Government Websites Research Articles

Analysis of barriers related to the costs incident about the cargo transportation by cabotage

Cabotage in Brazil, despite offering cost reductions for the transportation of large cargo quantities, has been underutilized. The country boasts an extensive coastline and a demographic distribution favorable to the use of coastal shipping as a means of cargo transportation. The research aimed to identify the main barriers related to costs affecting coastal shipping in Brazil. The methodology relied on bibliographic and documentary research, encompassing books, journals, official documents, reports, as well as government websites. Five barriers were identified: Barriers related to fleet depreciation and renewal costs; Operational cost barriers; Capacity-related costs of vessels; Initial kilometer cost barriers; and Intermodality cost barriers. The conducted study could contribute to enhancing decision-making regarding cargo transportation in the country, while also encouraging investment decisions and promoting coastal shipping.

The Impact of Australian Bushfires on Asthma Medicine Prescription Dispensing.

Air pollution can cause numerous health problems and increase the need for medicines to treat and prevent asthma in affected areas. There is limited evidence about the association between airborne particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or smaller (PM2.5) and asthma medicine usage. This study examined the potential association between the levels of PM2.5 and the supply of prescription asthma medicines in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia, during the severe bushfire season between November 2019-January 2020. Daily data was obtained from an ACT air quality monitoring station from November 2019 to January 2020 (study period) and November 2018 to January 2019 (control period, no bushfire). The number and types of government-funded asthma medicine prescriptions were obtained from the Services Australia (government) website by searching under 'Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Item Reports' and using relevant item codes during the study and control periods. The medians for PM2.5 levels for the study period were significantly higher than those for the control period (p < 0.001). There were increases in the number of dispensed prescriptions of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA), inhaled corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-2 agonists combined with inhaled corticosteroids. The greatest difference was seen with the inhaled corticosteroids: a 138% increase. The increase in the number of dispensed asthma prescriptions during the bushfire season should be used to inform the stock holdings of these medicines in preparation for future events to ensure access to lifesaving asthma medicines.

Trust in COVID-19 information sources and vaccination status: Exploring social inequalities and differences within the four United Kingdom nations using a representative survey.

To explore how the use of, and trust in, different sources of advice and information on COVID-19 differed across the four UK nations and between different sociodemographic groups and their associations with COVID-19 vaccination status. We used a UK-wide representative survey conducted in July 2021, which included data on uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, trust in information sources, use of sources and geographical and sociodemographic variables. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with completed or planned COVID-19 vaccination. Trust in the NHS, followed by trust in scientists, were the strongest predictors of vaccination intention. NHS websites were the most used (56% across the UK); only the Scottish government website had a higher level of reported use (58%). Using either source was associated with a positive vaccination status as were use of the GP and television as sources of advice. Use of social media, family and friends, and 'none' of the sources enquired about, were all linked to a lower likelihood of being or intending to get vaccinated. Compared to those in England, respondents in other UK nations were less likely to trust the central UK government for advice on COVID-19. There was considerable variation by age in trust and use of some, but not all, sources of advice, with predicted probabilities ranging from 35% among the youngest age group to 62% among those aged 65years or older. There were also significant differences by annual household income and by occupational class for trust in government, with higher incomes correlating with greater likelihood of trust. This study demonstrates high levels of trust in the key sources of public health advice and there was a positive association between using official sources of advice and vaccination intentions, even in the context of overall high vaccination rates. Our findings highlight the need for the UK and devolved governments to value the importance of public trust in the health system and take appropriate measures to avoid undermining such trust.

Factors for Implementing Medical Cannabis Cultivation in Brazil

: The medicinal properties of the Cannabis genus are evident and many studies indicate its usefulness to treat many diseases. However, the production of Cannabis-based products has been hampered by its criminalization. Currently its cultivation is not allowed in Brazil, except in specific situations. It increases the price of Cannabis-based products, as it requires the importation of inputs, making it difficult for most of the population to access such medicines. In this context, this review presents an overview of Brazilian legislation on medical Cannabis and the current market for Cannabis products in Brazil. The main goal is to encourage the cultivation of medical Cannabis and the distribution of its products by the Brazilian Unified Health System. In addition, it presents recommendations to implement cultivation based on a bibliographic survey carried out in scientific databases and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of Cannabis in treating patients suffering from several diseases and conditions, although more complete studies are needed to confirm both risk-benefit relationship and dose to be administered. After searching for legislation and bills on government websites, it became evident that there was a need for changes in Brazilian legislation to enable cultivation in Brazil. However, there are several proposals for legislation in progress, and Brazil can significantly benefit from this therapeutic option.

Comparative Analysis of Legislation on Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy: Italy's position relate to international panorama.

The voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP) remains one of the most contentious issues worldwide, subject to different legal frameworks and cultural interpretations. Access to VIP is considered a fundamental right for women, recognized by international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and supported by the United Nations. It is estimated that 40-50 million abortions are performed each year, of which about 75% are in developing countries. IVG is legal in only 25 countries, while in the others, it is severely restricted or illegal, leading to an increase in risky and illegal practices. We consulted government and ministerial websites in European countries to gather data on current abortion laws. In addition, scientific articles and legislative documents compare regulations across some countries, especially from 2020 to today, analyzing differences, similarities and implications. Percentage data on the number of abortions in several European countries, including Italy, were analyzed. Our analysis revealed significant differences in abortion laws between European countries. In many countries, abortion is allowed at the request of the woman within a certain gestational age limit, which typically ranges between 10 and 24 weeks. However, in some countries, the restrictions are much stricter, with limitations making access to legal abortion very difficult or impossible. In conclu-sion, the Italian experience highlights the importance of considering local sociocultural dynamics in shaping IVG policies and highlights the need for an evidence-based approach to guarantee women right to reproductive health internationally, surrounding reproductive rights, gender equality, and public health policy.

Oral Health and Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Oral health's association with general health, morbidity, and mortality in older adults highlights its importance for healthy aging. Poor oral health is not an inevitable consequence of aging, and a proactive, multidisciplinary approach to early recognition and treatment of common pathologies increases the likelihood of maintaining good oral health. Some individuals may not have regular access to a dentist, and opportunities to improve oral health may be lost if health professionals fail to appreciate the importance of oral health on overall well-being and quality of life. The authors of this narrative review examined government websites, the American Dental Association Aging and Dental Health website, and the Healthy People 2030 oral objectives and identified xerostomia, edentulism, caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer as five key topics for the non-dental provider. These conditions are associated with nutritional deficiencies, poorer quality of life, increased risk of disease development and poorer outcomes for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other systemic conditions prevalent among older adults. It is important to note that there is a bi-directional dimension to oral health and chronic diseases, underscoring the value of a multidisciplinary approach to maintaining oral health in older adults.

Developing a New Capital City (IKN) In Indonesia: A Thematic Analysis

The urgency of this research was identified from the ambitious new capital city (IKN) development project. This research aims to respond to this issue by studying the development plan. The method chosen is qualitative with a thematic analysis approach. The research data source comes from the official government website by searching official documents. The analysis tool that is maximized in data coding is Nvivo 12 Plus. This study mapped three critical themes in the IKN development plan, including the principles of development of the new capital city (IKN), the position and specificities of the new capital city (IKN), and the government's strategic efforts. In general, the IKN development theme focuses on an Indonesia-centric development orientation, development, and adaptation to the use of renewable technology and the clean technology industry for more environmentally friendly mobility and utilities, as well as accelerating the transformation of the Indonesian economy. This idea requires a government response by developing supporting infrastructure, including budget, governance, bureaucracy, and resources, and maintaining the social situation in development areas. This study is of academic interest because it provides insight into the principles and strategies underlying the development of Indonesia's new capital city (IKN), contributing to scientific discourse on sustainable development and government initiatives.

BIG DATA PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN IN MSME E-COMMERCE SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON DATA SOURCE PROCESSING USING ORCHESTRATION TOOLS

In the digital era, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) need to utilize data to improve their business performance, such as increasing customer targets, product development and pricing strategies. Apache Airflow is a powerful tool for building data scraping pipelines that are scalable, flexible, and easy to monitor. One of them is the Central Java MSME data scraping pipeline, which collects business registration information, business type, location, contacts, products, and financial information from various websites, including the Central Java Provincial Government website, basic goods price comparison tables, and specialized news sites. The captured data is stored in a data warehouse for further analysis by the Central Java souvenir entrepreneurs association (ASPOO) in the region. Apache Airflow is used to manage the scraping pipeline in the Central Java MSME E-Commerce system and ensure it runs smoothly. Apache Airflow also has a built-in dashboard for monitoring pipelines and troubleshooting issues. Overall, scraping pipeline in the Central Java MSME e-commerce system is a valuable tool for collecting and analyzing data on the MSME sector in Central Java. This pipeline is scalable, flexible and easy to use, and can be adapted to different user needs and can be integrated with various systems.

Evaluation of state laws and regulations applicable to radon in US child care centers

In the US, radon is the second most significant contributor to lung cancer, following smoking. Despite this, there is a notable absence of state-level measures and guidelines aimed at managing and mitigating the risks associated with exposure to radon gas. The objective of this research was to investigate whether state-level laws regarding radon in child care centers have a correlation with the proportion of counties in a given state that fall under radon zone 1 (with levels exceeding 4 pCi/L).The research method was a secondary analysis. Data was gathered from multiple sources, including the EPA radon website, academic journals, official state government websites, and state laws and regulations. The evaluation of current radon legislation was based on the EPA radon zones. To analyze the data, an independent T-Test was conducted with a significance level of P&lt;0.05. The results showed that 39 states in the US have at least one county falling under radon zone 1, while 11 states have no counties in this category. Among these, 11 states have enacted legislation pertaining to child care centers, whereas 39 states lack any such regulations. Out of the 39 states that have one or more counties falling under radon zone 1, 28% (n=39) have implemented radon regulations specific to child care facilities. The study findings indicate that states situated entirely or partially within EPA radon zone 1 were 88% more likely to lack regulations mandating radon testing in child care centers, as compared to states not falling within this zone. However, while there is a noticeable association between state radon legislation for child care centers and the percentage of counties in radon zone 1, it is not statistically significant (p-value = 0.12).

Assessment of the Readability and Quality of Online Information for Patients and Their Families Regarding Schizophrenia.

To our knowledge, this is the first study that specifically aims to assess the readability and quality of online information about schizophrenia. The analysis is performed on 93 of 195 websites that appeared in an advanced Google search of the term "schizophrenia" performed on a single day. The websites were categorized as commercial, nonprofit, professional, and government. The websites were evaluated using the Health on the Net Foundation (HON) code certificate, DISCERN tool, and Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ) benchmark criteria for quality and the Flesch Reading Ease Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) Formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and Gunning Fog indices for readability. A total of 21.5% of all websites had a HON code certificate, 50.5% were accepted as high quality ( JAMA score ≥3), and 25.8% reached the recommended readability level (FKGL ≤8). Only three websites scored at a fifth- to sixth-grade reading level. Commercial and government websites had significantly lower DISCERN scores. Commercial websites had significantly lower Flesch Reading Ease Score and FKGL score than nonprofit websites. In conclusion, the current findings indicate that the quality of online information on schizophrenia is generally acceptable, but the readability is insufficient. Website creators, physicians, and health authorities should be more sensitive to the readability of online information about schizophrenia, considering the poor cognitive capacity of the patients and the unique nature of the disease.

Technology married to good governance and diversity: Explaining e-participation preparedness in government

Enabling citizen participation using governmental online platforms, namely, e-participation, has emerged as an innovative mode of open and collaborative governance. Previous studies have emphasized technological conditions to explain the varying availability of e-participation tools on government websites among countries. However, the United Nations' E-Participation Index has identified a mismatch between technological infrastructure development and e-participation preparedness in government. To address this gap, this study used an integrative framework that highlights social and institutional aspects in addition to technological conditions to build a rigorous predictive statistical model. We conducted principal component analysis on five datasets spanning a period of 16 years, covering 181 countries. The results, cross-validated through regression analysis, indicate that good governance dispositions, supported by well-established telecommunication infrastructure, and demographic diversity in terms of race, religion, and language largely predict government behavior in preparing for e-participation. This finding offers valuable insights into the dynamic interaction among government, technology, and society in open governance. This study also provides fresh perspectives for policymakers to consider.

Factors Affecting Internet Financial Reporting Disclosure to Provincial Governments In Indonesia

Internet financial reporting is important because people are now geographically spread across different regions and countries. Disclosure with traditional paper-based methods has the disadvantage of limited time for filing. In the current era of globalization, Indonesian people can live in any region or country, so using internet financial reporting methods for information disclosure is available on the official government website and can be done at any time. This study aims to test or measure the impact of specific changes to existing assumptions or hypotheses, in this study are factors that affect the disclosure of internet financial reporting, where the variables used are the size of local government, regional expenditure, local original income and audit opinions on internet financial reporting in Indonesia. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. Based on the results of research and discussion in this study, the conclusion that can be obtained based on the research variables used is that the size of local government does not affect Internet Financial Reporting which means that the size or size of local government has not been able to encourage local governments to publish financial information on local governments.

Climate-change-induced risk mapping of the Indian Himalayan districts using the latest IPCC framework

Mountain regions worldwide, notably the Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) encompassing the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), face considerable vulnerability to various hazards resulting in human and livestock casualties, financial losses, and damage. The primary objective of this study is to construct a climate-change-induced risk index specifically for the districts within the IHR. The concept of risk herein refers to the composite of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure, aligned with the current framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Utilising the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach, the research integrates indicators to generate indices pertaining to hazard, vulnerability, and exposure across 109 districts in both the Western Indian Himalayan Region (WIHR) and the Eastern Indian Himalayan Region (EIHR). The study relies on secondary data sourced from various openly accessible government reports and websites. Key findings include: (1) The WIHR exhibits a higher overall risk compared to the EIHR. (2) The WIHR demonstrates elevated rankings in hazards and exposure indices. (3) The EIHR exhibits a relatively higher vulnerability index. This paper presents a pioneering contribution to the limited body of literature on risk assessment by offering one of the initial attempts to rank administrative districts pan-IHR based on the latest IPCC criteria. Moreover, the assessment carries significant implications for policymakers, as it is critical to identify the districts vulnerable to climate change and the extent of their vulnerability before addressing climate-induced risk.

Energy inclusiveness intensity among persons with disability: Evidence from an emerging crude oil producing country

Although Ghana has made great strides in ensuring that its citizens have access to energy, evidence of the inclusion of people with disabilities in policy contexts offers a chance to examine other crucial but less well-known factors that influence energy accessibility. Due to this, a thorough search and scoping evaluation of energy policies/reports from the websites of the Ghanaian government and other relevant sources was carried out. The Energy Policies/reports were chosen and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria for scoping reviews. The framework for policy assessment and policy creation was used for the content analysis. The analysis included seven policies and reports with a total of 13 indicators. Although different institutions and organizations worked together to establish and implement these policies and reports, the level of inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and issues linked to them was relatively low. Only one of the seven (14%) policies/reports examined took PWDs into account. This was due to a limited definition of disability, which shows a low level of inclusion. It is advised that ensuing energy policies/reports should incorporate extensive involvement and participation of PWDs from the conceptual design stage through to implementation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, the United Nations Convention on the Right of Persons with Disabilities, and the Disability Act 715 of Ghana.

A Review on Special Education in India

As per Article 21A, which mandates free and compulsory for all children from the age group of six to fourteen years, education is considered a fundamental right in India (RTE, 2009). The significance of education for Children with Special Needs (CWSN) has equal significance to that of normal counterpart. Even so, CWSN are substantially far prone miss school than Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes children (Singal, 2009). In addition, even in cases where disabled children attend school, they never advance above the primary level, which leads toa reduced likelihood of finding a job and prolonged financial hardship (World Bank, 2007). The journey from Viklang(non-functional body parts) to Divyangjan (divine body parts) and segregation to inclusion was ambiguous, challenging, and full of obstacles. Various programs and policies have been implemented and enacted since post-independence; these programs act in the interest of CWSN. The researcher has collected data from a pool of sources, including but not limited to journal articles, government websites, newspapers, reports and documents, national education plans, etc. This paper analyses and highlights the idea, evolution, guiding principles, application, advantages, challenges, tactics for putting into practice, current laws, and prospects for special education in India. TheIndian government endeavored to support CWSN welfare by offering social, educational, and rehabilitation services.

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s Law on the Elimination of Reactionary Thought and Culture Under Kim Jong-Un’s Leadership

This study aims to explain how Korean Wave, or Hallyu, influenced the enactment of theElimination of Reactionary Thoughts and Culture Laws in North Korea. To answer the ques-tions, this research used securitization theory and a qualitative descriptive method. The re-search combined several sources of literature, such as journals, books, the official website of the South Korean government, and several official reports from online media in East Asia. The results of the research show that the Law on the Elimination of Reactionary Thoughts and Culture, which was passed by the North Korean government, was caused by the negative assumptions made by the leader of the country about the spread of Hallyu or Korean Wave in his country. The various distributions of South Korean cultural content are viewed as a "threat" to the continuity of North Korean ideology. Meanwhile, South Korean cultural products have inevitably spread rapidly and massively in almost all parts of the world. Therefore, the North Korean government needs laws with legal force and ideological campaigns to prevent public disturbances caused by foreign cultural influences, especially those from South Korea.

Analisis Aksesibilitas Website Pemerintah Provinsi di Indonesia Menggunakan Pedoman Web Content Accessible Guidelines 2.0

Web accessibility is people with disabilities to be able to use, navigate, and interact with the website. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has provided important guidelines about web accessibility known as the Web Content Accessible Guidelines (WCAG). Indonesian government encourages the use of new media through Presidential Instruction Number 3 of 2003 concerning National Policies and Strategies for e-Government Development which mandates every state institution to build websites. Therefore in this study, an evaluation analysis was carried out on the website of Indonesia Provincial Government by using two accessibility evaluation automation tools namely TAW and aXe. This research presents the main problems found from all provincial government websites based on problems, warnings, and success criteria. With the TAW tool, the highest number of problems found in the Perceivable principle section, which amounts to 6490. And the provincial government sites that have the most accessibility issues based on the TAW tool are East Nusa Tenggara and Riau, while for the aXe tool are Yogyakarta and West Borneo.

Medicaid Reimbursement for Community Health Workers: A Comparative State Policy Analysis with Implications for Indiana

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) promote health education, address social determinants of health, and bridge the gap between healthcare systems and underserved populations, but the lack of sustainable funding remains a challenge to greater CHW utilization. Medicaid reimbursement has been identified as a promising mechanism to fund CHWs, however, state policies vary widely. A comparative policy analysis can guide future reimbursement strategies. Methods: We conducted a comparative policy analysis of Medicaid reimbursement for CHWs. State government websites and legal databases were searched utilizing keyword search terms related to CHWs and Medicaid reimbursement. We identified and analyzed relevant statutes, regulations, and administrative codes for reimbursement mechanism, rates, supervision, certification, and scope of practice. Results: 26 states currently reimburse CHWs through Medicaid; 3 states started reimbursement in the last six months. 16 states authorize payment through State Plan Amendments (SPAs), 3 use Section 1115 demonstration waivers, 10 use Medicaid managed care organization contracts, and 4 use blended strategies. 13 states require certification and supervision for reimbursement, although the supervising licensed professional can vary. The scope of practice of CHW also varies between states. There is a large range for reimbursement rates; for example, billing code 98960 currently used by 14 states varies from $9.70 in Indiana to $55.25 in Arizona for a 30 minute visit. Policy Implications: This study can inform sustainable reimbursement models through Medicaid for CHWs in Indiana and other states. An SPA may be the most expedient way for Indiana to increase reimbursement for CHWs, but its narrowness and inflexibility could hinder CHWs' positive impact. The variety of strategies currently in use demonstrates that there is no single path to sustainable financing. Protocols for a set of scoping reviews will result from this comparative analysis for more in-depth investigations of key peer-reviewed and grey literature.

Perancangan Arsitektur Teknologi Informasi di Dinas KOMINFO Kabupaten Semarang Menggunakan Enterprise Architecture Planning

Department of communication and Information Technology (KOMINFO) Semarang requires the design of appropriate information technology architecture in order to perform its function as a government institution that is able to provide excellent service to the community. Therefore, the application of Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) as an Information Technology Architecture Design methodology was chosen to make it easier to design the right information technology architecture.This study aims to design the architecture of Information Technology in the Department of communication and information Semarang using EAP methodology. The research methodology used in the form of literature studies and direct observation in the field to collect information about infrastructure, applications, and data available at the Semarang district communication and Information Office.The results of this study are several implementation plans that need to be done, such as hardware and software updates,human resources training,Local Government Application Development, Local Government Network Development, E Office and Website Development. Each domain has components that are interrelated and grouped into subdomains, making it easier to manage. The design of this information technology architecture can help the Semarang district communication and Information Office in improving the current information system and improving its performance in providing services to the community.

The Importance of Empowering and Educating Girl Child in India

This research paper aims to comprehend the value of girls' education in India for their empowerment. Indian society is witnessing a patriarchal society where all the important power is vested in the hands of the male. The problem of the study is that inadequate education for girls and women, results in low self-worth, uncertainty, and a lack of trust in the country's future and we cannot say the nation is developed until and unless the Girls are empowered. But regrettably, some obstacles prevent young girls from being empowered. In this paper, various legal provision for education is also highlighted. This research is purely based on qualitative research and data for research is based on secondary data viz., authentic government reports, websites, books, and journals. In this study, an attempt is made to point out gender discrimination, female education, and the reason dropout of girls from school. In light of this, it was determined that education may catalyze awareness, equity, and equality for women and girls in their revolutionary process of empowerment and the long-term sustainable development of a nation. The findings of the study are that as we compared all the states, not a single state witnessed a higher or equal literacy rate concerning girls, it is always lower than boys. The highest rate of girl dropout in India in I- IV Meghalaya has the highest rate of female dropouts with 60.6 then Jharkhand and Bihar with rates of 43.2 and 30.7 respectively. The study further suggests a few measures to ensure holistic female education to empower them including both the economic and societal development of women.