World Cup In Brazil Research Articles

The Impact of Surface Structure Changes on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Modern Soccer Balls

PURPOSE This study comprehensively examined the aerodynamic and flight characteristics of modern soccer balls, focusing on their design evolution and performance attributes. METHODS The aerodynamic characteristics of five types of World Cup balls (2006 Germany World Cup, 2010 South Africa World Cup, 2014 Brazil World Cup, 2018 Russia World Cup, 2022 Qatar World Cup) and five types of Euro tournament balls (EURO2008, EURO2012, EURO2016, EURO2020, EURO2024) were examined, along with their respective design changes. RESULTS Through detailed analysis, significant variations in aerodynamic properties among soccer balls used in various tournaments were identified. Recent advancements have resulted in faster transitions towards critical Reynolds numbers, indicating improved stability in flight trajectories. This enhancement was attributed to the augmentation of surface roughness, which plays a crucial role in enhancing aerodynamic stability and overall performance. 2D simulations simulating powerful goalkeeper kicks revealed distinct differences in flight distances among different soccer balls; the Jabulani ball used in the 2010 World Cup exhibited the longest flight distance, while that of the 2024 Euro ball was the shortest. CONCLUSIONS Variations in surface texture significantly impact aerodynamic properties, affecting flight distance, arrival time, and height. This study underscores the significant design enhancements in modern soccer balls that optimize aerodynamic stability and performance, with modifications aimed at improving flight characteristics and enriching player experience.

On the trace of the 2014 FIFA World Cup: critical reflections on the production of urban space in Itaquera, São Paulo, SP

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil gave rise to a series of studies on the production of space and tourism and the participation of mega-events in urban planning. The planning of the space aimed at hosting the FIFA World Cup reoriented the social practice of the host cities and deepened the existing segregations. This work aims to analyze the process of production of urban space as a result of mega-events based on the case study of the neighborhood of Itaquera, São Paulo, based on a critical perspective and considering the demands of the population. From the neoliberal perspective of strategic planning applied in cities, we seek to understand the production of space in the host city, from the point of view of public decisions and also from the perception of the local population. For this, interviews were conducted with residents of Itaquera. When reflecting on Itaquera, we identify that a new centrality is established, which helps us to understand the ongoing processes of space production in the region. Although part of the urban transformations took place during the city's preparation period for the mega-event, the criticism presented in this work rests on a modus operandi according to which the collective production of a fairer and more accessible space for the population effectively did not come true.

Prediction of business opportunities in FIFA world cups

FIFA world cup as the high level sport competition event in the world always bring with lots of business opportunities. This article is using an event study approach to empirically study the industry chain holding during FIFA world cup, benefits for the host country and the economic impacts around the world. The study is using literature review and key study method newspaper investigate to comparing data found from“Nano data”. According to the study, local businesses like Coca-Cola, Johnson & Johnson, Hyundai, and Nestle, as well as Bank Itau and Oi Communications, will spend an average of $2 million per day on television advertising during the 32 days of the World Cup in Brazil, breaking the previous record of $2.9 billion. During Russia FIFA world cup in 2018, the GDP in Russia growth for 2%,Russia took the opportunity to improve the appearance of 11 cities. After hosting the World Cup in Russia, it is expected that 300,000 new jobs will be created every year. The construction, tourism and other industries will make great progress, and the national economy will be greatly improved. The short-term revenue from the World Cup in Russia is at least $6 billion. Base on the research, FIFA world cup has many business opportunities which could bring many benefits for hosting country and the sponsorship.

Copyright Act License for Commercial Broadcasting of 2014 World Cup Matches

This study intends to determine the legal protection of copyright as licenses for broadcast copyrighted world cup works. Specifically, this study investigates the legal protection criteria for licenses registered with the Directorate General for Intellectual Property Rights. In addition, it attempts to examine instances of court decisions relating to copyright licensing issues. This study employs normative research and literature in accordance with a statutory methodology. As described in Article 83, paragraph 1, of the Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014, copyright certainty is established if the copyright has been registered with the Directorate General for Intellectual Property Rights. In order for the license agreement to have legal repercussions for third parties, it must be registered, but in practice it cannot be executed because there are no penalties for third parties that break the license. Similarly, in the instance of copyright infringement, the Judicial Review decision No. 43 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2017 is one of them. FIFA recognized PT Inter Sports Marketing as the exclusive licensee for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, as the company had registered. Due to violations by a Semarang hotel, the verdict did not reflect the losses sustained. It seemed as though the registration had been in vain since it lacked sufficient legal clarity.Keywords: Copyright; License; Legal Protection; World Cup.

Copyright Act License for Commercial Broadcasting of 2014 World Cup Matches

This study intends to determine the legal protection of copyright as licenses for broadcast copyrighted world cup works. Specifically, this study investigates the legal protection criteria for licenses registered with the Directorate General for Intellectual Property Rights. In addition, it attempts to examine instances of court decisions relating to copyright licensing issues. This study employs normative research and literature in accordance with a statutory methodology. As described in Article 83, paragraph 1, of the Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014, copyright certainty is established if the copyright has been registered with the Directorate General for Intellectual Property Rights. In order for the license agreement to have legal repercussions for third parties, it must be registered, but in practice it cannot be executed because there are no penalties for third parties that break the license. Similarly, in the instance of copyright infringement, the Judicial Review decision No. 43 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2017 is one of them. FIFA recognized PT Inter Sports Marketing as the exclusive licensee for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, as the company had registered. Due to violations by a Semarang hotel, the verdict did not reflect the losses sustained. It seemed as though the registration had been in vain since it lacked sufficient legal clarity.

Analysis of the legal protection of broadcasting rights in Indonesia

There were so many violations of the 2014 Brazil World Cup soccer match broadcast. The 2014 Brazil World Cup broadcast violations were resolved through litigation, namely the Commercial Court because it was a violation of the Related Rights. There are two laws and regulations in positive law in Indonesia related to broadcast rights. The Broadcasting Law and UUHC are the legal umbrella for protecting the implementation of broadcast rights. The realization of these two laws regulates two different things. The Broadcasting Law regulates the license of a broadcasting institution while the UUHC regulates the protection of broadcast work content which is included in Related Rights, thus raising questions regarding how to protect broadcast work holders and control broadcast rights in Indonesia. The method used is juridical empirical. The results of the research show that protection for broadcast work holders who can also be called creators is protected by Article 40 UUHC which is basically included in protected works, thus UUHC has provided protection for broadcast works and broadcast work holders even though Article 40 UUHC does not explicitly mention about broadcast works themselves, but broadcast works are protected by broadcasting institutions based on Article 3 letter b of the UUHC, namely Related Rights and the supervision of Broadcast Rights in Indonesia is currently being monitored by KPI based on the mandate of the Broadcasting Law. In practice, not only KPI can supervise, but the public can participate if there is a broadcast without permission or license from the holder of the broadcast work.

A Mulatto Brazil – the narrative of the Dionysian character of Brazilian society in the 2014 FIFA World Cup

ABSTRACT The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil conveyed – by its slogan, mascot, posters and ceremonies – the idea of a Mulatto Brazil (an inventive and festive nation under the sign of two idiosyncratic worlds). We argue that such a reference – based on the duality between Dionysius and Apollo (as contemplated by Nietzsche and brought to the context of Brazil and football by Freyre) – was used as a means of bringing forward an idea of the exceptionality of Brazilian society (based on nationalist concepts of ethnicity) to attract tourists, ease social tensions and justify the event’s costs.

FIFA/Coca-Cola World Rankings on the Predictability of the Men’s and Women’s FIFA World Cup: A Comparative Analysis

Since 1992, the International Federation of Association Football
 (FIFA) has been ranking senior men’s national soccer teams based on a variety
 of criteria. In 2003, FIFA extended the FIFA/Coca-Cola World Rankings into
 ranking senior women’s national soccer teams. The FIFA/Coca-Cola World
 Rankings published just before the 1994 FIFA World Cup USA, 1998 FIFA
 World Cup France, 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan, 2006 FIFA World Cup
 Germany, 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil,
 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia, 2003 FIFA World Cup USA, 2007 FIFA World
 Cup China, 2011 FIFA World Cup Germany, 2015 FIFA World Cup Canada,
 and the 2019 FIFA World Cup France were considered. These rankings were
 compared to the final results of those FIFA World Cups based on two different
 methods of displaying the teams finish and were analyzed. Of the top 16
 teams in each of the Men’s FIFA World Cups, 74.1% of those teams advanced
 to the Round of 16. Meanwhile, 83.9% of the top 12 teams in each of the
 Women’s FIFA World Cups advanced to the Round of 16 or Quarterfinals.
 The Pearson correlation coefficient between the Pre-Tournament rankings and
 final results was calculated using both ranking methods. The Women’s World
 Cups had higher Pearson correlation coefficients for both methods than the
 Men’s World Cups. In addition, the Women’s World Cups had higher t-values
 and z-scores than the Men’s World Cup when tested for independence and
 association between the Pre-Tournament rankings and final results using both
 ranking methods. These findings indicate that the Women’s World Cups were
 more predictable than Men’s World Cups based on the FIFA/Coca-Cola World
 Rankings.

Uruguay and the football World Cup: a shared history

ABSTRACT This article shows how, in Uruguay, football is lived as part of a national identity that ranges from the ‘Charrúa grit’ (the strength, drive and decisiveness of these native people) to the glory of winning the cup. The evolution of Uruguayan football begins with the British and is linked to the country’s modernization and the development of the Switzerland of the Americas image. This explains Uruguay’s four world titles: the two Olympic championships which are recognized as world titles, the first World Cup played in Montevideo, and the 1950 World Cup in Brazil which gave place to the ‘Maracanazo’. The current process has allowed for the rebirth of the ‘Celeste’ mystique and has made it possible for certain Uruguayan players to be among the best in the world. The last part of the article explores the domestic reconstruction process that cross-links with the major league national football team’s performance.

Proposal of a new method for the risk scoring and categorization of Brazilian food services

Risk scores are used worldwide to predict foodborne disease (FBD) outbreaks in the food service industry. This study aims to develop and validate a new method for the calculation of the FBD risk score for the checklist used to categorize food service outlets. The proposed novel method is based on a risk score for each item using a risk matrix (consequence × probability), overcoming the limitations of the previous scoring process used during the World Cup in Brazil, which was based on a factorial analysis. The classification of consequences was based on critical points identified by experts prior to the World Cup in Brazil. Probability was defined based on the violation percentage of each item evaluated during inspections from 1536 food service outlets. Validation was performed using a secondary database of 3072 food service assessments in two inspection cycles. The risk scores of the new method were compared with those used during the World Cup. Each food service was classified based on their risk score into four categories: A, B, C, and pending. Good concordance (Lin's correlation coefficient = 0.8711 and 0.9205) was observed between the new and previous scores in the two inspection cycles, respectively. Comparison of the classifications showed substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.749, p < 0.001) to the first inspection cycle and near-perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.821; p < 0.001) to the second inspection cycle. This new method allows the inclusion and exclusion of assessment elements depending on local reality. Simpler methods can be used throughout Brazil and serve as a model for other countries’ food safety assessments.

Baianas de Acarajé against FIFA: Coloniality Nowadays

This article presents the case of the conflict between the baianas de acarajé and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (International Federation of Football Associations – FIFA), in Salvador, Brazil, analyzed in my master dissertation developed between 2013 and 2015. Due the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, baianas de acarajé, a productive group of black women whose craft is considered immaterial patrimony of afro-Brazilian culture, faced the possibility of being prohibited to work during the games of the championship. Starting in 2012, baianas de acarajé started a struggle against FIFA and the Brazilian state through demonstrations on the streets, collection of signatures via virtual petition and negotiation with the state. After this struggle, some baianas of the Association of Baianas de Acarajé (ABAM) were able to work in the Arena Fonte Nova of Salvador, in the city of Salvador (Brazil), in accordance with FIFA requirements. However, as evidenced by the ethnographic work, most of them had their right to work violated, and had to find other means of obtaining income in the period. It presents some results of the investigation about this struggle, undertaken in Salvador de Bahia between 2013 and 2014, based on the following questions: How did the relationship between baianas de acarajé and FIFA form and develop? How did the baianas de acarajé reacted and what did this dispute mean for the performance of their craft? In this scenario, it was possible to identify an amefrican pattern of resistance and survival of baianas de acarajé, with the circumstantial mobilization of the category of heritage as well as other strategies of struggle. From this case, the characteristics of the current pattern of exploitation and domination of capitalism and how the coloniality of power, of being and of knowledge are manifested can be analyzed.

Political regime and the impact of sporting success on national pride: a quasi-natural experiment in Germany

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the impact of sporting success on national pride. Scholars have examined the association between elite sports and national sentiment. However, the association between the impact of successful elite sports on national pride and the influence of past political regimes remains uncertain. This study examines how the national pride of Germans changed with the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil by analysing the social survey data of the German General Social Survey 2014. This research analyses the fluctuation of general national pride and sport-related national pride through sports events. Germany is selected as an ideal context for research. Because the German national team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup, comparative analysis of East and West Germans allows to consider the influence of past sport-related national identity policy on current residents during an event that involved victory in a sport. The results show that both East and West Germans experienced increased feelings of sport-related national pride during the World Cup. Furthermore, East Germans’ sport-related national pride increased slightly more than West German after they witnessed the success of national athletes in the World Cup. However, general national pride decreased slightly from before the World Cup to after the event. Thus, the impact of sporting success on national pride depends on past sport policy, but the influence of past political regime is small. And the impact of sporting success is restricted to the sport-related domain of national pride.

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Berupa Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Terhadap Pemegang Lisensi Hak Cipta (Studi Putusan Nomor 02/PDT.SUS-HKI/2015/PN/NIAGA.Smg jo. Putusan Nomor 518 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2015 jo. Putusan Nomor 43 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2017)

PT. ISM and FIFA signed a license agreement on 5 May 2011, relating to the assignment of certain media rights incurred in connection with the XX edition of the football tournament and other FIFA events. Based on this exclusivity, no other party (including but not limited to broadcasters), has the right to (but is not limited to) socializing, marketing and monitoring the license to use the 2014 Brazil World Cup broadcast commercially in commercial places. However, there are parties, namely PT. MHIS which is suspected of committing acts without rights, broadcasting or broadcasting or holding activities to watch the 2014 Brazil World Cup together commercially and does not have a license permit from PT. ISM. As a result of the 2014 Brazil World Cup broadcast by PT. MHIS the PT. ISM feels disadvantaged both materially and immaterially. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the perpetrators of copyright infringement can be categorized as acts against the law and how the legal protection of copyright license holders for unlawful acts of copyright infringement. This research is a normative legal research using qualitative analysis. This study concludes that PT. MHIS has committed unlawful acts in the form of Copyright infringement and legal protection for Copyright license holders by taking legal action in the form of a lawsuit to the Commercial Court and asking for compensation for unlawful acts committed by PT. MHIS.

Professional football players as role models in smoking prevention

AIM: High-profile athletes are often promoted as role models, being portrayed as providing positive messages such as good health attitudes, which are assumed to be related to their success. As the logic behind using high-profile athletes as role models is also the argument for linking sports performance to not smoking, the objective of the present study was to compare publicly smoking players and nonsmoking players with regard to their football performances during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.

Urban seismic monitoring in Brasília, Brazil.

Urban seismology has gained scientific interest with the development of seismic ambient noise monitoring techniques and also for being a useful tool to connect society with the Earth sciences. The interpretation of the sources of seismic records generated by sporting events, traffic, or huge agglomerations arouses the population’s curiosity and opens up a range of possibilities for new applications of seismology, especially in the area of urban monitoring. In this contribution, we present the analysis of seismic records from a station in the city of Brasilia during unusual episodes of silencing and noisy periods. Usually, cultural noise is observed in high-fequency bands. We showed in our analysis that cultural noise can also be observed in the low-frequency band, when high-frequency signal is attenuated. As examples of noisy periods, we have that of the Soccer World Cup in Brazil in 2014, where changes in noise are related to celebrations of goals and the party held by FIFA in the city, and the political manifestations in the period of the Impeachment trial in 2016, which reached the concentration of about 300,000 protesters. The two most characteristic periods of seismic silence have been the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and the trucker strike that occurred across the country in 2018, both drastically reducing the movement of people in the city.

The Impact of a Sport Mega Event in the Right to Access Public Education: The Case of the Porto Alegre Communities Affected by the 2014 Brazil World Cup

This article addresses key issues of sport mega events’ social and educational legacies. The rhetoric of the “legacy” of mega events has been imprinted in every bid presented to different countries and cities to influence their decision whether to host or not this type of event. Visible and also intangible effects are often cited as part of the “legacy” packaged to convince host citizens to adhere to the events. In the past few decades, several studies have been questioning the “legacy” rhetoric, presenting data demonstrating that despite the positive outcomes implied in the concept, these events often cause major impacts in the lives of host countries through several dimensions that cannot be painted with a “positive” tone. This study aims to analyze the educational legacies left by the 2014 FIFA World Cup (WC) in Porto Alegre, capital city of the Brazilian Southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul. We gathered data using participant observation methodology, surveys, and interviews with inhabitants of communities affected by the WC works. Our data reveal that the lives of public schools, students, and families in the region affected by the event were severely disrupted by the WC works without neither the Local Organizing Committee nor the local authorities offering adequate compensation or plan to alleviate these communities’ damages. We conclude by arguing that the WC has provoked a negative educational impact over communities that were already socially disadvantaged and most in need of good functioning of their schools.

Success Factors in the FIFA 2018 World Cup in Russia and FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil.

Research on success factors in football focusing on national teams is sparse. The current study examines the success factors during the World Cup 2018 in Russia and the World Cup 2014 in Brazil. A total of 128 matches were analyzed using a generalized order logit approach. Twenty-nine variables were identified from previous research. The results showed that defensive errors (p = 0.0220), goal efficiency (p = 0.0000), duel success (p = 0.0000), tackles success (p = 0.0100), shots from counterattacks (p = 0.0460), clearances (p = 0.0130), and crosses (p = 0.0160) have a significant influence on winning a match during those tournaments. Ball possession, distance, and market value of the teams had no influence on success. Overall, most of the critical success factors and those with the highest impact on winning close games were defensive actions. Moreover, the results suggest that direct play and pressing were more effective than ball possession play. The study contributes to a better understanding of success factors and can help to improve effectiveness of training, match preparation, and coaching.

Outlands – Case Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

Was the 2014 FIFA World Cup a blessing or a curse for Brazil? And could the hosting states benefit from the tournament in an economic recession? This study investigates whether the World Cup was a catalyst for Brazil’s economic downturn, after a prosperous decade of poverty reduction, political recognition and event planning. Therefore, Brazil’s economic situation between 2002 – 2019 is investigated on different alternative aspects before turning an eye on the hosting of the World Cup and later on Summer Olympics. The results show a negative economic impact for the hosting states of the World Cup on the GDP per capita growth, especially in preparing (-6.9 percent) and processing the aftermath (-11.25 percent). But also, that the World Cup itself seems to have a positive component, while the Olympics constantly harm the regional economy (-16.91 percent). This further indicates that emerging markets should not host mega-sport events to achieve economic goals.

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil: the promised legacy was dribbled past

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil: the promised legacy was dribbled past

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil: the promised legacy was dribbled past

This work evaluates the legacy left by the 2014 FIFA World-Cup held in Brazil, demonstrating the differences between the proposed and actual costs, construction projects and investments. This documentary study used statistical data provided by the Brazilian Government and the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). The results were analysed through descriptive statistics. From the results, the magnitude of benefits was not fulfilled due to the failure to carry out all the projects and actions judged necessary and justified by the mega-event, even so, it brought some development for the country.