Quality Of Water Supply Research Articles

Choice of an Irrigation Method for Maize Cultivation in a Local Productive Arrangement Using the SAPEVO-M Method

Corn crops can be irrigated using surface irrigation methods (furrows, horizontal pots, strips), as well as fixed or mobile sprinklers under canopy and localized irrigation (drip and micro sprinklers). The selection of the most appropriate irrigation method and system for a particular situation depends on an assessment of the available physical resources, such as water supply (quantity, quality and location), soil properties (texture, structure, depth, salinity, drainage, topography, erodibility) and plant climate systems, in which the adaptability of crops to the climatic conditions of each site must be taken into account. In this sense, the objective of this work is to select an irrigation method for a corn plantation in a Local Productive Arrangement (LPA). For this study, six irrigation methods were pre-selected as alternatives, and seven pre-established comparison criteria were unstructured interviews with stakeholders. The solution of the problem was carried out using the Multicriteria Decision Analysis model Simple Aggregation of Preferences Expressed by Ordinal Vectors – Multi Decision Makers (SAPEVO-M). After modeling the problem with the decision-makers, the method indicated the drip irrigation system as the best alternative.

Health Effects of Consuming Artesian Water Supplied through the Centralized Distribution Network in the Population of Arid Areas of the Saratov Region

Introduction: Statistics show that over 11 million Russians use untreated tap water noncompliant with safety standards. Consumption of such water may have adverse human health effects and pose risks of various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumption of artesian tap water sourced from centrally operated water supply systems in arid areas of the Saratov Region and the prevalence of cardiovascular, urogenital, and digestive diseases in the local population. Materials and methods: We examined 127 artesian water samples collected from the centralized water supply systems in three arid areas of the Saratov Region in 2008–2022. The water quality was tested by atomic absorption spectrometry, photoelectric photometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis. Data on the residents receiving follow-up care for genitourinary, digestive, and circulatory diseases were obtained from the Saratov Medical Information and Analytical Center. The Statistica 10 software was used for data analysis. Results: We observed high levels of total hardness (24 ± 3 mg-equiv./L), alkalinity (7.5 ± 0.2 units), total mineralization (2,454 ± 546 mg/L), nitrate salts (99 ± 23 mg/L), chlorides (1,610 ± 462 mg/L), sulfates (753 ± 64 mg/L), as well as ions of manganese (up to 11 MPC), magnesium (up to 8.8 MPC), and iron (up to 10.83 MPC) in artesian water samples tested showing noncompliance with tap water quality requirements. We also established that daily calcium intake with tap water (1,403.5 ± 199.5 mg/day) exceeded the recommended one. We established a strong correlation (r = 0.931, r2 = 0.867, p < 0.001) between the mean daily consumption of non-conforming artesian tap water (1.4 ± 0.01 L/day in the Fedorovsky district, 0.7 ± 0.01 L/day in the Novouzensky district, and 0.1 ± 0.01 L/day in the Alexandrovo-Gaysky district) and the proportion of residents of the arid areas of the Saratov Region followed up for diseases of the genitourinary system (1,266 ± 64.3, 1,691.4 ± 107.8, and 758.4 ± 18.1, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings show the necessity of improving measures aimed at raising the quality of water supply in arid areas, including the development of additional measures for preliminary water treatment, and importance of tap water quality control for prevention of adverse health outcomes related to chronic exposure to waterborne chemicals.

The impact of climate on the quality of water in Hilla, Iraq

Climate change impacts the quality of water supplies in Hilla City. Studying and analyzing raw water's annual average of nine chemical and physical characteristics before treating it in the unified Hilla Water Project for 2016 and 2023. It was found that there was a change in the annual average of all physical and chemical property values during the past years (Temperature=+2, Ph=-0.28 EC=+425,Alk=+19,T.H+121,Ca=+40,Mg=+5,Cl=+58, So4=+95, TDS=+231, Na=+72), and as a result of this change there was also a change in the treated water (Temperature=+2, Ph=-0.37 EC=+535, Alk= +22, T.H+122, Ca=+40, Mg=+6, Cl=+62, So4=+80, TDS=+238, Na =+72), and due to this change, there was an increase in their average values Annual intake of 4 drugs (EC=1478,T= 505, Ca=128,TDS=918) exceeded the permissible limit according to WHO (1000 mg/L,500 mg/L,75 mg/L,and 500 mg/L ), respectively. This is due to the high values of these elements in the raw water from the Euphrates River.

Identification of environmentally sustainable and acceptable solutions to ensure quality water supply in Mykolaiv

Identification of environmentally sustainable and acceptable solutions to ensure quality water supply in Mykolaiv

Global water quality indices: Development, implications, and limitations

Water quality index is crucial for improving water quality and clean water supply to achieve sustainable development goals directly related to water, agriculture, biodiversity, health, and climate actions. Water quality index examines the vital relationship between water supply and demand, focusing on the critical role that water quality (WQ) plays in sustainable development and integrated environmental management. This study evaluates the methodology and limitations of several studies by doing a thorough examination of regional and global WQ indices and synthesizing the results. Water Quality Indices (WQIs) have been used to measure WQ since the 1960s, offering a mechanism for changes in WQ at specific needs and environmental challenges. This review study assesses overall water quality using global and regional WQ indexes based on several studies and aims to provide a detailed analysis of various WQIs utilized across the globe. The WQIs stated WQ measurements into a single number, which are categorized as poor, marginal, fair, excellent, and exceptional, to depict changes clearly and understandably in WQ. However, region-specific WQIs are required due to the variety of standards established by national and international organizations, as well as different pollution prevention elements. Thus, there is continual interest in developing exact WQIs suitable for a region or geographic area. Still, structured and in-depth literature analysis is required to examine current WQIs to research, evaluate, and highlight the drawbacks of various methodologies employed in each development phase. This review offers insightful information for researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners tackling the ever-changing problems of water quality in the interest of sustainable water resource management. The debate concentrates on various WQI-related topics, such as how multiple WQIs have evolved, what variables define their parameter requirements, what restrictions WQIs have, how widely WQIs are used, and what benefits WQIs have over one another regarding worldwide applicability.

THE ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISES OF THE WATER-SEWAGE MANAGEMENTS

In modern conditions, in order to ensure their own independence, enterprises of any industry are forced to constantly monitor and increase the socio-ecologo-economic efficiency of their activities. With particular acuteness, this issue is faced by communal enterprises of the water-sewage management, which is connected both with the specificity of the form of ownership and with the external regulation of activity as a subject of natural monopolies. The main purpose of the activity of the basic typical representative of the industry – is to provide services water supply and drainage, as well as the transportation of drinking water and wastewater, their treatment at the city's treatment facilities. The work examines the problem of researching the directions of development of enterprises water-sewage management, in particular the ecological component of their activity, related to the operation of treatment facilities and equipment in the process of water supply and drainage. Is analyzed the structure of the main cost elements that make up the basis of the production cost of water drainage services. The researching dynamics of historical changes in the most significant elements of expenses (which include energy-intensive elements): electricity and fuel and lubricants. Are separately examines the dynamics of historical changes in the cost of environmental costs, i.e. reagents used in the process of water purification and disinfection. A significant increase in the cost of certain elements serves as a basis for increasing tariff rates for services water supply and drainage. Measures are proposed to improve the water purification process and reduce the cost of water drainage services of the enterprise water-sewage management. Improving the quality of services water supply and drainage, in relation to drinking water and wastewater treatment, the use of the latest more efficient technologies and equipment solve ecological tasks, the efficiency of which depends not only on the improvement of the city, but also on the normal life of the population and the safe operation of industrial enterprises.

Availability of fresh water in cold climate regions

Challenges related to the availability of fresh water in cold climate regions are discussed with emphasis on possible degradation of the quality of drinking water. The permafrost in this region has been consistent in making sure there is little drainage in the ground. This is important, as fresh water is mainly supplied through melting water from snow and ice in the many winter months. Climate change and warmer weather plays a role in heating up the permafrost and increasing the rate of the melting snow. This has an impact on both the amount of water and potentially the drinking quality. In certain cold region areas, fresh water sources are located not far from the shore. With increased shorline erosion due to warming climate, the fresh water supply is in danger of being contaminated by salt water during large storm events. Furthermore, human activities such as road transport and sewage contamination do also have a significant impact on the water’s quality. A bowtie diagram will be used to illustrate the different risk factors and suggestions on how to maintain the quality of fresh water supplies in cold climate areas. The primary focus areas will be Isdammen, near Longyearbyen on Svalbard and Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska.

Environmental Performance of the Stormpav Permeable Pavement Using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

Urban stormwater runoff is contaminated with a variety of pollutants, including total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP), as a result of non-source pollution from transportation, residences, and businesses, as well as sediment from human activities and construction sites. These pollutants are expected to degrade the water quality in local rivers and streams, impairing the quality of marine life and contaminating drinking water supplies. This study evaluates the environmental performance of a permeable pavement system in an urban catchment using the stormwater management model (SWMM). Two pavement systems with different hydraulic designs were compared to reduce runoff, increment of groundwater storage and the environmental parameters assessments on total suspended solids (TSS) and Total Phosphorus (TP). The first system comprises a StormPav, which is the UNIMAS innovated green pavement with subsurface hollow cylindrical micro-detention pond storage of about 70% void content. The second system consists of porous concrete (PC) pavement assembled in a layered of coarse and fine particles to ensure water can infiltrate through, with about 40% void content. The environmental impact assessment was applied at Padungan Commercial Centre in the Kuching City of Malaysia. The case study simulated in low impact development (LID) sub-catchment in SWMM to obtain the runoff, infiltration and environmental quality performance. In the assessment, it was found that, for both pavement systems, higher stormsat shorter duration resulted in higher reduction efficiency. The StormPav is more effective in reducing runoff, while presenting a lower value for environmental assessments in removing TSS and TP compared to PC.

The Planning & Designing of Urban Building Water Supply and Drainage Engineering in AI Era

Abstract To explore how to improve the quality of urban building water supply and drainage engineering and further promote the economic construction of urban buildings, this paper combines artificial intelligence with water supply and drainage engineering of urban buildings. A detailed analysis of water supply and drainage engineering is unfolded, and the combination of BP neural network algorithm and particle swarm algorithm is used to improve the convergence accuracy of the algorithm and network generalization ability to optimize the BP neural network algorithm and construct the artificial intelligence algorithm model. Through experiments in the artificial intelligence algorithm model, the actual output quality parameter is 82, and the difference with the desired output quality parameter of 81 is 1, while in the ordinary design, the actual output quality parameter is 70, and the difference with the desired output quality parameter is 11, get in the artificial intelligence model the desired output and the expected output close. It shows that combining artificial intelligence with urban building water supply and drainage engineering can improve the quality of the project, which is more accurate and superior to the ordinary design and reduce the project cost.

Systems analysis of metropolitan-scale reuse with effects on water supply resilience and water quality

ABSTRACT Water reuse with Advanced Water Treatment (AWT) is increasingly appealing for urban areas seeking water supply reliability. In cities facing water scarcity, how can large-scale reuse support reliability and how do reuse operations affect water quality, energy use, and water conservation? This paper presents a systems analysis of metropolitan-scale water reuse and its effects on water supply and quality. For the case study of Los Angeles County, California, USA, hydroeconomic modeling is used to evaluate reuse as a contributor to water supply given urban water conservation, drought-induced water scarcity, and costs and benefits for supply and demand. Results indicate that AWT can be a viable source of supply especially when coupled with conservation. Across modeled scenarios, reuse provides as much as 30% of regional supplies. New water reuse with AWT becomes viable when imported water availability is 50% or less of historic values. Existing indirect potable reuse operations in the county remain important. Systemwide energy intensity of operations increases with greater reuse in the absence of water conservation. Modeled influent flow rates to wastewater treatment plants resemble historical values, but extreme flow events could pose risks. The paper offers a holistic framework to evaluate water reuse as a component of urban water management.

Health Impact of Drinking Water Quality on the Occurrence of Osteoporosis in Gaza Strip, Palestine.

Improving water supply quality could be essential for disease prevention strategy that promotes human health. The study aims to investigate the relationship between drinking water quality and the occurrence of osteoporosis in Gaza Strip. A case-control study design was used, and a multistage sampling method was employed at the main orthopedic clinic. Participants included 200 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and 200 without osteoporosis. All subjects underwent a DEXA scan, and drinking water samples for chemical analysis were done. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and binary logistic regression) were used. Factors such as the source of drinking and cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status were found important in the occurrence of osteoporosis. The source of drinking, cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic played a significant impact in the development of osteoporosis. Bivariate analysis revealed that a number of factors, including female gender, low physical activity, older age (41-50), inadequate education, drinking and cooking water source, and older age (41-50), had a statistically significant association with osteoporosis. With the exception of Mg (>PH =.105, Ca =.102, Mg =.046), the chemical water quality parameter had an impact on the occurrence of osteoporosis but did not achieve a significant difference. Osteoporosis was less likely to occur in people who were obese. Age, obesity, and the lack of magnesium in drinking water were independent predictors of osteoporosis. The study has identified the need for preventive measures to improve drinking water quality to reduce the incidence of various health conditions, including osteoporosis.

Optimization of tropical rainforest ecosystem management: implications from the responses of ecosystem service values to landscape pattern changes in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China, over the past 40 years

Exploring the comprehensive impact of landscape pattern changes on regional ecosystem service values (ESVs) over a long time series is significant for optimizing ecosystem management. This study took Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (HTRNP) as a case and first assessed its five vital ecosystem services (ESs): water supply (WS), water purification (WP), carbon storage (CS), soil retention (SR), and habitat quality (HQ). Based on the ESs assessment results, we further calculated their ESVs and quantified the responses of ESVs to landscape pattern changes during 1980–2020. The results revealed that: (1) Forestland is the basal landscape type of HTRNP. Landscape patterns changed significantly after 2000; the proportion of both cultivated land and grassland decreased, while the proportion of forestland, water, and construction land increased; with the areas and landscape dominance of both forestland and water increased, the agglomeration and connectivity of the overall landscape increased and its homogenization decreased. (2) WS, WP, CS, and SR services tended to weaken, and HQ service tended to strengthen. The spatial heterogeneities of WS and SR changed significantly over time. WS, HQ, SR, and CS are the main contributors to the total ESV. During 1980–2020, the four ESVs of WS, WP, SR, and CS showed a decreasing trend; HQ’s ESV tended to increase, and the total ESV tended to decrease. (3) The increase of areas and dominance in forestland and water was the main reason that HQ’s ESV tended to increase, and WP’s ESV and CS’s ESV tended to decrease. The construction land scale was relatively small, so its impacts on ESVs were limited. The responses of both WS’s ESV and SR’s ESV to landscape pattern changes were insignificant due to the impacts of topographic and climatic factors. The study results provide a reference for managing and optimizing HTRNP’s ecosystem to improve its integrated benefits of crucial ESs.

Emergency Preparedness: Strategies for Maintaining Water Supply Quality and Access for Sterile Processing.

Sterile processing department (SPD) technicians are responsible for providing properly reprocessed surgical instruments for procedures. They use utility (ie, tap) water for precleaning, cleaning, and disinfection; and critical (ie, treated to remove impurities) water for the final rinse and steam sterilization. Water maintenance personnel should work with SPD personnel to ensure that the facility's water supply meets the quality parameters for hardness, pH, conductivity, chlorides, bacteria, and endotoxins. Inadequate water quality and quantity can affect SPD technicians' ability to reprocess instruments correctly and may result in pathogen transmission. When water quality concerns arise, SPD personnel should notify perioperative personnel. Health care facilities should have a water management program to address both normal and abnormal water operations and an emergency water supply plan. Pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and natural disasters may disrupt water supplies. Proactive planning for water shortages should help facility leaders respond quickly and effectively when shortages occur.

Assessment of Drinking Water Quality using the SPSS Method

For humans, water is a vital component of survival. It is the main source for supplying home, agricultural, and commercial water needs. In the studied area Due to excessive use of ground water Due to insufficient filling Ground water quality has deteriorated. The overall health and life expectancy of the populace in many developing nations are being negatively impacted by the lack of access to safe drinking water. Because of the increased exploitation by humans, the quality of the world's water supplies is declining. The lithological and geochemical makeup of the rocks, as well as different hydrodynamic parameters, all affect the natural groundwater quality. Agriculture, industry and household sectors Growing needs are largely fulfilled by ground water sources. In certain quantities, Salt, chloride, iron, manganese etc. Natural chemicals for public health Not harmful, but they are drinking water Can affect quality. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Requirements' (BIS) drinking water standards were compared to the groundwater's physicochemical properties in the research region to determine if the water was suitable for human use (BIS)

Assessment of Bacteriological Quality and Physiochemical Parameters of Domestic Water Sources in Jenin Governorate: A Case Study.

Water quality of drinking water is a concern in Palestine due to possible pollution sources. There is a demand for investigating the quality of municipal water supply. This study aimed to assess the quality of domestic water in Jenin Governorate located in the north of the West Bank. The methodology of this research was based on field sampling and laboratory standard testing. The tested parameters included (1) physicochemical parameters of electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, salinity, pH, and total alkalinity, (2) chemical contents including the contents of nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and fluoride, and (3) biological contents including total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The water quality parameters were compared with the acceptable limits set by local and international standards. The findings confirm that most of the values of the investigated parameters are within the acceptable standard limits. No pollution of heavy metals is detectable. On the other hand, there are limited pollution contents in terms of the total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness, and calcium. Furthermore, the biological parameters indicate that there are low to very high risks in a fraction of the water quality samples in terms of total coliforms and fecal coliforms. This is believed to be due to the presence of septic tanks in the neighborhoods of the sampling locations. For these cases, biological disinfection treatments are recommended before human use with an essential need for the construction of urban sewer systems. Furthermore, water treatment for harness removal may be required.

The Business Model as a technique for problem identification and scoping: a case study of Brazilian drinking water quality assessment sector

Abstract In this case study, a Business Model Canvas (BMC) was used as a technique for problem identification and scoping for the introduction of a new technology or methodology for water quality assessment. Therefore, information about the Brazilian water supply sector was used for the application of a BMC based on technological innovations for coliform analysis. The innovations proposed in the study include faster results, internet connection, and portability. To populate the model, data regarding the drinking water quality from Brazil were used from public data banks and reports. Also, a group of accountable representatives from diverse water supply systems and water quality laboratories reported their experience with the new coliform analysis and their perception of its technological improvement. The major gaps identified in this study were simplicity and faster results. These may be associated with technological improvements such as portability and internet connection. It was possible to conclude that the segment is diverse, and the BMC highlighted that value might differ for different niches. The results emphasized that the application of a BMC may be more than a business tool. It can also be used by developers or scientists to understand and improve both technology concepts and applications.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЕКТА ПЛАНИРОВКИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЛИНЕЙНОГО ОБЪЕКТА СИСТЕМЫ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ЗАМАРАЙСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД С ЦЕЛЬЮ БЕЗОПАСНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

Issues of quality water supply are always relevant, because water is the source of life on Earth. The article deals with the design of linear water supply systems and identifies the main problems of their functioning. The authors present the results of studies of the projected reserve water pipeline from the Zamarayskoye groundwater deposit to the pumping stations in the Serovsky urban district. It is found that the preparation of urban planning documentation is currently an important condition for the safe development of the territory. The purpose of such documentation is to form the boundaries of land for the placement of new engineering networks, in particular the water supply system. Safe water use is one of the main aspects of social state policy.

Behavior of household water consumption in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Populations have changed their habits and consumption as a result of COVID-19. In the case of Mexico City, this situation has possibly led households to purchase more products such as bottled water and to consume the same amount or less tap water. This behavior was confirmed by analyzing tap water consumption data before and during the arrival of COVID-19 using Pearson chi-square, and by conducting a survey of bottled and tap water consumption and analyzing that data with a bivariate econometric model. It was found to be related to the perception of poor-quality service. Consequently, tap water consumption will not always increase when health emergencies such as COVID-19 occur, but rather, this will depend on other environmental variables. Therefore, public water policies should be aimed at offering and ensuring a continuous supply of good quality water, as well as providing clear and objective information to prevent this type of behavior

Public-private partnership water supply project in Indonesia

Water supply system management for providing proper services to the community is a challenge for the Government of Indonesia. The Indonesian government through the Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) scheme involves the role of the private sector for decent, quality, and cost-effective water supply system infrastructure. This study aims to describe problems faced by the Regional water supply system PPP project initiated by business entities (unsolicited) in Indonesia. Also, describes the application of Critical Success Factors as a problem-solving strategy in the implementation of the water supply system PPP project. To express this, This research uses a case study qualitative method involving Government Contracting Agency (GCA) informants from the Ministry of X. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation studies. It was found that in this case, the water supply PPP project has gone through the stages of PPP agreement signing which still faced problems in land provision, the certainty of raw water sources, inflation, tariff setting, and downstream infrastructure development. GCA seeks to resolve the problem with intensive coordination between related parties, financial and non-financial compensation, alternative sources of raw water, and support from the GCA Budget for downstream development.

Water quality in rural Greenland - acceptability and safety

The low proportion of households with piped drinking water in Greenlandic settlements – and elsewhere in the Arctic, leads to improvised methods of household water storage and water saving practices that could present a risk for public health.This interview-based study investigated the perceptions of safety and acceptability of the water supply in rural Greenlandic households. The bacterial quality of the water distributed by the public supply before and after storage in the homes, of alternative water sourced from nature by the users themselves, and of shared handwash basins used in un-piped homes, was analyzed.The treated water distributed by the rural Greenlandic water supply was acceptable to most users, although half of them expressed concerns about its quality, and distrusted the state of the infrastructure delivering piped water. For drinking, most respondents preferred untreated water from nature, but a majority used mainly piped water for practical reasons of access. The microbial quality of the public water supply met legislative requirements in most cases, but was found to deteriorate during both distribution to some taps, and storage in the homes, which constitutes a challenge to the reliable provision of safe water to users. Water from alternative sources showed slightly higher heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) than piped water, but no Escherichia coli. As for washbasins, they were found to have high levels of contamination in all three bacterial parameters investigated (HPC, coliforms and E. coli), indicating a possible transmission route for pathogens.In conclusion, while the quality of treated water was overall good at distribution, the water saving and storage practices developed to compensate for the lack of piping may threaten public health. Alternative water sources are culturally important and trusted by users, although the possible impact of changes in climate and land use on the reliability of their quality is unknown.