World Cup In Brazil Research Articles

(Zlo)upotreba fudbala - analiza izveštavanja medija o utakmicama Srbije i Hrvatske 2013. godine

Within the qualifications for the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, two football matches were played between Serbia and Croatia. Due to complex international relations between Serbia and Croatia, there were many controversies about the matches. Through the analysis of the articles from Kurir and Večernji list (as an example of yellow and tabloid press of both countries) and articles from Politika and Index.hr (as an example of more professional approach to journalism) the article critically regards the nature of press reports about those two matches. Exceeding the phenomenon of football, hostile, nationalistic, chauvinistic and sensationalistic implications were present in the press alongside numerous historical connotations. Such method of journalism has profound consequences, firstly for the progress of the entire sports culture in Serbia as well as in Croatia, and secondly it affects the decrease of long-lasting international tensions and hostilities.

‘Let's Win this Game Together’: Children's Rights Violations, Macro‐Securitisation and the Transformative Potential of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

Sport's transformative potential is known to support marginalised children, to deal with traumatic experiences and instil positive values; yet hosting mega sporting events (MSEs) can have negative impacts. Drawing on participatory research with favela‐based children during the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, this article argues that MSEs bring a macro‐securitisation of urban life, which causes considerable harm. This paper also suggests that the inclusion of children's voices in advocacy debates can challenge top‐down securitisation and might allow MSEs to foster further positive social transformation. Therefore, juxtaposed with causing harm, macro‐securitisations can open opportunities for children to take action and have their voices heard.

In-group and out-group biases in the marketplace: a field experiment during the World Cup

We investigate the effects of group identity on discrimination by conducting an audit study in electronics markets in Sao Paulo, Brazil during the 2014 Brazil World Cup (WC). We manipulated buyers' group membership, by making them wear shirts of national football teams, and exploit the outcomes of the WC matches, which arguably affected the salience of sellers' group identity. Although we find that foreigners are overcharged, we do not detect discrimination against buyers wearing a rival team shirt. In contrast, we do detect in-group market favouritism (i.e., lower prices) towards buyers wearing the Brazil shirt when Brazil had won a match in the very recent past. Our analysis rejects the explanation that sellers' behaviour were always motivated by economic profits. Instead, the results indicate taste-based discrimination (Becker, 1957) and shed light on the ways in which in-group and out-group biases occur in market outcomes.

Brasil Turístico: Efeitos de Sentido e Condições de Produção na Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014, Brasil

Brasil Turístico: Efeitos de Sentido e Condições de Produção na Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014, Brasil

The willingness to pay for a German win of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

ABSTRACTThis study examines the value of sporting success of the 2014 Football World Cup in Brazil by using a method that allows measuring non-market goods, the contingent valuation method (CVM). Besides the value of sporting success in form of the willingness to pay (WTP), this study determines what influences the WTP for different rounds in the tournament. According to a survey in Germany, the WTP increased with the success of the German national football team and respondents were willing to pay €23.00 on average if Germany became the World Champion 2014. An extrapolation of the WTP of the respondents finds that the German population at large were willing to pay €1696 billion for becoming World Champion 2014. Tobit regressions show that expectations, intangible and socio-economic factors were significant determinants of the individual WTP.

МЕТОДИКА ПОДГОТОВКИ КОМАНДЫ К ЛОКАЛЬНЫМ ТУРНИРАМ ПО МАРКЕРАМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ

Aim. The aim of this article is to create a method of team training for short-term tournaments using the markers of intellectual activity. Material and methods. As a secondary IQ marker, we used a level of athlete’s performance in tetris. This level appears to be dependent on hormonal activity similarly to competition performance. 50 people participated in the study, including students, employees and semiprofessional athletes from the Ural Federal University. We studied the response of IQ-marker to the training load of different volume. We also registered maximum values of IQ-marker, depending on training load over the last 7 days. To estimate training load, we used Beurer PM25 heart rate monitor with gender, weight and age input data. Results. In team sports the most significant tournaments are short-term tournaments. Attempts to synchronize the peak of activity within a large group of athletes usually results in athletes’ division in terms of their performance. This is due to the heterochrony and the same character of training load for all athletes. IQ-marker allowed us to establish the formula of athlete’s total load, depending on the load of the previous days (kcal). Load = (6P(0) + 5P(–1) + 4P(–2) + 3P(–3)) · (7 / 18), where 0, –1, –2, –3 – previous days, P – load in kcal. IQ-marker also allowed each athlete to detect his individual peak from the loads of previous days. For girls, this load was usually 1.5–2 times lower. Conclusion. The calibration dependency of information peak response time after the loads of different volume allows to form a supercompensation wave for the important tournament. The combination of such waves can lead to incredible results similar to those of 2014 World Cup (Brazil – Germany, 1:7). However, the quantity of such trainings is limited by the individual peak load from 4 days (100 hours) before the play. This method is aimed at clubs with a limited budget.

Sports mega-events in the perception of the local community: the case of Itaquera region in São Paulo at the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil

Hosting sporting mega-events involve considerable investment in and significant engagement with local communities. This paper contributes to the burgeoning literature about sporting mega event’s socio-geographical impacts on tourism, employment, urban regeneration, and socio-economic and cultural benefits. Within the context of 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, we assess, utilizing interview data from local communities, the impact of the construction of the 2014 World Cup’s opening venue, ‘Arena Corinthians’ soccer stadium, in Itaquera, as well as other infrastructure developments more widely in the East Zone of São Paulo. The results point to the diversity of opinions among the resident community about the real legacies resulting from this sport mega-event.

2014 FIFA World Cup on the Brazilian Globo Network: A transmedia dynamics?

The news coverage of the 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Brazil encompassed various media platforms and the flow of information in the intersection between mass media (especially television) and social media (especially Twitter and Facebook). The research question that motivates this article is, ‘To what extent can Globo Network’s Brazilian coverage be characterized as a transmedia experience?’ The theoretical framework focuses on transmedia journalism, and the methodology is based on the analytical model regarding transmedia news coverage of planned events developed by Gambarato and Tárcia. The research findings demonstrate that the Globo Network coverage was modestly transmediatic, presenting mechanisms of audience engagement and limited expansion of content within technological advances. However, there was no solid transmedia plan aiming at articulating transmediality to build a universe designed within various integrated media platforms.

Does the FIFA World Cup’s Congested Fixture Program Affect Players’ Performance?

Background: The tournament design of any FIFA World CupTM is characterized with a high amount of games within a short period of time with limited recovery periods. This study aimed to investigate alterations in match activity and fatigue patterns of players from top ranked teams during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Methods: The performance data from the final four ranked teams were recorded from the official game statistics of the federation internationale de football association. Inclusion criteria were: a) played during the seven matches, and b) took part in at least 85% of the total playing time of its respective team. Results: Seventeen players fulfilled the criteria (eight defenders, five midfielders and four attackers). Average exposure of the selected players was 97.4% ± 4.1% (range 86% - 100%) of the tournament regular official playing time. Total distance covered was lower (P < 0.05) in the fourth (round of 16) and fifth (quarterfinals) game than in the first and the sixth (semi-finals). Moreover, high-intensity running was lower in game five than one (P < 0.05), six (P < 0.01) and seven (finals and 3th - 4th place; P < 0.05). Additionally, players performed a lower number of sprints in game five than in game seven (P < 0.05). An intensity composite score revealed that game five was less intense (P < 0.05) than game one, six and seven. Additionally, substantially small decrement (Effect size = 0.4) in the number of sprints between post-peak match (subsequent game to peak-match) and average-five matches was observed. Conclusions: The analyses suggest that there wasn’t a general decline in player’s match activity during the 2014 FIFA World-cup in Brazil in a congested schedule.

2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil: Gentrification of Brazilian Football

This research focuses on the impacts of the 2014 FIFA Football World Cup on the Brazilian national football scene, especially in terms of its sporting infrastructure, relevant football bodies and fans of the national clubs. Through a qualitative approach based on a three-year longitudinal study (interviews, observations and documentary analysis) the theme was analyzed taking into account the importance of Brazilian football culture, whether as a sport or as a leisure activity, and the local aspects in four host cities of the competition: Belo Horizonte, Manaus, Recife and Rio de Janeiro. The results showed a profound modification of the country's stadiums infrastructure over the medium term, and a consequent gentrification of the fan base. Although managers of the country's top clubs are aware of these changes, the scenario for Brazilian football remains precarious when we consider the power of this sport within the country.

Effect of television broadcasts of global sporting events on short-term changes in the use of water from the water supply network

Abstract The article discusses the influence of television broadcasts of global sporting events on water usage in the city of Toruń during the final match of the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil. The analyses covered accurate data of water usage (recorded every 1 minute) in the city on the day of the final match. The obtained results were compared with the data for the same days of the week (Sundays) but with no such important events. A completely different trend in water usage was documented during the television broadcast, including: exponential and short-term increases and decreases in water demand immediately after the end of the successive parts of the football match. The deviations in water usage from the normal trend for the same day of the week and the same hours ranged from −318 to more than 550 m3·h−1 (calculated on an hourly basis). Therefore, water usage can be a good indicator of the interest of audiences in television programmes, particularly in those gathering millions of viewers, such as broadcasts of global sporting events.

Análisis multivariante en las faltas indirectas de la FIFA World Cup 2014

&lt;p&gt;Indirect free kicks are relatively common in soccer and have the potential to change the outcome of a match. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these kicks, to identify variables associated with success, and propose a model for optimal execution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We analyzed and coded 506 indirect free kicks taken in 64 matches during the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil and conducted univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Our results show very low success rates in terms of shots, shots between the posts, and goals. Nevertheless, 89% of goals scored from indirect free kicks led to the teams gaining valuable points. Determinants of success included a dynamic attack based on the creation and occupation of spaces and the intervention of up to four attackers. Our findings offer an interesting starting point for trainers to build on tactical strategies designed to improve free-kick performance.&lt;/p&gt;

Undoing the right to the city: World Cup investments and informal settlements in Fortaleza, Brazil

ABSTRACTIn the Global South, the notion of the right to the city has increasingly been used to challenge the effects of uneven development on vulnerable informal residents. Yet, under a neoliberal spatial regime, acknowledging rights of informal residents does not necessarily lead to increasing access to the opportunities that cities produce. The article documents a contradictory process of, simultaneously, institutionalization of rights and implementation of profit-driven urban investments associated with 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. It is based on local-level, case-specific analysis of a dispute around the mega-event mobility investments and the demands of residents of Lagamar—a low-income, informal community in Fortaleza—adopting participant observation methods during a 3-year field research period. The case illustrates how Brazilian right to the city policies have gone beyond the mere recognition of land rights of informal residents, yet they have fallen short of addressing the needs of the urban poor, highlighting the role of mega-event investments in this process. The contradiction of simultaneously expanding and eroding the rights of the urban poor in Brazil has given room for manipulative state practices that I have called “undoing the right to the city.”

Aboriginal Football in Australia: Race Relations and the Socio-Historical Meanings of the 2014 Borroloola Tour to the Brazil World Cup

This paper tells the history of the Borroloola Tour to the 2014 Brazil World Cup, when eight Aboriginal adolescent footballers from the remote town of Borroloola in Australia’s Northern Territory were selected to be part of a tour to Brazil. In Brazil they followed the Australian team from the stands, socialized with football idols such as Tim Cahill, and visited a Brazilian Indigenous tribe. John Moriarty, the first Aboriginal Australian to be selected to Australia’s national football team executed this excursion. Considering that race relations within the Australian sporting arena have historically, been tense and contested, this paper brings to light an under-explored aspect of football in Australia. It is timely too, given the insertion of Australian football within the Asian Football Confederation. The paper examines the historical meanings of the Borroloola Tour through the lens of its key participants; as well as by unveiling John Moriarty’s history as the first Aboriginal person to be selected to play for the Socceroos. In conclusion, it reveals that both the past and contemporary history of Aboriginal people’s involvement in Australian football has an emerging face that will shape football in Australia and in Asia in the coming years.

Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2014 World Cup Impact on Hospital-Treated Suicide Attempt (Overdose) in Tehran.

Social influences on suicidal behaviors may be important but are less frequently studied than the influences of mental illness, physical illness, and demographic variables. Major international sporting events may have an impact on suicidal behaviors at the national and local level, an effect possibly mediated by gender and age. We examined the association of hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning episodes (by gender and by age) in Tehran: before, during, and after the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil, in which the Iranian national team participated and was eliminated after the pool games. We used a time series analysis within an autoregressive integrated moving average model and found a significant increase in hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning during the 4-week period of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil in females but a nonsignificant increase in males. A significant increase was also seen in the youngest age group (12-20years), but not in the two older age groups. If the effects of nonsuccess at major international sporting events could be shown to have a potential harmful effect on aggregate local or national rates of suicidal behaviors, the possibility of preventative interventions and preemptive additional service provision could be planned in advance of these events.

Service Quality and Value Perceptions of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

This study examines the relationships between service quality and value perceptions of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, controlling for the consumers' opinion about hosting the event in the country. Data were collected from five cities (n = 3,042), and the results from a structural model indicate that teams, accessibilities, and event atmosphere have a positive influence on hedonic value and utilitarian value, while referees only have a positive impact on hedonic value. In turn, crowd experience has a negative effect on both hedonic and utilitarian value. Additionally, consumers' favorable opinion about hosting the event showed a positive effect on both hedonic and utilitarian value. These findings suggest the need for an appealing ambiance and crowd vigilance to enhance the event's value. In addition, the more people agree with hosting the event in Brazil the greater the value perception, highlighting the importance of explaining the event benefits to the host community.

Study on Correlations between Participatory SNS Marketing and TV Rating - Focusing on KBS Brazil World Cup Broadcasting

Study on Correlations between Participatory SNS Marketing and TV Rating - Focusing on KBS Brazil World Cup Broadcasting

Study on Correlations between Participatory SNS Marketing and TV Rating - Focusing on KBS Brazil World Cup Broadcasting

Study on Correlations between Participatory SNS Marketing and TV Rating - Focusing on KBS Brazil World Cup Broadcasting

A hierarquização simbólica do Brasil na Copa do Mundo

Resumo A pertinência de se sediar a Copa do Mundo, tornou-se, para o Brasil, um tema controverso entre 2013 e 2014, focando-se os debates em dois elementos de disputa: os impactos econômicos e sociais do evento. Um terceiro elemento, contudo, também fora mobilizado, mas pareceu bem menos contestado. Argumentava-se que sediar a Copa do Mundo se justificaria pela promoção da imagem do Brasil no exterior. Esta proposta surge justamente em uma situação de economia globalizada, na qual países em todo o mundo disputam a atração de um capital flexível e desnacionalizado. Nesse sentido, as identidades são articuladas como marca no intuito de se produzir o espaço simbolicamente como mais atraente a esse capital, o que se nota, em especial, na promoção turística. Este artigo busca compreender a relação entre a formação das marcas-lugar empreendida pelos órgãos de turismo nacionais, e a promoção da imagem do país no contexto da Copa do Mundo. Será demonstrado, no caso brasileiro, que a pluralidade de agentes interessados na representação do Brasil leva à hierarquização dessas representações, hierarquização que se dá, contudo, não a partir do Estado-nação, mas de empresas globais envolvidas com o megaevento.

Pass Completion Rate and Match Outcome at the World Cup in Brazil in 2014

Abstract Introduction. Having possession of the ball makes it possible for the players of a team to undertake a greater number of actions that can help the team win the match. The aim of the current study was to determine the number and completion rate of passes made from different distances in relation to percentage ball possession and the outcome of the match in the group stage of the FIFA World Cup held in Brazil in 2014. Material and methods. The study included 32 teams who participated in the final tournament. The performance of 266 players (682 observations) who played 48 matches in the group stage was examined. Only players who took part in the entire match were included in the research, and goal-keepers were excluded. The data used in the study, which had been recorded by means of the Castrol Performance Index system, were obtained from the FIFA official website. The total number of passes and the percentage of completed passes were analysed, which were classified as short, medium, and long, in relation to the team’s percentage possession of the ball (over and below 50%) and the outcome of the match (win, loss, or draw). Results. Out of the three types of passes which were examined in the study, teams playing in the World Cup in Brazil most often made medium passes. The number of these passes was the highest in matches won. These matches were also characterised by a significantly higher percentage of completed long passes. Conclusions. Players from teams who were in possession of the ball more than 50% of the time performed a higher number of all types of passes, regardless of the outcome of the match. The completion rate for these players was significantly higher only for short and medium passes.