Width Parameter Research Articles

Supercontinuum Generation from Airy-Gaussian Pulses in Photonic Crystal Fiber with Three Zero-Dispersion Points

The supercontinuum generation and manipulation of Airy-Gaussian pulses in a photonic crystal fiber with three zero-dispersion points are studied using the split-step Fourier method. Firstly, the spectral evolution of Airy-Gaussian pulses in four photonic crystal fibers with different barrier widths was discussed, and the optimal fiber was determined after considering the factors of width and flatness. By analyzing the mechanism of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers with single, double and three zero-dispersion points, it is found that the photonic crystal fiber with three zero-dispersion points have a larger spectral width due to the component of tunneling solitons. Then, the effects of four characteristic parameters (truncation factor a, distribution factor χ0, initial chirp C and central wavelength λ) on forming the supercontinuum spectrum of Airy-Gaussian pulses are analyzed in detail. The results show that the spectral width and energy intensity of the dispersive wave and tunneling soliton generation can be well controlled by adjusting the barrier width and initial parameters of the pulse. These research results provide a theoretical basis for generating and manipulating high-power mid-infrared supercontinuum sources.

Analysis of a cracked neo-Hookean substrate with initial stress under a rigid punch

The coupling problem of a cracked neo-Hookean substrate with initial stress under a rigid punch is examined in the current work. Fourier series is used to transform the mixed boundary value problem(MBVP) into singular integral equations (SIEs). The obtained SIEs is solved by using Gauss-Chebyshev collocation method. The stress distributions on the contact zone and crack surface, and related singularities are present. The numerical experiments examine how the punch position, punch width, crack length and propagation parameter affect the stress field. The result showed that: for k = 1 and unchanged material property parameters, the incremental stress distribution on the initially stressed neo-Hookean base is very similar to the Cauchy stress distribution of the isotropic linear elastic base.

Balance and gait in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) causes various physical problems such as the increased risk of falling, loss of balance and coordination while standing or walking, susceptibility to injuries due to sensory loss.AimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of neuropathic pain (NP) in individuals with DPN on balance and gait.MethodsThis prospective controlled study was conducted on 42 adults aged between 40–65 years. The participants were divided into three groups; individuals with DPN and NP (DPN+NP/n = 14), individuals with DPN without NP (DPN-NP/n = 14), and the control group (n = 14), respectively. The Force Plate system and Core Balance System measured static and dynamic postural balance and stability limits. Gait and dynamic plantar pressure distribution analyses were performed with a computerized gait evaluation system.ResultsThe score of LANSS, and VAS during gait were higher in DPN+NP group than in DPN-NP (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in balance parameters (p > 0.05). The right-left heel maximum forces were lower in both groups with DPN compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In terms of spatiotemporal parameters of the gait, there was a difference between the groups only in step width and left single support line parameters (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the individuals with DPN have an increased step width, their left single support line was shortened, and the maximum force on the heel decreased. The NP did not cause any change in balance and gait parameters.

Heat transfer analysis and structure optimization of unit of flat plate based on a response surface test: An experimental teaching perspective in higher education

The Flat Plate is a common component of solar photothermal experiment and an important teaching tool in the new energy teaching experiment. Aiming at the problem of low heat transfer efficiency and poor teaching effect of traditional roll-bond flat plate, this paper conducts a numerical simulation study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the ”Y” -shaped channel unit. The four parameters of width, length, runner parting angle and runner width are used as control variables to optimize the heat transfer structure of the runner. Taking the ”Y” -shaped channel unit as the research object, the finite element model of conjugate heat transfer was established by using Fluent. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is concluded that in the defined length and width interval, the thermal efficiency increases first and then decreases with the increase of the length of the heat transfer unit, and the pressure drop coefficient has a negative correlation with the length and width of the unit. The runner width has a positive correlation with the thermal efficiency and a negative correlation with the pressure drop coefficient. Then, according to the Box-Behnken principle, a response surface test for heat transfer optimization was designed, an optimization model with thermal efficiency and pressure drop coefficient as the response indicators was established, and the optimal element design scheme was determined. The optimization results show that when the subunit length of the heat transfer runner is 40 mm, the width is 35 mm, the parting angle is 60°, and the runner width is 11 mm, the thermal efficiency of the ”Y”-shaped runner is 0.782, and the pressure drop coefficient is 0.121. Finally, a direct-expansion solar auxiliary heating system is built to test the scheme. The experimental results show that the collector using the ”Y”-shaped channel shows better solar energy utilization, which increases the COP of the system by 15.2%. This study provides a reference for the design and optimization of other types of flow channels to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the roll-bond flat plate. Through optimization, the system has innovated in the experimental mode, effectively made up for the shortcomings in the training of new energy professionals, and enriched and developed the experimental theory system and teaching methods of higher education of energy and power majors.

Extraction of Actual Faults with Adjusting the Pixel Width Parameter to Remove Undesired Noise Pixels in the Image (RPW)

Image Denoising, Deblurring, and Enhancement techniques are most commonly used on the images to reduce or completely remove the noise. The noisy images are not capable of perfectly using the solution of the desired problems such as object edge detection, object segmentation, and object classification. Because the edges of these objects have much bluer or more noise pixels for clearly stable detection. The main motivation of this study is to solve the problem of detection and elimination of the undesired noisy pixels on the encountered images. These noisy pixels are needed to be removed from the obtained images which are the results of throughout determined image processing steps. The main reason for this study motivation come out that to find the actual inscription fault has some noisy (undesired) pixels when extracting the true difference between the two images has been subtracted from each other. The subtracted image results are used in the inscription inspection process that controls the accuracy of the inscription quality. In the inscription inspection process, subtracted image results are used to determine the accuracy of the inscription quality. These subtracted images are formed by subtraction from each other of reference images and sample images. In these subtracted images if truly exist inscriptions faults or sometimes that could be occurred undesired noisy pixels at the same time in the subtraction process. This study focused on detecting and eliminating the undesired noisy pixels in order to reach actual inscription faults in the images. Thus, the remove pixels as width algorithm (RPW) has been developed and applied to these specified images.

Effective width evaluation for HSS-UHPC composite beams with perfobond strip connectors

This paper investigates the design criteria for predicting the effective width in high strength steel (HSS)-to-Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with perfobond strip connectors (PBLs). Twenty-eight HSS-UHPC composite beams with varying parameters of shear connection degree (C), span length (S), thickness (T) and width (W) of UHPC slab were numerically simulated and evaluated. The composite beams' strain distribution and shear lag effect were presented and analyzed. Results indicate that the shear lag of the HSS-UHPC composite beam under flexural loadings was significant, and the effective width coefficient (β) of the concrete slab was enlarged by the magnification of the C, T, and S. A comparison between the results obtained from the FE model and procedures for predicting the composite beams’ effective width was performed to assess the feasibility of design approaches. It reveals that existing codes provide good predictions for the HSS-UHPC composite beams with a W/S ratio below 0.3 but underestimate the effective width for those with W/S ratio beyond 0.3. Furthermore, an empirical model for predicting the effective width of HSS-UHPC composite beams, considering the shear lag and steel-to-UHPC interfacial slip, is derived and fitted by a data regression. The outcome of this study can provide a reference for HSS-UHPC composite beams in practical applications.

Evaluation of First Molar Buccolingual Angulations and Dental Arch Parameters in Adolescents with Bilateral Posterior Crossbite.

This study aimed to compare the maxillary and mandibular transverse dental arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of the molar teeth in patients with and without bilateral posterior crossbite (BPC) divided into different age groups. The study included dental models from 120 patients (age: 12-18 years), including 60 with BPC (32 boys and 28 girls) and 60 without BPC (controls; 30 boys and 30 girls), who were divided into three age groups (12-14, 14-16, and 16-18 years). The centroid and lingual transverse arch widths, dental arch perimeters, dental arch depths, and buccolingual angulation of the molar teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions were evaluated using scanned three-dimensional dental models. Dental arch parameters and buccolingual molar angulation did not significantly differ between the different age groups in either the patients with BPC or the controls (p>0.05). However, several dental arch width parameters differed significantly between sexes in both groups, with higher values in boys than in girls (p<0.05). The difference in the upper and lower molar buccolingual angulation between patients with BPC and controls was greater at the age of 16-18 years than the age of 12-14 years (p<0.05). Patients with BPC have smaller maxillary dental arch widths and larger mandibular intermolar widths than those without BPC. The difference in the molar buccolingual angulation between them increases with advancing age.

Evaluation of the sex-determining features of upper and lower extremity morphometric measurements in the newborn

Somatometric measurements are frequently used for identity determination in forensic investigations. Especially in the aftermath of mass disasters, the need arises to determine the age and sex of fragmented body remains, requiring data related to extremities. The literature often highlights the limitations of studies concerning sex determination during the prepubertal period. Therefore, our study aims to identify and evaluate morphometric measurements of upper and lower extremities in the neonatal period for sex determination. The study was conducted on 399 newborns (196 females, 203 males; 326 Turkish, 73 Syrian) without any external anomalies or pathologies. Initially, length and width parameters were measured for the upper and lower extremities of the newborns. Subsequently, index values were determined to examine the proportional relationship between the upper and lower extremities. The obtained data were statistically analyzed and compared based on sex and groups. According to the results, all parameter and index values obtained from the upper and lower extremities, except for the leg/thigh length index, showed no statistically significant difference between sexes. The study's neonatal extremity measurements are believed to contribute to fields such as forensic sciences, fetopathology, anatomy, obstetrics, and pediatrics concerning growth, development, and sex determination.

Radiological examination of the skull of Siirt-coloured mohair goat, Romanov and Hamdani sheep.

The skull is a vitally important complex structure formed by the combination of many bones. Craniometric studies are performed with various imaging methods to determine morphometric characteristics in animals. One of these methods is radiography. In our study, skulls of 14 Hamdani sheep, 20 Siirt-coloured mohair goats and 20 Romanov sheep breeds were used. Skull sections were taken with a computed tomography device and saved in DICOM format. Nine separate measurements and six index calculations were made from the images. In the study, firstly, the gender difference was ignored and the similarities and differences between the species were recorded. In addition, gender differences were determined statistically, without making any distinction between species. Correlation analysis was performed to compare measurement parameters between animal species. As a result of the study, the highest skull length (SL) and cranial length (CL) values were determined in the Siirt-coloured mohair goat. It was determined that the difference between Romanov sheep and Siirt-coloured mohair goat in CL parameter was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed between the Romanov sheep breed and the Hamdani sheep breed (p < 0.01). The external length of the cranium (ELC) measurement parameter was found to have a statistically significant difference in three animals (p < 0.01). According to the results of the correlation analysis, the highest correlation value was determined between cranial width (CW) and CL parameters (r = 0.920). When the species difference was ignored, and the statistical difference of the internal height of the cranium (IHC) parameter was found to be significant between female and male animals (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that SL, CW and internal cranium index (ICI) parameters had a significant difference depending on sex (p < 0.01). It is foreseen that the obtained data can be used in sciences such as zoo archaeology, anatomy, surgery and forensic medicine.

Anthropometric Study of Canthal Distances and Mouth Width Among Adults of Kalabari

Purpose: The face is considered to be the most crucial aspect to define the beauty of a particular individual. Therefore, the facial anatomy of different ethnic groups must be well understood for forensic studies, research, and also for surgery purposes. The purpose of this study is to establish normal values of canthal distances and mouth width parameters in adult Kalabaris in Rivers State, Nigeria, to determine sexual dimorphism and also to correlate them with age.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was conducted using a total of 315 participants, consisting of 163 females and 152 males, selected randomly from the various Kalabari communities, between the ages of 19 and 50. Participants were measured using a digital Vernier caliper.&#x0D; Findings: The data were collected and analysed using SPSS, and results were expressed in mean ± standard deviation. The mean values of inner canthal distance in adult males and females were 36.64 ± 1.81mm and 34.78 ± 3.25mm respectively. Mean values for outer canthal distance were 99.30 ± 3.63mm for males and 97.91 ± 4.45mm for females. The mean values for mouth width in males was 55.69 ± 5.58mm, whereas in females it was 53.92 ± 3.23mm.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: There is sexual dimorphism in the parameters measured, and it also showed significant positive relation with age, p &lt; 0.05. Comparison with other population showed the mean values for the parameters in the adult kalabari population differ from them. Data obtained in this study would provide basis for application in forensics, maxillofacial surgery and clinical practice in Rivers State, Nigeria We recommend that the result of this study be used as a baseline data for future works and similar studies be done on other ethnic groups

Evaluation of red blood cell distribution width, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and other hematologic parameters in canine acute pancreatitis.

To determine if RBC distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other hematological parameters are associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality, increased length of hospitalization (LOH), or disease severity as measured by the Canine Acute Pancreatitis Severity (CAPS) score in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP). Retrospective, multicenter study from January 2016 to August 2020. Four private emergency and specialty referral centers. On initial case search, 118 client-owned dogs were identified with a clinical diagnosis of AP. Out of these cases, 114 dogs met inclusion criteria, defined as sudden onset of ≥2 compatible clinic signs (lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, or abdominal pain), a specific canine pancreatic lipase concentration >400μg/L, hospital admission, as well as CBC and serum biochemistry run within 48hours of initial hospitalization. Disease severity was calculated and measured using the CAPS score, in addition to LOH and in-hospital mortality. None. Clinical endpoints were in-hospital mortality, LOH, and disease severity, as evaluated by the CAPS score. Overall in-hospital mortality was 36.8%. NLR was significantly associated with survival, with a higher percentage being associated with an increased likelihood of nonsurvival (odds ratio: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.2; P=0.006, adjusted P=0.04). Increased NLR was found to be significantly associated with a longer LOH based on the unadjusted P-value (P=0.02) but was not statistically significant based on a P-value adjusted for multiple comparisons (P=0.12). No significant associations were noted when RDW, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, WBC count, mean platelet volume, RDW-to-platelet ratio, or RDW-to-total serum calcium ratio was evaluated against outcome measures. This study retrospectively evaluated the prognostic utility of several readily available hematological parameters in dogs hospitalized for AP. Dogs with an increased NLR may have a higher risk of in-hospital mortality and increased LOH, although future prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Predictive Factors for Union Time in Adult Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures

Purpose: Although open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) by plating are the treatment of choice for diaphyseal fractures of the forearm, delayed union and non-union remain as existing complications. This study aimed to analyze predictive factors for the union time in diaphyseal fractures of the forearm. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all adult patients with diaphyseal forearm fractures who underwent surgical treatment with plate fixation between 2007 and 2016 at a tertiary care referral center. The patients were divided into two groups based on their union times: ≤3 months or &gt;3 months. They were then compared for demographics, fracture pattern and characteristics, associated injuries, type of fixation, and quality of postoperative reduction. Results: Eighty-six diaphyseal forearm bone fractures (radius, ulna, or both) were observed in 55 adults. Out of these fractures, 55 (65.1%) achieved union within ≤3 months, 26 (30.3%) took more than 3 months to achieve union, and 4 (4.6%) resulted in nonunion. The use of a locking plate in open reduction and internal fixation of diaphyseal forearm fractures significantly increased the likelihood of union within ≤3 months (p = 0.043). The parameter of gap width at the fracture site, as observed on postoperative X-rays, showed a qualitative and quantitative correlation with union time (p = 0.028). Conclusion: The use of a locking plate, combined with reducing the gap width at the fracture site after reduction during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of diaphyseal forearm fractures, is significantly correlated with an increased likelihood of achieving bone union within 3 months.

Research on Vision of Intelligent Car Based on Broad Learning System.

The broad learning system (BLS) of intelligent vehicle in different target environments is studied in this article. First, this article provides with the target recognition image data to be trained and detected through the automated guided vehicle (AGV) mobile platform, which can grab the recognition image of different angles and backgrounds. In order to avoid the data generalization phenomenon, the dataset can be expanded by the data normalization and data enhancement. Second, the data are input into the shared convolution layer to extract the feature image and maintain the image. The parameters of image height, width, and channel number are invariable, and the new feature image is obtained by further extraction. Furthermore, the region proposal network (RPN) prefiltering algorithm based on hierarchical clustering is used to filter the objects in the candidate box to determine the region image corresponding to the feature image. Then, the feature images of different sizes input into region of interest (ROI) pooling are used to keep the size of the image in the ROI consistent. Finally, the normalized image is input into the classifier module to obtain the category of the target recognition image to be detected. Through the simulation experiments of different groups, it can be seen that the target recognition system proposed in this design can not only accurately detect the objects but also stably recognize the objects in different environments. The target recognition accuracy for the optimized system is about 95%.

Processing Receiver Function Data in Mentawai Region, Sumatra

The Mentawai Islands are located in the western part of Sumatra, in the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plate subduction zone. Because of these tectonic settings, the Mentawai Region has a high level of seismicity, making it particularly appealing for subsurface structure study. We used the receiver function method in this study to see response receiver function on plate subduction zone and compare the two deconvolution. This method uses the conversion of P-to-S waves, which have a larger amplitude in the radial component than vertical waves. The deconvolution technique is used to extract the two components of the receiver function signal. Water level deconvolution and iterative deconvolution were employed in this study. In practice, any deconvolution method cannot produce a suitable receiver function due to various methodologies that cannot be used in all conditions. Therefore, an evaluation is needed of each deconvolution method used to obtain the best results. This study utilizes two teleseismic stations located in the north and south of Mentawai, which were obtained through the IRIS website, and applied the Butterworth filter to obtain organized and noise-free data. The first results show that the water level is stronger than the iterative, which is more sensitive to the Gaussian filter width parameter. However, they produced almost identical results at both stations, precisely the arrival time of Ps, which was in 3-4 seconds and was followed by a low velocity.

Study of propagation of skew cosh Gaussian laser beam in attenuated magneto plasma

Self-focusing of a laser beam is one of the major consequences of nonlinear interaction of laser with plasma. In this paper, self-focusing of skew cosh Gaussian (skew-ChG) laser beam is studied in anisotropic, collisional plasma where in externally exponentially decreasing magnetic field is applied. Skewness parameters in the field profile of skew-ChG laser beam eventually determine intensity profile of the beam. The symmetry in skewness parameter in two transverse directions simplifies the calculations considerably. Second order, nonlinear, ordinary, coupled differential equations for Beam Width Parameters (BWP) are obtained using Akhmanovs approach under Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial approximations which are solved numerically. For given amplitude of applied magnetic field, attenuated oscillatory self-focusing is observed with respect to change in attenuation coefficient.

Studying the impact of impeller geometrical parameters on the high-efficiency working range of pump as turbine (PAT) installed in the water distribution network

The development plan for micro hydropower is expanding with an increasing focus on renewable energy sources. There is increasing attention to using PATs to recover extra hydraulic energy in the water distribution network (WDN) pipelines. In this paper, the performance curves of PAT installed instead of pressure-reducing valves in WDN were investigated. The quality and reliability of numerical simulations were validated compared to the experimental results. Investigating hourly flow rate variations in WDN shows that the PAT working conditions change frequently and operate for a long time under off-design conditions. Since there are no tools to control and guide the fluid to the impeller, there is no proper conformance between the inlet flow and the blade profile, and in this condition loss increases and efficiency decreases. In order to improve the PAT performance in the working range, the effect of modifying parameters of blade thickness, blade number, and blade inlet width is numerically investigated. Optimal geometric parameters for designing a special impeller were determined by considering the flow rate changes of the PRS over 4 working months. Analyzing the PAT performance with a special impeller indicates that losses caused by the flow separation at the leading and trailing edges of the blade as well as the formation of vortices are significantly reduced. Moreover, the fluid's tendency to follow the blade profile is improved due to the flow field form in impeller passages, and the PAT's high-efficiency working range is extended. The greatest increase in efficiency occurs in the overload flow rate (1.2QBEP) and is improved by 6.48%. In this case study, the power generation capacity of the soft pressure regulating system (SPRS) will increase by 5.1% using the special impeller.

Development and evaluation of a fast fabrication process-based 3D printed strain gauge sensors

The prevailing use of sensing technologies has facilitated advanced research on the fabrication of sensors for various applications. As the demand for sensor technology continues to rise, there is also an increased need for fabrication methods that are inexpensive and fit for use. Most conventional fabrication methods are not adaptive to rapid design and material change. Strain gauge sensors play a vital role in monitoring subtle mechanical deformations in rigid bodies. Additive manufacturing techniques can be utilized to easily prototype sensors that fit the application’s specific geometric and material needs. Also, modifications of design in terms of both shape and substrate can be implemented and tested using rapid prototyping. Within this study, the performance of 3D-printed meandering-line strain gauge sensors is investigated. A design of experiments (DoE) was developed, wherein the parameters of line width, thickness, and shape were varied and their impact on performance is analyzed.

The reverse prediction of the ship principal dimensions based on the Kelvin ship waves

This study examines the impact of the ship’s principal dimensions on the steady waves generated by the ship, and practical approaches are subsequently proposed to reverse-predict the ship’s length, width, draught, and related parameters. The ship length Ls and the related Froude number Fr=Vs/gLs are found to relate with the quasi-period of the divergent wave amplitude function. The ship length can be predicted within an accuracy of ±5% overall based on the two-point wake model considered here. The effects of the ship width and the ship draught are different, and a practical method is proposed here to predict the ship width and the ship draught based on the simplification of the Hogner theory. A noteworthy discovery of this research is that the hull form details have a more pronounced impact on the trough of the divergent waves compared to the transverse waves and the peaks of the divergent waves.

A study of UG2 pillar strength using a new pillar database

A recent experimental pillar extraction project at a UG2 bord-and-pillar mine presented a unique opportunity to compile a new pillar database. Currently, the South African hard rock bord-and-pillar mines are designed using the Hedley and Grant formula with a modified K-value. This empirically derived formula was developed for uranium mines in the Elliot Lake district of Canada. The use of this formula for the design of pillars in South Africa is questionable. Very few pillar failures have nevertheless been observed and its current calibrations for the various reef types are possibly too conservative. A new UG2 pillar database of 66 pillars, of which seven are classified as failed, was compiled by the authors. This enabled a revised 'first-order' calibration of the K-value for the Hedley and Grant formula. The new estimated value for the UG2 is K = 75 MPa. This gives a pillar strength that is more conservative than the PlatMine formula. This work should nevertheless be considered as only a preliminary calibration as the database was small. Further work is also required to determine whether the exponents in the formula for the width and height parameters are appropriate for UG2 pillars.

Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Electrical Parameters on the Discharge Characteristics of NS-SDBD

There are numerous scientific and engineering fields where the surface dielectric barrier discharge driven by nanosecond pulses (NS-SDBD) has important applications. To improve its performance, more research is still needed on the effects of electrical parameters on the NS-SDBD actuator’s discharge characteristics. In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model based on 13 discharge particle chemical processes was constructed using a numerical simulation approach, producing findings for the NS-SDBD actuator’s voltage–current (V-A) characteristics, discharge profile, and spectrum analysis. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation into the trends and underlying mechanisms of the effects of the voltage amplitude, pulse width, rise time, and fall time parameters on the discharge behavior of the NS-SDBD actuator was carried out. The results show that higher voltage amplitudes increase the maximum current and electron density, which enhances the plasma excitation effect. The peak power deposition during the second discharge is also raised by longer pulse widths and rise times, whereas the total power deposition during the second discharge is decreased by longer fall times.