg was 4.4 t/ha, which is 1.0 t/ha more than the average yield of sorghum in Ukraine over the past 10 years. Taking into account the genetic potential of this crop and the sufficient level of moisture supply of the territory, the level of the sorghum harvest should be twice as large. Because sorghum is not recommended to be grown on acidic, waterlogged soils with a close occurrence of groundwater, the underachieved level of the harvest to some extent may be related to this. In addition, the low content of mobile phosphorus and very low content of available nitrogen, which is characteristic of acidic clay soils, to some extent negatively affected the processes of crop yield formation. Conclusions. The obtained sorghum yield at Karpatiagroproduct LLC - 4.4 t/ha is lower than the average yield in Italy, by 2.6 t/ha, and in France - by 0.6 t/ha. However, it was in the territory of Ukraine that the record yield of sorghum in the world was obtained - 14.43 t/ha, which testifies to the high potential of grain sorghum and the unlimited potential of scientific and industrial research to reveal the genetic expression of this crop. Keywords: grain sorghum, yield, soil pH, «Iceberg» hybrid, agricultural technology.

Personnel provision of specialized medical care in the Zakarpattia region through the lens of war

Personnel provision of specialized medical care in the Zakarpattia region through the lens of war

INVASIVE INSECT SPECIES CYDALIMA PERSPECTALIS (WALKER, 1859): GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION, INVASION IN UKRAINE AND DAMAGE IN CHERNIVTSI REGION

Invasions of species into ecosystems cause their transformation and, in certain cases, their degradation. The study was carried out to determine the extent of the invasion of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859). For this purpose, the following aspects were analyzed: distribution of the species in different countries of the worldі, history of invasion of the pest in Ukraine, degree of damage to plantations of different box (Buxus L.) species and colony density in certain areas. The chronology of the distribution of C. perspectalis was studied using literature sources and international databases: Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE), European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). The information on the history of the species' invasion in Ukraine and in particular in the Chernivtsi region was found in the literature, using the database of the National Biodiversity Information Network (UkrBIN), through questionnaires and personal observations using the route method (counting the number of C. perspectalis on a certain route). The degree of damage to Buxus sp. shrubs was determined visually using a scale. The density of C. perspectalis in each area was assessed by total counts and direct counts in situ with a parallel assessment of habitat size. It was found that the expansion of C. perspectalis beyond its native range began in 2006 from southwestern Germany. In 15 years, the species has occupied the territories of about 40 mainland and island countries of the North American and European continents. Since 2014, after the invasion of the Zakarpattia region, C. perspectalis has begun to spread throughout the Ukrainian territories. Currently, the secondary range of the species is represented by 14 regions. The presence of C. perspectalis has been detected in 16 settlements of Chernivtsi region, where the degree of damage to box shrubs is mostly severe. The density of caterpillars on most bushes is up to 100 individuals/m2, which indicates the high damage of the species. Key words: Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), invasive species, damage, expansion.

ANAEROBIC CAPACITY OF POSTPUBESCENT FEMALESFROM THE LOWLAND AREAS OF ZAKARPATTIA

B a c k g r o u n d . Human physical health depends on the body's ability to adjust (adapt) to the conditions of the external environment, while maintaining normal functional parameters of all physiological systems. The urgent mechanism of such adaptation is carried out by a humoral and reflex way, however, this process is personified by the somatotype of a person. Therefore, determining the component composition of the body and somatotype allows to individualize the ways to prevent certain diseases, to choose effective treatment tactics, as well as to predict the effectiveness of the treatment. The purpose of the study is to establish the ability of females of different somatotypes, who are residents of lowland areas of the Zakarpattia region, to adapt to physical work in the anaerobic mode of energy supply. M e t h o d s . 118 healthy females aged 16 to 20, residents of lowland areas, participated in the study. To assess the ability to perform physical work on a cycle ergometer in anaerobic mode, we using the Wingate anaerobic test described by Yu.M. Furman et al. We also measured the capacity of anaerobic lactic processes according to the method of Shögy A., Cherebetin G. The somatotype was determined by the Heath-Carter method. R e s u l t s . The examined females, residents of lowland areas, were represented by 5 somatotypes: ectomorphic, endomorphic, endomesomorphic, mesoectomorphic, and balanced. The largest number of individuals were of balanced (34.7 %) and endomesomorphic (32.2 %) somatotype, the smallest of ectomorphic (10.2 %) and mesoectomorphic (9.3 %) somatotype. In individuals with an endomesomorphic somatotype, the average value WAnT 10 rel. (40.25±1.23 kgm·min-1·kg-1) significantly exceeds the average value of females only of the endomorphic (37.1±0.65 kgm·min-1·kg-1) somatotype. At the same time, the average value of WAnT 10 rel. in representatives of the balanced (40.5±1.28 kgm·min-1·kg-1) somatotype significantly (р<0.05) exceeds the value of females of the endomorphic somatotype by 9.2 % and those of the ectomorphic somatotype (37.4±0, 76 kgm·min-1·kg-1) by 8.2 %. It is worth noting that the lowest average values of WAnT 30 rel. are observed in representatives of lowland areas of ectomorphic (35.4±0.72 kgm·min-1·kg-1) and endomorphic (35.7±0.96 kgm·min-1·kg-1) somatotypes, which do not differ from each other (p>0.05). The highest average values of WAnT 30 rel. in residents of the lowland areas were found in females of the endomesomorphic (39.0±1.03 kgm·min-1·kg-1) and balanced (39.33±0.89 kgm·min-1·kg-1) somatotypes, which are significantly higher (by 6 %) than the values of the representatives of the mesoectomorphic somatotype, and higher than the values of representatives of the ectomorphic and endomorphic somatotype (by 11 % and 10 %, respectively). C o n c l u s i o n s . Anaerobic productivity of females from Transcarpathia is related to somatotypological features of the body. There are gender differences in the adaptation of young people to physical work of anaerobic orientation depending on the somatotype. Among girls living in lowland areas, endomesomorphs and individuals with a balanced somatotype exhibit the highest capacity of anaerobic alactate and lactate energy supply processes for muscle work, and ectomorphs have the lowest capacity.

HUMU CONTENT IN THE SOILS OF THE LOW ZONE OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

On the basis of research carried out in the XI round of ecological and agrochemical certification, the humus condition of the soils of the lowland zone of the Zakarpattia region is shown.Qualitative and quantitative changes in soil properties and the content of humus and nutrients in it are influenced by long-term and systematic soil cultivation, application of mineral fertilizers, chemical land reclamation, as well as the introduction of crop rotation. In recent years, almost a third of the "golden" reserves of humus have been lost from the bank of national soil fertility in Ukraine. Every five years, the soils of Ukraine lose 0.04% - 0.05% of humus, that is, 300 - 350 kg disappear in one year [1]. The main accumulator of soil energy, the regulator of the water-absorbing capacity of the soil, its biological activity is the organic substance - humus. Therefore, the content, reserves and qualitative condition of humus are among the important indicators, the level of which depends on almost all the agronomically valuable properties of the soil. The growth of humus content is a long-term process, and its decrease is extremely fast. The problem of humus is extremely important for the soils of Transcarpathia, as a large amount of precipitation (more than 700 mm per year) contributes to its leaching. In addition, meager rates of organic fertilizers, due to the decrease in livestock, do not compensate for the removal of humus from the soil. Key words: soils, humus, biologization, agrochemical certification, lowland zone

Representative Virtual Material Collections about University Scientists: The Experience of the Uzhhorod National University Library

Objective. The research is aimed at studying practical experience of creation and application of the representations of virtual material collections about the scientists of the Uzhhorod National University, as one of the important popularization mechanisms of the university science. Methods. Using our own developments, we attempted to familiarize the library community with the specialized methodology of representation work of the scientific library of the Uzhhorod National University during quarantine restrictions and martial law in Ukraine. Using the comparative analysis, the efficiency of the representations of virtual material collections, created by the library as publicizing the development of university science and culture of the region and the interest of remote users in them has been proven. Results. The substantiation of the obtained results is based on the characteristics of the Uzhhorod National University library during remote work of the institution, aimed at increasing the interest of virtual users in the content of the library. The efficiency of using the method of representations of information products of libraries during the period of difficult physical access to the library funds of Ukraine has been confirmed. Analysis of the expansion of the library’s information services and the practical recommendations regarding the active popularization of scientists and prominent figures of the Zakarpattia region are considered as one of the methods of reorienting the work of the library and its services in accordance with today’s challenges. Conclusions. The important role of library support in the popularization of science and culture of the region, as an important factor of practical library assistance to society during the times of trials for Ukraine, has been confirmed.

RATIONAL USE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION IN TRANSCARPATTIA

The issue of assessing the use of agricultural land in Zakarpattia Oblast and the rationale for food production on agricultural lands was considered. The state is introducing changes to land legislation that prioritize state interests over the interests of private individuals in wartime conditions. Food security is one of the priority tasks of the state. Keywords: Agriculture, agricultural land, rational use, food production in Zakarpattia region, forms of economic activity

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CARIES PREVENTION IN CHILDREN LIVING IN THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

Prevention of dental diseases is an economically justified, promising and effective area of modern dentistry, especially for children.
 The aim of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of early prevention of caries of temporary teeth in children who have been living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia region for a long time.
 Materials and methods. An examination of 251 children aged 5–11 years (129 girls 51.4% and 122 boys 48.6%), residents of the mountain and lowland zones of Zakarpattia region, was conducted. The level of hygiene was assessed with the help of the Fedopov-Volodkin hygienic index, and the caries resistance of tooth enamel was determined using the DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Germany) and TEP-tect (V.P. Okyshko, L.I. Kocapeva, 1983). Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out on a personal computer using the licensed programs ˝MS Excel 7˝ for the operating system˝ Windows˝ and the standard program package "STATISTICA" v. 6.0.
 Conclusions. The application of the proposed caries prevention scheme led to positive results, which was confirmed by a repeat examination after 6 months: a satisfactory level of hygiene prevailed in all examinees and the level of caries resistance of enamel reliably improved. It was statistically established that the presence of a decompensated degree of caries activity has an obvious correlation with a low level of tooth enamel caries resistance in all studied patients (r=0.87, p=0.05).

THE ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS OF MALY GALAGOV IN UZHHOROD 1919 – 1938.

The paper examines the history of the construction of administrative buildings in the new Maly Galagov quarter of Uzhhorod by the government of the Czechoslovakia Republic during the years 1919–1938. After the incorporation of Subcarpathian Rus into the republic in 1919, the question arose regarding developing the region's capital to become autonomous. Numerous officials and experts from various levels, mainly from the Czech lands, arrived in Uzhhorod to organize the administrative apparatus. The city's infrastructure, including administrative buildings, could not accommodate the newly arrived officials. The existing buildings did not meet modern standards or the capacity required for the city's prospective growth. This prompted the central government to consider the construction of ministry branches and other government buildings within tight deadlines. For this purpose, a non-urbanized territory was selected, which required preliminary preparation for the beginning of construction works. Accordingly, building design was carried out in parallel with constructing other objects and laying roads and municipal communications. As a result, by 1938, eleven administrative and other ministry buildings were erected, which are the subject of this research. The basis for the paper is the materials from the State Archives of the Zakarpattia Region in Berehove, particularly Fund No. 21, «Regional Administration of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Uzhhorod.» The paper is also supplemented by comparing the situation in the architecture of administrative buildings in the republic's cities, such as Prague, Bratislava, and others, based on information from contemporary and modern sources and literature. The paper includes an analysis of the features of anti-crisis, urban planning, and technical solutions. In this context, the issue of stylistics is not overlooked as one of the factors of state policy identity. Through architecture and urban planning, the vectors and priorities set by the Czechoslovak Republic in the multi-ethnic region, which was then Subcarpathian Ruthenia with its capital in Uzhhorod, can be traced. The article presents material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Research into the history of the construction of administrative buildings in Uzhhorod during the interwar period will help outline this issue and provide a basis for research on each highlighted object.

Features of inventory of green plantings by automated terrestrial laser scanning methods

The aim of this work is to investigate the process of obtaining necessary information about the metric parameters of small-area arrays, linearly arranged and individual green plantings on predominantly urbanized territories, and to apply the results of data processing in the compilation of topographic and special maps from the corresponding scanning materials. Methodology. For this purpose, terrestrial laser scanning methods, dynamic laser scanning as a data source for tree-level mapping of the territory, and as an information base for filling in the respective cadastres are subject to research. The possibilities of using data from these methods to obtain information about green plantings using modern software tools have been explored. Based on terrestrial laser scanning data performed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory spatial reference documents, data processing of terrestrial laser scanning was carried out using automated methods, namely the Terrasolid software suite. The need for more than 40% coverage of the tree trunk with a point cloud obtained from laser scanning to eliminate possible errors in determining the relevant parameters due to the heterogeneity of the structure of different tree trunks has been confirmed. Preliminary processing of scanning materials was carried out using FARO Scene 2020 software. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An experiment was conducted to analyze the creation of both a plan-altitude and an information base regarding green plantings on selected objects within the Zakarpattia region. The process of collecting data on green plantings was improved by using terrestrial laser scanning and partial GNSS measurements, instead of traditional topographic-geodetic methods. A table containing information on green planting data has been created for the studied objects' territory. Automated methods were used to gather this information, including details about their location in the adopted coordinate system and the trunk diameter at a height of 1.3 meters.

Кореляційні зв’язки між функціональним станом організму та конституційними характеристиками складу маси тіла юнаків гірських районів Закарпаття

Aerobic and anaerobic productivity of the body are integral indicators of physical health. assessment of physical health based on indicators of aerobic and anaerobic productivity makes it possible to characterize it not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively [3]. The ability to demonstrate aerobic capabilities largely depends on the content of muscles, which are the main consumer of oxygen in the body [10]. Fat does the role of a regulator of metabolic processes in the body and is the main source of energy during long-term work of low intensity, which is performed due to aerobic energy supply mechanisms of muscle activity. To clarify the degree of influence of somatotype components and components of body weight on the functional capabilities of young men living in the mountainous districts of Zakarpattia, we conducted a correlation analysis. Researches was conducted in 124 young men of the post-puberty period of ontogenesis aged 17 to 21 years, residents of the mountainous districts of the Zakarpattia region. Physical health status was assessed by indicators of the aerobic productivity of the body, namely, the maximum oxygen consumption was measured (VО 2 max ) using the bicycle ergometry method. To evaluate the level of aerobic productivity, the Ya. P. Pyarnat’s rating scale was used [14]. Indicators of anaerobic productivity of the body were studied by: measuring the power of anaerobic alactic energy supply processes by the Peak Power Output in 10 s (WAnT 10 ); the power of anaerobic lactic energy supply processes by the Peak Power Output in 30 s (WAnT 30 ), using the Wingate anaerobic test described by Yu. M. Furman et al. [15]. The anaerobic lactic productivity of the organism was measured by the Peak Power Output (PPO) in 1 min using A. Shogy and G. Cherebetin’s method [16]. The component body mass composition was determined using the impedance method with the application of Somatotype was determined by the Heath-Carter method, which provides a three-component (fat, muscle and bone) anthropometric assessment [17]. Omron BF511 Body Composition Monitor to estimate the percentage of fat mass (subcutaneous and visceral fat) and the percentage of skeletal muscle [18]. The statistical processing of the material was carried out in Excel 7.0 and SPSS version 10.0 using Student’s t-test to find out the reliability of the difference between the average values. In young men, divided by somatotype, it was established that in representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype, higher values of the fat component largely cause lower values of VO 2 max rel. to (r = -0.706; p < 0.001), correspondingly lower level of aerobic performance. Higher values of BMI in young men of endomesomorphic and mesomorphic somatotypes cause higher values of the absolute VO2 max indicator, as indicated by the correlation (r = 0.727; p < 0.001 and r = 0.880; p < 0.001, respectively). The degree of development of the components of the somatotype does not have a significant impact on the aerobic performance of young men of different morphological types, which is confirmed by a correlation that does not exceed the average degree. Among young men of different somatotypes, there is no correlation of body composition, BMI with the power of anaerobic lactate energy supply processes, or the strength of the connection does not exceed the average. It was found that higher BMI values significantly cause a higher level of anaerobic lactate productivity of the body only in representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype, as indicated by a strong direct correlation (r = 0.740; p < 0.001) with the WAnT30 absolute indicator. A strong negative influence of percentage fat content in the body on the capacity of the anaerobic lactate productivity of the body in young men of the mesoectomorphic somatotype, which is evidenced by negative correlation (r = -0.445; p > 0.05) with the PPO rel. Higher values of BMI cause a lower level of anaerobic lactate productivity of the body in young men mesoectomorphic and endomesomorphic somatotypes, which is confirmed by a strong negative correlation with the PPO rel. (r = -0.594, p < 0.01; r = -0.430, p < 0.01 respectively). In addition, in young men of the endomesomorphic somatotype, higher values of BMI cause higher values of the absolute index of PPO (r = 0.628; p < 0,001).

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИНАМІКИ КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ ЗА ВИДАМИ АКТИВІВ НА ЗАКАРПАТТІ

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of capital investments by types of assets in the Transcarpathian region for the period 2010-2021. Given that foreign trade is a key factor in the development of the country's economy, capital investment is one of the main engines of economicdevelopment in Transcarpathia. They contribute to the modernization of infrastructure, the development of industry, the agricultural sector, tourism, energy, education and science, as well as the improvement of social infrastructure. Thanks to capital investments, productivity is achieved, new jobs are created, the quality of life of the population increases and long-term economic sustainability of the region is ensured. The article indicates the importance of capital investments for the economy of Transcarpathia in several main areas: modernization of infrastructure, development of industry, agriculture, tourism and recreation, energy, education and science, social infrastructure. In modern conditions, when the region needs all the largest capital investments, it is important to analyze their dynamics not only by volume, but also by types of assets. Such an analysis allows us to determine the key trends of capital investment in the Transcarpathian region The article analyzes the dynamics of capital investments in the Transcarpathian region for the past 2010-2021, and analyzes the dynamics of capital investment growth over the period under study. It was concluded that the largest capital investment was made in 2019 and 2021, the amount was UAH 9,330,284 thousand. and UAH 9,184,293 thousand. in accordance. The smallest amounts of capital investments were made in 2010, 2013 and 2014, which amounted to UAH 2,205,374 thousand, UAH 2,645,793 thousand. and UAH 2,638,670 thousand. in accordance. The article analyzes the specific weight of investments in tangible and intangible assets to the total volume of capital investments in Zakarpattia region. It was established that the growth dynamics of investments in material assets of Zakarpattia Oblast in 2010-2021 had a stable nature and amounted to approximately 0.02% every year. Regarding the dynamics of changes in investments in intangible assets of Zakarpattia Oblast, certain changes also occurred during the studied period. The largest increase in investment in intangible assets was in 2018 and 2021, which amounted to 1.1% in these years, and the lowest value of the increase occurred in 2019 and amounted to 0.2%. It is obvious that the volume of capital investments in Zakarpattia region by types of assets testifies to the high value of capital investments for the economy of both the region and the whole of Ukraine.

Protection of reproductive health of children: problems of gender and age discrimination

Research objectives: to investigate the problems of gender and age discrimination in the modern discourse on the protection of children’s reproductive health, to analyze the most important issues including the concept of child reproductive health, normative guarantees in the field of children’s reproductive health, protection of reproductive children’s health in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, social obstacles to the proper realization of children’s reproductive rights, etc.
 Materials and methods. A survey was based on the author’s developed questionnaires in order to find out the level of reproductive health and sexual violence among children. The focus group was formed by 540 children: 288 girls and 252 boys aged 15–18 living in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia regions. The research period covered the years 2021–2023. The error of the obtained results, taking into account the number of respondents, was 2–3.5%. The questionnaires are designed for anonymous and quick filling.
 Results. Today’s problems and challenges of an environmental, pandemic, and military nature are partially offset by rapid and continuous improvements in social and economic conditions, along with changes in demographics, lifestyles, the environment, and innovations in medical and therapeutic technologies. In general, there is sufficient number of normative protection guarantees that exist at the normative level. However, the problem is manifested in the fact that declarative norms are often ineffective, as they do not entail real guarantees of an organizational and institutional nature regarding the protection and protection of children’s medical rights. Despite the special needs and vulnerabilities that children face, most services are not organized to recognize or meet these needs.
 Conclusions. It is substantiated that the family is the most important institution in the socialization of a child, and its life experience plays an important role in ensuring that the child is a healthy individual in the broad sense of this concept, which includes physical and psychological criteria. It has been established that characteristics and relationships in the family, especially in the preschool period (the most critical process of children’s development) can positively or negatively affect the structure of the child’s personality. Sudden changes and extraordinary events experienced by the family in the process of adaptation to social changes can cause the family to experience a crisis situation.