Wireless Phone Research Articles

Secure Integration of IoT and Cloud Computing

Mobility Technique Is a fairly latest invention that relates to an information storage and processing architecture that is separate from the wireless phone. The IoT is a brand-new concept. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a comparatively recent networking technologies that is increasing popularity swiftly. IoT is more particularly linked to wireless telecommunications. The

The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: A protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has an ongoing project to assess potential health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in the general and working population. Here we present the protocol for a systematic review of the scientific literature on cancer hazards from exposure to RF-EMF in humans, commissioned by the WHO as part of that project. To assess the quality and strength of the evidence provided by human observational studies for a causal association between exposure to RF-EMF and risk of neoplastic diseases. We will include cohort and case-control studies investigating neoplasia risks in relation to three types of exposure to RF-EMF: near-field, head-localized, exposure from wireless phone use (SR-A); far-field, whole body, environmental exposure from fixed-site transmitters (SR-B); near/far-field occupational exposures from use of handheld transceivers or RF-emitting equipment in the workplace (SR-C). While no restriction on tumour type will be applied, we will focus on selected neoplasms of the central nervous system (brain, meninges, pituitary gland, acoustic nerve) and salivary gland tumours (SR-A); brain tumours and leukaemias (SR-B, SR-C). Eligible studies will be identified through Medline, Embase, and EMF-Portal. We will use a tailored version of the OHAT's tool to evaluate the study's internal validity. We will consider separately studies on different tumours, neoplasm-specific risks from different exposure sources, and a given exposure-outcome pair in adults and children. When a quantitative synthesis of findings can be envisaged, the main aims of the meta-analysis will be to assess the strength of association and the shape of the exposure-response relationship; to quantify the degree of heterogeneity across studies; and explore the sources of inconsistency (if any). When a meta-analysis is judged inappropriate, we will perform a narrative synthesis, complemented by a structured tabulation of results and appropriate visual displays. Confidence in evidence will be assessed in line with the GRADE approach. This project is supported by the World Health Organization. Co-financing was provided by the New Zealand Ministry of Health; the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in its capacity as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Radiation and Health; ARPANSA as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Radiation Protection. PROSPERO CRD42021236798.

Factors Affecting the Accessibility of Voice Telephony for People with Hearing Loss: Audio Encoding, Network Impairments, Video and Environmental Noise

This paper describes four studies with a total of 114 individuals with hearing loss and 12 hearing controls that investigate the impact of audio quality parameters on voice telecommunications. These studies were first informed by a survey of 439 individuals with hearing loss on their voice telecommunications experiences. While voice telephony was very important, with high usage of wireless mobile phones, respondents reported relatively low satisfaction with their hearing devices’ performance for telephone listening, noting that improved telephone audio quality was a significant need. The studies cover three categories of audio quality parameters: (1) narrowband (NB) versus wideband (WB) audio; (2) encoding audio at varying bit rates, from typical rates used in today's mobile networks to the highest quality supported by these audio codecs; and (3) absence of packet loss to worst-case packet loss in both mobile and VoIP networks. Additionally, NB versus WB audio was tested in auditory-only and audiovisual presentation modes and in quiet and noisy environments. With WB audio in a quiet environment, individuals with hearing loss exhibited better speech recognition, expended less perceived mental effort, and rated speech quality higher than with NB audio. WB audio provided a greater benefit when listening alone than when the visual channel also was available. The noisy environment significantly degraded performance for both presentation modes, but particularly for listening alone. Bit rate affected speech recognition for NB audio, and speech quality ratings for both NB and WB audio. Packet loss affected all of speech recognition, mental effort, and speech quality ratings. WB versus NB audio also affected hearing individuals, especially under packet loss. These results are discussed in terms of the practical steps they suggest for the implementation of telecommunications systems and related technical standards and policy considerations to improve the accessibility of voice telephony for people with hearing loss.

A State of Art Survey for Understanding Malware Detection Approaches in Android Operating System

Mobile malware is malicious software that targets mobile phones or wireless-enabled Personal digital assistants (PDA), by causing the collapse of the system and loss or leakage of confidential information. As wireless phones and PDA networks have become more and more common and have grown in complexity, it has become increasingly difficult to ensure their safety and security against electronic attacks in the form of viruses or other malware. Android is now the world's most popular OS. More and more malware assaults are taking place in Android applications. Many security detection techniques based on Android Apps are now available. Android applications are developing rapidly across the mobile ecosystem, but Android malware is also emerging in an endless stream. Many researchers have studied the problem of Android malware detection and have put forward theories and methods from different perspectives. Existing research suggests that machine learning is an effective and promising way to detect Android malware. Notwithstanding, there exist reviews that have surveyed different issues related to Android malware detection based on machine learning. The open environmental feature of the Android environment has given Android an extensive appeal in recent years. The growing number of mobile devices, they are incorporated in many aspects of our everyday lives. In today’s digital world most of the anti-malware tools are signature based which is ineffective to detect advanced unknown malware viz. Android OS, which is the most prevalent operating system (OS), has enjoyed immense popularity for smart phones over the past few years. Seizing this opportunity, cybercrime will occur in the form of piracy and malware. Traditional detection does not suffice to combat newly created advanced malware. So, there is a need for smart malware detection systems to reduce malicious activities risk. The present paper includes a thorough comparison that summarizes and analyses the various detection techniques.

Availability and Use of Mobile Health Technology for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Support by Health Workers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have been identified as promising strategies for improving access to healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. However, the extent of availability and use of mHealth among healthcare professionals in Ghana is not known. The study’s main objective was to examine the availability and use of mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support by healthcare professionals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 285 healthcare professionals across 100 primary healthcare clinics in the Ashanti Region with an adopted survey tool. We obtained data on the participants’ background, available health infrastructure, healthcare workforce competency, ownership of a mobile wireless device, usefulness of mHealth, ease of use of mHealth, user satisfaction, and behavioural intention to use mHealth. Descriptive statistics were conducted to characterise healthcare professionals’ demographics and clinical features. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the influence of the demographic factors on the availability and use of mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support. STATA version 15 was used to complete all the statistical analyses. Out of the 285 healthcare professionals, 64.91% indicated that mHealth is available to them, while 35.08% have no access to mHealth. Of the 185 healthcare professionals who have access to mHealth, 98.4% are currently using mHealth to support healthcare delivery. Logistic regression model analysis significantly (p < 0.05) identified that factors such as the availability of mobile wireless devices, phone calls, text messages, and mobile apps are associated with HIV, TB, medication adherence, clinic appointments, and others. There is a significant association between the availability of mobile wireless devices, text messages, phone calls, mobile apps, and their use for disease diagnosis and treatment compliance from the chi-square test analysis. The findings demonstrate a low level of mHealth use for disease diagnosis and treatment support by healthcare professionals at rural clinics. We encourage policymakers to promote the implementation of mHealth in rural clinics.

Implementation of Digital Signage for Smart Facility System using IoT

Recently, as wireless communication and smart phone spread and technology develop, there is an increasing demand for a system capable of real-time communication and business processing using online information anytime, anywhere in the offline field. In particular, changes in digital signage technology are developing in various ways due to the development of advanced convergence technologies. With the development of convergence technologies, digital signage has been constructed to provide information through a structured structure between each component in order to develop in a form that can deliver information in response to environmental changes rather than user input. This paper developed a system that outputs and services various contents together with industrial facility inspection and management by using wireless communication Bluetooth in a display device equipped with an operating system. This system is an Internet-of-Things-based system that simultaneously outputs various contents and a business management function that enables facility inspection.

Genotoxic Effects of Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Fields

Genotoxic Effects of Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Fields

Human Detection System

Nowadays, Technology is advancing day by day. Most of the thing are done today with the help of technology. Technology makes the things automate and reduce human efforts. Technology plays a vital role in everyone’s life either in the form of comfort or security. To provide a input in enhancing the security, we are proposing a Human detection system. System is based on today’s most popular and growing IOT technology and PIR Sensor. System is operated through wireless network suing mobile phones. PIR sensor is used here to detect presence of human in nearby areas. System generates the alert if presence of human is detected. System ensures the security in restricted areas.

Lost opportunities for cancer prevention: historical evidence on early warnings with emphasis on radiofrequency radiation.

Some historical aspects on late lessons from early warnings on cancer risks with lost time for prevention are discussed. One current example is the cancer-causing effect from radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Studies since decades have shown increased human cancer risk. The fifth generation, 5G, for wireless communication is about to be implemented world-wide despite no comprehensive investigations of potential risks to human health and the environment. This has created debate on this technology among concerned people in many countries. In an appeal to EU in September 2017, currently endorsed by more than 400 scientists and medical doctors, a moratorium on the 5G deployment was required until proper scientific evaluation of negative consequences has been made (www.5Gappeal.eu). That request has not been taken seriously by EU. Lack of proper unbiased risk evaluation of the 5G technology makes adverse effects impossible to be foreseen. This disregard is exemplified by the recent report from the International Commission on non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) whereby only thermal (heating) effects from RF radiation are acknowledged despite a large number of reported non-thermal effects. Thus, no health effects are acknowledged by ICNIRP for non-thermal RF electromagnetic fields in the range of 100kHz-300GHz. Based on results in three case-control studies on use of wireless phones we present preventable fraction for brain tumors. Numbers of brain tumors of not defined type were found to increase in Sweden, especially in the age group 20-39 years in both genders, based on the Swedish Inpatient Register. This may be caused by the high prevalence of wireless phone use among children and in adolescence taking a reasonable latency period and the higher vulnerability to RF radiation among young persons.

Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design

This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of metamaterial application in absorption reduction of 5G electromagnetic (EM) energy in the human head tissue. In a general sense, the radio frequency (RF) energy that received by wireless mobile phone from the base station, will emit to surrounding when the devices are in active mode. Since the latest fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks is upon us, the emission of radiation from any wireless devices needs to be taken into consideration. This motivation helps to prepare this paper that focuses on construction of novel and compact square-shaped metamaterial (SM) design to reduce electromagnetic exposure to humans. The commercially available substrate material known as FR-4 with thickness of 1.6 mm was selected to place the metamaterial design on it. The electromagnetic properties and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses were carried out numerically by utilising high-performance 3D EM analysis, Computer Simulation Technology Studio (CST) software. Meanwhile, for the validation purpose, the metamaterial designs for both unit and array cells were fabricated to measure the electromagnetic properties of the material. From the numerical simulation, the introduced SM design manifested quadruple resonance frequencies in multi bands precisely at 1.246 (at L-band), 3.052, 3.794 (at S-band), and 4.858 (C-band) GHz. However, the comparison of numerically simulated and measured data reveals a slight difference between them where only the second resonance frequency was decreased by 0.009 GHz while other frequencies were increased by 0.002, 0.045, and 0.117 GHz in sequential order. Moreover, the SAR analysis recorded high values at 3.794 GHz with 61.16% and 70.33% for 1 g and 10 g of tissue volumes, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrate strong SAR reduction effects, and the proposed SM design may be considered a promising aspect in the telecommunication field.

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF UPDATED TECHNOLOGY IN UNIVERSITY ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

Technology nowadays has become the trend of every aspect of life and teaching is not away from the that fad. What Elbert Einstein indicates “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity” ,has been sharply outlined. The adoption of updated technology represents an important advance in modern English language teaching methods. The use of technology in an English classroom is involved with a variety of technical gadgets like a variety of mobile phones, wireless phone, laptop, tablets, notebooks, pen drives, online dictionary in addition to social media such as Facebook, Orkut, and Google search. English classes have become a part of the novel trends. They encourage the English teachers to investigate the best appropriate one which optimizes the class for better learning English. The present term-paper is intended to shed the light on the role undertaken by up-to-date technology in optimizing English classrooms nowadays. The aim of this study is to identify the role updated technology in language classrooms undertake to nurture and support language learning. This research is a descriptive one where a sample of (90) second year students at the Department of English/ College of Education /IbnRushd /University of Baghdad are randomly chosen to respond to the questionnaire items which are adopted from a previous study to identify the role undertaken by updated technology in language classroom. The students’ responses have been statistically analyzed and rejected positively the null hypothesis to capture the importance of updated technology in boosting language learning on the students’ part.

Signal jammer reduces wireless fidelity network and global system in local environment

Cellular networks are a way of long distance communication without the use of cables, this system is a modern style of communication that was previously communication using a landline-based telephone. Cell phones (cellphones) or cell phones (cellphones) are electronic-based telecommunications devices that have the exact same basis as telephone telecommunications devices using cables or wireless wireless. The use of cellular or wireless phones is very useful, but in certain conditions their use can be limited because it can interfere with people around him such as the implementation of worship, examinations, meetings and so forth. To answer complaints about how to reduce cell phone and wireless signals, a tool that is able to deactivate GSM and Wi-fi cell phone signals at certain radii will use a jammer, a device that works by emitting full noise signals at 900 MHz frequency banks, 1800 MHz and 2700 MHz, so that the communication device cannot be used until the time limit and the distance of the radius that reaches the communication device. The results of this study have been successfully carried out by deactivating cell phone and wireless signals at a maximum distance of 7 meters from the jammer.

Технические принципы создания беспроводной локальной сети Wi-Fi

This article discusses the stages of development, characteristics of a wireless local area network Wi-Fi, options for its topology and equipment used. Currently, there are such different types of wireless networks as Wireless Wide Area Network, Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (Wireless Neighborhood Area Network), Wireless Local Area Network, Wireless Personal Area Network. Each of the listed wireless networks has its own specific range and application. Wireless LAN Wi-Fi refers to the Wireless Local Area Network. The first wireless LAN standard, Wi-Fi, was approved in 1997. From the moment of their appearance to the present day, the following standards of this network have appeared: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11ax. For each standard, the speeds and frequency ranges at which the data transmission was carried out are indicated, and the technologies on which they are built are described. Wireless LAN Wi-Fi has three topologies: 1) Ad-Hoc (point-to-point) or Independent Basic Service Set; 2) Basic Service Set ("client / server") and 3) Extended Service Set ("extended service areas"). To build a Wi-Fi network, network adapters, access points, routers, ADSL modems, Wi-Fi phones, Wi-Fi antennas, Wi-Fi repeaters are used. Wi-Fi adapters are used by devices that do not have a built-in Wi-Fi module. Wi-Fi access points are designed for organizing wireless access within a local network. Wi-Fi routers are designed to route traffic on a computer network. ADSL modems are used to access the Internet over a telephone line. Wi-Fi repeaters are used to expand the coverage of a wireless network using already installed equipment. Wi-Fi phones are wireless IP phones. Wi-Fi antennas are used to extend the range of a wireless network.

On Using CNTFs-Based Wires for High Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Charging Systems

In many practical wireless power transfers (WPT) applications, such as cell phone wireless charger, electrical vehicles, and implantable cardiac pacemakers, the weight and power losses in the coupled coils are primary design issues. Currently, metallic wires are normally used to fabricate the WPT coils. The metallic wires have several problems, mainly involving large weight, poor mechanical performance, corrosion, and resistive losses (especially at high frequency due to both of skin and proximity effects). Carbon Nanotube Fibers (CNTFs)-based wire is a promising candidate to replace the conventional metallic wires in these applications. CNTFs-based wires have superior electrical properties at high frequencies. Furthermore, it shows high mechanical performance, light weight, and high thermal conductivity. This paper uses CNTF wires to investigate a planar spiral transformer suitable for WPT charging systems. Efficiency of the transformer is investigated theoretically and experimentally over several MHz frequencies and ampere currents. The CNTFs-based wireless transformer operation was compared with copper (Cu) based wireless transformer fabricated with similar dimensions and DC resistance values. The AC resistance of both transformers is calculated using the conventional model of solid round conductor and the FEM simulation. It is found that the calculated and the FEM AC resistance values are matched in case of Cu transformer with 4194A Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer measurements while they are mismatched in case of CNTFs one. Therefore, a correction factor for the AC resistance of CNTFs wire is proposed to match the calculated AC resistance with the measured one. Furthermore, both transformers were tested experimentally within 50 W/6.78 MHz WPT charging systems at different ampere currents. The charger efficiency measurements verify the analyzer results showing better efficiency with CNTF based transformer in comparing to copper one.

선거여론조사 예측성의 결정요인: 21대 국회의원 선거 무선전화 조사방식의 영향을 중심으로

이 연구의 목적은 선거여론조사 예측성의 결정요인을 규명하는 것이다. 구체적으로 선거여론조사 예측성을 분석하는 종합모형을 구축하여 무선전화 조사방식의 영향력을 검증하였다. 분석대상은 21대 국회의원 선거에서 시행된 143개 선거구 365건의 선거여론조사에 한정하였다.<BR> 분석결과, 무선면접 조사방식은 예측성에 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 즉 “유선ARS와 무선ARS” 및 “유선면접과 무선면접”의 혼합된 조사방식이 주요한 흐름을 형성하더라도, 무선ARS보다는 무선면접의 비율이 높을수록 당선자의 득표율 예측이 높았다. 그리고 기타방법론 요인(유권자 수 대비 표본수), 조사기관의 특성(수도권 소재, 중앙여론조사심의위원회 등록연도가 빠른 경우), 유권자 선호 변화(무응답층), 선거구 특성(후보자수, 수도권)도 당선자 예측, 당선자의 득표율 예측, 당선자와 2위 후보자 간 득표율 차이의 예측에 일정한 영향을 미치고 있었다.

Wireless phone use and adult meningioma risk: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Several studies explored the effects of exposure to radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) EMF emitted from mobile phones on meningioma among adults. However, the results could not reach an agreement. This meta-analysis was conducted to confirm the relationship between adult meningioma risk and the use of a wireless phone. Methods: Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase up to August 2018. The random- or fixed-effects model was used to combine the results depending on the heterogeneity of the analysis. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s regression asymmetry test. The subgroup analysis was performed by time since the first use of wireless phone and laterality (ipsilateral/contralateral). Results: Eight studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that the ever use of wireless phone led to a borderline decreased adult meningioma risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–0.99] with no heterogeneity (I 2 = 5.3%; p = 0.391). A decreased risk of meningioma was seen in short-term (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) users. Neither decreased nor increased risk of meningioma was observed in mid-term (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.75–1.16) and long-term (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.93–1.19) users. Neither ipsilateral (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.90–1.22) nor contralateral (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.62–1.18) wireless phone use was associated with the risk of meningioma. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested a relationship between decreased meningioma risk and wireless phone use. However, the findings need further validation.

Reviews - Consumer Technology. Gadgets - Cameras, Wireless phone charging and sanitisers, toys and a whole lot more . . .

Reviews - Consumer Technology. Gadgets - Cameras, Wireless phone charging and sanitisers, toys and a whole lot more . . .

Is the Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Nordic Countries Caused by Use of Mobile Phones?

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized in 2011 radiofrequency (RF) as a possible human carcinogen, Group 2B. During use of the handheld wireless phone, especially the smartphone, the thyroid gland is a target organ. During the 21st century, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in many countries. We used the Swedish Cancer Register to study trends from 1970 to 2017. During that time period, the incidence increased statistically significantly in women with average annual percentage change (AAPC) +2.13%, 95% confidence interval (CI) +1.43, +2.83%. The increase was especially pronounced during 2010–2017 with annual percentage change (APC) +9.65%, 95% CI +6.68, +12.71%. In men, AAPC increased during 1970–2017 with +1.49%, 95% CI +0.71, +2.28%. Highest increase was found for the time period 2001–2017 with APC +5.26%, 95% CI +4.05, +6.49%. Similar results were found for all Nordic countries based on NORDCAN 1970–2016 with APC +5.83%, 95% CI +4.56, +7.12 in women from 2006 to 2016 and APC + 5.48%, 95% CI +3.92, +7.06% in men from 2005 to 2016. According to the Swedish Cancer Register, the increasing incidence was similar for tumors ≤4 cm as for tumors >4 cm, indicating that the increase cannot be explained by overdiagnosis. These results are in agreement with recent results on increased thyroid cancer risk associated with the use of mobile phones. We postulate that RF radiation is a causative factor for the increasing thyroid cancer incidence.

Factors Influencing Purchasing Intention of Smartphone Brand: A Study on Female Students in University Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the purchase intention of smartphone among female university students in University Malaysia Perlis. Mobile communication has made an impact towards interaction between people while conducting business either locally or internationally. The expansion of mobile communication technology such as wireless internet, mobile phone and Global Positioning System (GPS) are constantly evolving and upgrading and it will affect the result of consumers’ changing needs and preferences. As a result, this research has carried out to identify the factors influencing purchasing intention of smartphone among female students in University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). This study investigates the relationship between brand image, price, product features, peer group and purchase intention towards smartphone brands. This survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires and the data was run using SPSS. The result shows that there is a positive and significant relationship among all the independent variables and all hypothesis is accepted. Based on these results, it seems that the smartphone company needs to enhance their product with affordable price and develop marketing strategy to attract consumer especially female consumers as they play an important role in purchasing power and increase purchase intention.

In Case You Haven't Heard…

Advocacy organizations around the country, including Mental Health America (MHA), are calling on Congress to complete the work already started by voting to turn the National Suicide Hotline Designation Act into law. The National Suicide Hotline Designation Act establishes 988 as the easy‐to‐access three‐digit dialing code for suicide prevention and creates funding support through states and wireless phone carriers, similar to what the country has for 911. In July, the Federal Communications Commission made the historic announcement that it had unanimously voted to prevent suicides by designating 988 as the universal three‐digit dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. MHA on Sept. 15 sent out notices urging consumers to push Congress to make history on this designated number and make mental health services more accessible to save lives.