Women Of Different Ages Research Articles

The adverse effects of bisphosphonates in breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Bisphosphonate drugs can be used to improve the outcomes of women with breast cancer. Whilst many meta-analyses have quantified their potential benefits for patients, attempts at comprehensive quantification of potential adverse effects have been limited. We undertook a meta-analysis with novel methodology to identify and quantify these adverse effects. We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials in breast cancer where at least one of the treatments was a bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid, ibandronate, pamidronate, alendronate or clodronate). Neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic settings were examined. Primary outcomes were adverse events of any type or severity (excluding death). We carried out pairwise and network meta-analyses to estimate the size of any adverse effects potentially related to bisphosphonates. In order to ascertain whether adverse effects differed by individual factors such as age, or interacted with other common adjuvant breast cancer treatments, we examined individual-level patient data for one large trial, AZURE. We identified 56 trials that reported adverse data, which included a total of 29,248 patients (18,301 receiving bisphosphonate drugs versus 10,947 not). 24 out of the 103 different adverse outcomes analysed showed a statistically and practically significant increase in patients receiving a bisphosphonate drug compared with those not (2 additional outcomes that appeared statistically significant came only from small studies with low event counts and no clinical suspicion so are likely artifacts). Most of these 24 are already clinically recognised: 'flu-like symptoms, fever, headache and chills; increased bone pain, arthralgia, myalgia, back pain; cardiac events, thromboembolic events; hypocalcaemia and osteonecrosis of the jaw; as well as possibly stiffness and nausea. Oral clodronate appeared to increase the risk of vomiting and diarrhoea (which may also be increased by other bisphosphonates), and there may be some hepatotoxicity. Four additional potential adverse effects emerged for bisphosphonate drugs in this analysis which have not classically be recognised: fatigue, neurosensory problems, hypertonia/muscle spasms and possibly dysgeusia. Several symptoms previously reported as potential side effects in the literature were not significantly increased in this analysis: constipation, insomnia, respiratory problems, oedema or thirst/dry mouth. Individual patient-level data and subgroup analysis revealed little variation in side effects between women of different ages or menopausal status, those with metastatic versus non-metastatic cancer, or between women receiving different concurrent breast cancer therapies. This meta-analysis has produced estimates for the absolute frequencies of a range of side effects significantly associated with bisphosphonate drugs when used by breast cancer patients. These results show good agreement with previous literature on the subject but are the first systematic quantification of side effects and their severities. However, the analysis is limited by the availability and quality of data on adverse events, and the potential for bias introduced by a lack of standards for reporting of such events. We therefore present a table of adverse effects for bisphosphonates, identified and quantified to the best of our ability from a large number of trials, which we hope can be used to improve the communication of the potential harms of these drugs to patients and their healthcare providers.

Social determinants of domestic violence against suburban women in developing countries: a systematic review.

ObjectiveIn addition to the many social, economic, cultural, security, and environmental problems in the metropolitan areas, suburbanization has led to the growth and spread of domestic violence against women, and is still increasing. Different social determinants can play a role in violence against suburban women, so this study was designed to investigate the social determinants of domestic violence in suburban women of developing countries.MethodsAccording to PRISMA guideline, the keywords, which were determined considering MESH, were searched in Google Scholar, MEDLINE, SID, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Science Direct with the 2009 to 2019 time limit. STROBE checklist was used for evaluating quantitative studies and JBI for qualitative studies. Finally 30 high quality studies were included.ResultsThe prevalence of general domestic violence among women of different ages was reported between 2.3–73.78% in the suburban regions of developing countries. The prevalence of physical, emotional and psychological violence was about 11.54–61.6% and 7.8–84.3%. The prevalence of sexual, economic and the verbal violence was about 0.8–58.8%, 13.7–43.7% and 33.21–86.1%. The most common factors affecting violence against women were the structural factors of early marriage, the husband’s addiction to alcohol and drugs.ConclusionGeneral domestic violence and its various types are prevalent in different parts of the world and the factors affecting domestic violence such as age, marriage age, low literacy, husband addiction to alcohol and drugs are all things that can be prevented by special health planning in these areas to improve women’s health and thus prevent violence against suburban women.

Conocimiento y aprovechamiento tradicional de vertebrados silvestres en la comunidad maya de Zavala, municipio de Sotuta, Yucatán, México

The relationship between Mexican ethnic groups and wildlife is known by its use for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Particularly, in the Maya culture ornamental and ceremonial uses have been attributed to the fauna. Similarly, different beliefs, stories and legends have been developed around it. The studies conducted to document these relationships in the state of Yucatan are scarce; therefore this work was raised to determine the uses and beliefs of the wildlife in the Maya town of Zavala. 174 semi-structured interviews were conducted among men and women of different ages. The significant species were then divided into seven categories of use: food, medicine, pets, ornamental, ceremonial, mythical, and ominous. 54 species related with the worldview of the residents were identified, and divided into three classes, 20 orders, 38 families, and 54 genera. The birds were the most represented with 30 species, followed by Mammalia class with 19, and Reptilia with 5. Mammals were the group with the highest general use index. With this work, it was concluded that the inhabitants of Zavala preserve in their daily activities the ancestral uses and knowledge of the wildlife. Likewise, the information collected contributes to the knowledge of ethnozoology in Yucatán.

Investigation on the Immunological Effects of Regular Physical Activity

Introduction: Effects of physical activity on immune functions may largely depend on the type of activity, its intensity and duration. However, little information is available regarding the immunological effects of sporting activities in older ages. 
 The aim of our study was to examine the changes in a wide spectrum of lymphocyte subtypes after a period of regular workout among healthy women of different ages.
 Methods: In our study, we enrolled 16 elderly women (between ages of 60-75 years) formerly not engaged in regular physical activity, who took part in lightweight conditioning gymnastic exercise program. Eight young athletes and 26 young adults with sedentary lifestyle served as controls. The percentages of peripheral NK, NKT cells, T and B lymphocyte subtypes were determined by flow cytometry based on the staining of extracellular markers and intracellular cytokines.
 Results: Lymphocyte subgroups did not differ between the groups of young athletes and young adults with sedentary lifestyle. However, in elderly women, levels of NKT cells were lower, while ratios of T helper / T cytotoxic cells were higher compared to younger individuals. At the end of exercise program, in elderly women, percentages of naive B cells decreased, while levels of switched-memory B cells increased. Furthermore, proportions of Th2 cells increased, while levels of immunosuppressive CD4+CD127-CD25bright Treg cells decreased as the result of regular exercise.
 Conclusion: Differences observed after lightweight exercise programs reflect a presumably enhanced immunoreactivity and increased ability for immune responses in older ages.

Detection and Classification of COVID-19 by Lungs Computed Tomography Scan Image Processing using Intelligence Algorithm.

The latest World Health Organization statistics show that the number of people living with COVID-19 disease is now more than 42 million worldwide. Some diagnosis methods include detecting and observing clinical symptoms associated with the disease (fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, and muscle fatigue). Some other methods, such as computed tomography (CT)-scan imaging from the lungs, are the more accurate diagnostic methods. In this study, we examine the types of abnormal COVID-19 can cause in the lungs of infected subjects and detect and classify this disease. In this paper, we used data from the lung's CT-scan images from the 79 participants. To do this, in this article, for processing CT-scan images of the lungs to diagnose and classification of the COVID-19 disease in men and women of different ages, for rapid diagnosis and high accuracy of this disease by the automatic classification algorithm is used. The final results showed that the proposed method could base on different categories (gender, age categories, and type of damage caused by COVID-19) with high detection and classification accuracy. The algorithm presented in this article has accurately identified the data of healthy subjects and patients with coronavirus.

Oxylipins - biologically active substances of food

Vitamin D with its steroid structure is currently considered as a hormone. New target cells of this hormone have been identified, including those in the organs of the reproductive system. The aim - to analyze modern sources of domestic and foreign scientific literature covering the role of vitamin D in the reproductive health of women of different ages. Results. The Russian Federation is endemic in terms of vitamin D deficiency. According to statistics, a lack of this vitamin is observed in 70-90% of the population of the USA and European countries, which brings this problem to the international level. It has been established that vitamin D affects not only bone-mineral homeostasis, but also many organs and tissues, including the reproductive system, namely the ovaries, uterus, placental tissue, pituitary gland and male reproductive organs. Studies have proven the positive effect of this hormone on the course of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, diabetes mellitus (including gestational). In addition, it has been shown that vitamin D is an important micronutrient during pregravid preparation, and the normalization of its level can improve the quality and increase the life expectancy of women after 50-60 years. Conclusion. Vitamin D plays an important role in many physiological processes, including the effects on the organs of the reproductive system. The significant influence of this vitamin can be traced from the beginning of intrauterine development to the end of life, which makes its further study an important area of modern medicine, including within the framework of obstetrics and gynecology.

Correlation between suboptimal vitamin D concentration and secondary hyperparathyroidism in women with low-energy fracture

Background/Aim. Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide characterized by decreased bone strength that predisposes to an increased fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women. Today, over 25 million people, mainly women, suffer from this metabolic disorder. In addition to genetic predispositions, hormonal disorders, lifestyle, and insufficient vitamin D levels in the blood are significant risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis and low-energy fractures. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of osteoporosis and the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in women of different ages with low-energy fractures. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 559 women who were not previously treated for osteoporosis. All women were clinically examined and their anamnesis of chronic illnesses, fractures, and therapies was taken. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Risk factors for osteoporosis, including the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH), were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum level of 25(OH)D less than 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L). Results. The study included a total of 559 women, of which low-energy fractures were identified in 102 women. Women with fractures were older (63.69 ? 13.88 years) compared to women without fractures (54.39 ? 14.10 years) (p < 0.0005). Furthermore, BMI was also higher (27.75 kg/m2) in women with fractures compared to the other group (26.49 kg/m2) (p < 0.025). Out of 102 women with fractures, 88 were postmenopausal. The most frequent fractures were the humerus and radius fractures, 11.62% (65/559), followed by femoral neck fractures, 7.15% (40/559), and body vertebrae fractures, 3.04% (17/559). A significant decrease of the bone mineral density (BMD) in the spinal and the femoral neck sites was observed in women with femoral neck and body vertebrae fractures, but not in women with humerus and radius fractures. Vitamin D deficiency did not have a significant impact on fracture incidence. The increased concentration of PTH was statistically significant in women with femoral neck and body vertebrae fractures. Conclusion. In women with all three types of low-energy fractures, compared to women without fractures, significant risk factors for osteoporosis were age, BMD, and the strength of mechanical force during fall (estimated through BMI).

ОЦЕНКА РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ СЕРДЦА ПО СОДЕРЖАНИЮ ОБЩЕГО ХОЛЕСТЕРИНА В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ У ЛИЦ РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНО-ПОЛОВЫХ ГРУПП

The determination and comparison of the level of total cholesterol in the blood in 240 relatively healthy men and women of different ages was carried out, and on its basis the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease in residents of the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region was estimated. There were revealed significant differences in the level of total cholesterol in the blood of men and women in the group under 20 years old and in the group of 21–30 years old. No significant gender differences were found in subsequent age groups. There was a significant increase in total cholesterol during life in both gender groups: in men, the indicator significantly increased from adolescence to old age by 58.3 %, in women – by 40.2 %. A population assessment of the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out. In both gender groups, during life, we noted a gradual increase towards old age in the proportion of people who have a high probability of developing coronary artery disease, and a decrease in the proportion of people with a low probability, which is due to both internal risk factors (arterial hypertension, hormonal changes, slowing down of metabolism), and external (decreased physical activity, unbalanced diet, smoking, etc.). In 100 % of men and women under 20 years of age, the risk of developing coronary artery disease is low. The emergence of moderate risk in both gender groups was noted in the third decade of life, high – in the fourth. In old age, 30 % of men and 40 % of women with a high risk of developing coronary artery disease were identified, which is the highest indicator in comparison with all other age groups. Among women, a lower percentage of persons with moderate risk at the age of 21–30 years old and with a high risk in the group of 31–40 years old was found compared to men, which is probably associated with the protective effect of estrogens during the reproductive period of women. In the group of elderly people with a moderate risk of developing coronary artery disease, moderate hypercholesterolemia was recorded (the level of total cholesterol in the blood in the male population was 5.74±0.23 mmol / L, in the female population – 5.71±0.23 mmol / L) and in the group of persons with a high risk of developing coronary artery disease, high hypercholesterolemia was noted in men and women (8.24±0.37 mmol / L and 8.10±0.28 mmol / L, respectively). In persons with a moderate risk of developing coronary artery disease, the average total cholesterol content is 40.4 % significantly higher than in persons with a low level of risk, and in persons with a high risk – 42.6 % significantly higher than in the group of persons with a moderate risk. Thus, the results of the study showed the importance of conducting diagnostic examinations for the purpose of early diagnosis of diseases caused by an increased content of total cholesterol in the blood, as well as compiling reference levels of biochemical parameters for non-sick people of different age and sex for their further use in medical practice. As preventive measures to prevent the development of cardiovascular pathology, health protection and the formation of the priority of a healthy lifestyle in children and adults in educational and industrial organizations also play an important role.

Psychoneuroimmunological aspects of post covid19 syndrome

A sample screening study was conducted by anonymous questionnaire of 223 adult outpatients with signs of post COVID19 syndrome (PCS) from 1 to 3 months after the disease. Among the respondents 77.6% are men, 22.4% are women of different ages. Young and middle-aged people predominated. 77.3% of them were treated on an outpatient basis. 89.6% of respondents had mild to moderate disease. Viral pneumonia was diagnosed in 28.2%. Respiratory distress syndrome survived 5,8%. Re-infection of SARS-CoV-2 had 3,5%. Prolonged low-grade fever (more than 4 weeks) after the disease was maintained at 33.6%; in 15,6% revealed immunosuppression of the cell and phagocytosis. 75% were diagnosed with long-term fever of non-infectious origin. Complete recovery from 2 to 4 weeks was noted by 82.9%. Three months or more required 19,2% for convalescence. They were dominated by signs of CFS and psycho-emotional imbalance. Regarding cognitive disorders, the greatest difficulties arose with the perception of information in 12.7%, with its analysis in 9.8%, with decision-making in 8%. 25.9% of respondents note mnemonic disorders. Attention disorders occurred in 24.9% of respondents. Among the most pronounced mental states that manifested themselves in the post COVID19 period are: anxiety was: high level - 21%, medium level – 26.6%, low level – 40.7% of respondents, as well as irritability: severe – 37.5 %, expressed – 27.2%, weakly expressed – 35.3%; confusion: severe – 36.6%, severe – 19.1%, mild – 44.1%; depressive disorders: severe – 36.5%, severe – 19.1%, mild – 44.1%; fear, despair, apathy: strongly expressed – 33.9%, expressed – 26.3%, weakly expressed – 39.8% of respondents; panic, panic attacks was: high level – 41%, medium level – 14,1%, low level – 44.9%, hysteria: strongly expressed – 42.7%, expressed –13.5%, weakly expressed – 47.6%; aggression, anger, irritability: strongly expressed – 41.9%, expressed – 18.9%, weakly expressed – 39.3% of respondents. A change in the value-semantic component of personality has been recorded. Thus, 38.9% of respondents became more aware of the value of life, 17.2% had a positive attitude towards the world.

Influence of complex rehabilitation programs on the uterine blood flow in patients of different age after plastic surgery for rectocele

To develop the optimized complex programs, including general magnetotherapy, fractional microablative therapy with a CO2 laser, electromyostimulation with biofeedback of the pelvic floor muscles, and a special exercise therapy complex in late rehabilitation programs for women of different age after reconstructive plastic surgery for rectocele. There were 200 women of childbearing, peri- and menopausal age with rectocele grade II-III and 20 healthy women of comparable age. All patients were divided into 4 groups by 50 womes: main group, two comparison groups and control group. Surgical treatment of rectocele was followed by long-term postoperative rehabilitation including symptomatic therapy, general magnetotherapy, and electromyostimulation with biofeedback of the pelvic floor muscles, intra-vaginal fractional microablative therapy with a CO2 laser and special complex of therapeutic physical education. General magnetotherapy in early (1 day) postoperative period and complex rehabilitation in long-term postoperative period (within a month after surgery) including 2 procedures of intra-vaginal microablative fractional therapy with carbon dioxide laser, electromyostimulation with biological connection of the pelvic floor muscles and special complex of therapeutic physical education ensured more significant improvement of uterine blood flow regardless age and baseline disorders in the uterine arteries in patients with rectocele. In our opinion, this is primarily due to vasoactive effects of general magnetotherapy, recovery of circulation via relief of spasm in the arteries and arterioles, improved vein contractility and venous outflow. These processes combined with electrical stimulation and therapeutic exercises of pelvic floor muscle followed by their reinforcement, as well as fractional microablative therapy ensured significant vascular effect.

Maternal birth trauma: how imaging can (and should) change clinical practice.

Maternal birth trauma: how imaging can (and should) change clinical practice.

Features of the course of pregnancy and the outcomes of childbirth in women of different ages.

This article presents the features of pregnancy in adolescence and old age associated with a high risk of adverse outcomes both during pregnancy and childbirth, and in the later period. The purpose of our study was to identify the features of pregnancy and childbirth, the postpartum period in young and elderly mothers. Materials and Methods: The history of pregnancy, childbirth and individual charts of newborns (n=330) were retrospectively analyzed, of which group I (n=150) young pregnant women aged 13-18 years, group II (n=80) pregnant women of favorable reproductive age (20-25 years) and group III (n=100) women of late reproductive period (40 years and older). Results: It was found that young primiparous women are somatically healthier, but sexually transmitted infections are significantly more common in the group of underage pregnant women (pIIII= 0.043) than in the group of late reproductive period. Pregnancy in adolescents often occurs against the background of anemia, placental insufficiency, moderate preeclampsia; childbirth is complicated by a large percentage of injuries. In the group of women of late reproductive age, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mainly arterial hypertension, obesity, and liver diseases predominate. Conclusion: Pregnancy in adolescent girls, as well as in age-related primiparous women, is a serious medical and social problem. Pregnant women in these groups are at high risk for miscarriage and require an individual approach to the management of pregnancy and childbirth.

Early marriage and displacement�a conversation: how Syrian daughters, mothers and mothers-in-law in Jordan understand marital decision-making

Conflict and forced migration threaten to reverse the decline of early marriage in the Middle East. In some Syrian refugee communities, protracted displacement and precarious livelihoods, together with pre-war traditions of early marriage, push families to arrange matches for their adolescent daughters, and sometimes sons. Drawing on thirteen ethnographic interviews with young Syrian women, mothers, mothers-in-law and grandmothers in Jordan, we develop a multi-perspective approach to the study of early marriage. A feminist outlook has informed our fieldwork and the way its results are presented: around a conversation with Syrian women of different ages and from different generational groups. While humanitarian reports often use women�s voices in a tokenistic way, we stay attentive to the complex nature of their stories and ambitions, contrasting them with insights from interviews with Jordanian academics, aid workers and policymakers. Our study adds nuance to existing humanitarian narratives by drawing attention to the interplay of multigenerational household dynamics, legal and economic constraints in host countries, but also younger and older women�s aspirations, that shape marital decision-making within displaced families.

Клинические случаи: гиперпролактинемия у мужчин и женщин в разные периоды жизни. Кого, чем и как долго лечить?

Клинические случаи: гиперпролактинемия у мужчин и женщин в разные периоды жизни. Кого, чем и как долго лечить?

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Microorganisms Associated with Lower Reproductive Tract Infections in Women from Southern Poland-Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study.

Objective: Female infections affecting the genital tract include sexually transmitted diseases, endogenous infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV) and healthcare-associated infections. The aim of the study was to analyze the etiological factors of the vaginal dysbacteriosis, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the dominant bacterial and fungal infections in different age groups of outpatient women from the Silesian Region. Materials and methods: A retrospective laboratory-based multi-center study encompassed 4994 women of different ages in Silesian Voivodeship, in the south of Poland; patients who had vaginal swabs collected as per physicians’ orders during the period from 1 January 2017 until 30 June 2018 were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were: non-hospitalized female, aged ≤80, with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis and clinical sings of infections. Results: Gram-positive cocci were the ones most often isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (29.2%) and Streptoccoccus agalactiae (13.1%), followed by bacilli from the Enterobacteriaceae group, including Escherichia coli (26.3%). The presence of Streptococcus agalactiae was confirmed in 13.1%, slightly more often in the 45–80 age group, and Gardnerella vaginalis in 6.4%, most often in women aged 15–24. The prevalence of yeast-like infections was 24.3%, Candida albicans accounted for 78.3%, whereas among C. non-albicans spp.—C. glabrata dominated (14.9%) followed by C. parapsilosis (3.8%). The highest resistance was observed only in Streptococcus agalactiae as the MLSB mechanism (Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) was identified in 38.6% of strains. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was 24.3%, the highest in women aged 15–44. Conclusions: Drug resistance in studied vulvovaginitis was associated only with Streptococcus agalactiae. A high proportion of yeast-like aetiology was found, probably associated with recurrent infections. In the analyzed cases only the Amsel criteria and culture methods were used for diagnosis without preparations and microbiological Nugent criteria.

Prevalence of vaginismus in Delta, Egypt

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of vaginismus in Delta, Egypt, and its effect on human sexual life.BackgroundSexual dysfunction in women is an important public health problem worldwide. Vaginismus is defined as a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is often painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. The prevalence of vaginismus is poorly understood and relatively unknown.Patients and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 200 women of different ages. This study was performed on women in Delta, Egypt, in the period from April 2019 till October 2019.ResultThe findings of the study indicate that vaginismus is a common sexual problem, as its prevalence in Delta, Egypt, according to the present study is 20%. This result depends on that vaginal penetration and vaginal examination is impossible and has not occurred in 20% of cases. Vaginismus causes distress to both partners, where 72.5% of the cases' partners showed no response, 12.5% got angry, and only 15% supported. Regarding affection of pain to life, 77.5% of cases had no effect, 7.5% decrease sexual desire, 5% had depression, 7.5% had low physical and emotional satisfaction, and 2.5% had phobic anxiety. Regarding the female sexual function index, mean desire score was 3.36, arousal score was 3.97, lubrication score was 3.36, orgasm score 3.75, satisfaction score was 3.95, pain score was 3.98, and mean female sexual function index was 22.86.ConclusionVaginismus is a common and significant sexual problem that causes distress and frustration for both partners.

Особенности питания женщин умственного труда с низким уровнем физической активности

Objective. Unbalanced nutrition of women of different age is one of the risk factors for developing chronic non-infectious diseases at early working age. The aim of the work was to study the nutrition of working-age women living in a large industrial centre, whose work patterns are characterized by a low level of physical activity. Patients and methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study included 282 women with low physical activity: group 1 – 18–39-year-olds (n = 176), group 2 – 40 years and older (n = 108). The computer program «Analysis of the state of human nutrition» (version 1.2, Institute of Nutrition RAMS 2003–2005) assessed the actual nutrition. Inter-group comparison of parameters was performed using the Mann–Whitney (U) test with the Benjamini–Hochberg correction. Results. The calorific value of the diets exceeded the norms (in group 1 by 1.1 times, in group 2 by 1.6 times) due to consumption of proteins and fats. Cholesterol intake was reduced in both groups (by 0.6–0.9 times, respectively). The proportions of dietary mono- and disaccharides exceeded the norm by 2 and more times in both groups, deficiency of dietary fiber was found in group 1 – 26.5%, in group 2 – 45% of normal. In both groups, a higher intake of sodium (by 2–3.5 times) and phosphorus (by 1.4–2 times) was found. Group 1 had a lower intake of Ca (by 1.4 times), Mg (by 1.6 times), vitamins B1 (by 1.8 times), B2 (by 1.5 times) and PP (by 1.8 times). In group 2, mineral and vitamin intake was significantly higher but insufficient as well. Conclusion. Women's diets are imbalanced toward the excess of the total caloric intake, the amounts of consumed proteins and fats, sodium, potassium, phosphorus; insufficient intake of dietary fiber, Ca, Fe, and some vitamins, which is a serious risk factor for the development of chronic non-infectious diseases and should be taken into account in treatment and prevention programmes implemented at younger ages.

Histomorphological Patterns of Endometrial Hyperplasia

Background and Aims Endometrial hyperplasia is a pathological condition characterized by an increase in the endometrial gland to stromal ratio when compared to the normal proliferative endometrium. It is the precursor of endometrial carcinomamdashthe most common malignancy of female genital tract. The increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia is found to be more evident in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Hence we decided to study the histopathological pattern of endometrial hyperplasia in women of different age groups.Methods All the endometrial biopsies with microscopic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia over a period of 1 year were retrieved from histopathology records. Information related to age and clinical diagnosis was noted from the accompanying laboratory request forms. Histological typing of endometrial hyperplasia was done depending on the new criteria used in the World Health Organization WHO classification.Results The present study included 40 cases n 40 of endometrial hyperplasia diagnosed by histopathological examination on endometrial biopsies. Age of the patients ranged from 21-70 years. About half of the patients 45 presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and were in the 5th decade of life. Non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia n 34 cases 85 was the most common histological type of endometrial hyperplasia.Conclusions Histopathological examination of endometrium is used for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial biopsy and curettage are the important sampling methods to detect endometrial hyperplasia. Hence vigilant screening of the endometrial samples plays an important role in the diagnosis and further management.

The paradigm of caries prevention remedies administration for pregnant women

The aim of this study is to improve the effectiveness of dental caries prevention in women during pregnancy due to the influence of kallikrein-4 gene polymorphism in mutation points G2664153A and G2142A on the state of tooth enamel. Materials and methods. The study involved 322 pregnant women of the European race registered in antenatal clinics in Omsk. The comparison group consisted of 261 non-pregnant patients of the same age who applied to a dentist for a planned sanitation or preventive examination. Patients of both groups underwent a study of the dental status, a study of the oral fluid, the distribution of the polymorphism of the kallikrein-4 gene in the mutation points G2664153A and G2142A was determined, and a statistical analysis of the results was carried out. The condition of the tooth enamel of pregnant women after a course of caries-preventive measures was assessed using an electrometric study. The degree of susceptibility of tooth enamel to demineralization processes and its ability to remineralize after application of a three-component calcium-fluorophosphate-containing gel in women of the comparison group was judged by the intensity of staining and the rate of disappearance of the focus of artificial demineralization of the enamel by performing the clinical assessment of enamel remineralization rate according to the T.L. Redinova et al. A survey and questionnaire survey of 52 dentists was also conducted regarding the effectiveness means of caries prevention in pregnant women. Results. Biologically significant links were established between the G/G, G/A and A/A polymorphisms of the KLK-4 gene and clinical indicators of the intensity and rate of caries growth. The study substantiated the optimal means of caries prevention — a three-component calcium-fluorophosphate-containing gel, and the electrical conductivity of tooth enamel confirmed its clinical efficacy in pregnant women of different ages.

Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule?

Background:Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women’s childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti-Bordetella pertussis antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018–2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against B. pertussis were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis.Results:The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14–45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14–19 and 30–34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30–34 and 35–39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20–24 and 25–29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, p = 0.09).Conclusion:The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.