Water-based Binder Research Articles

Influence of Transition-Metal Order of Lnmo Spinel on Li Ion Diffusion and Thermodynamics of LNMO

A key strategy to enhance the energy density and improve the sustainability of cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is to develop more cost-effective, cobalt-free, higher-energy-density alternatives. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel phase is a promising cathode active material for LIBs as it is Co-free chemistry and exhibits a high specific energy density of 650 Wh/kg, which is attributed to its high operating voltage of approximately 4.7 V vs. Li+/Li. LNMO exists in two phases depending on the ordering of transition metals (TM) in the crystal lattice. In the disordered phase, Ni and Mn ions are randomly distributed on the 16d sites of the Fd3̅m cubic unit cell, whereas in the ordered phase, the Ni and Mn atoms occupy the 4b and 12d sites of the P4332 cubic cell, respectively. In this work, a commercially available, disordered LNMO sample was used as the starting point of the investigations. To initiate the ordering of the Ni and Mn ions, the disordered LNMO was subjected to heat-treatment at 650°C in air. The impact of transition metal (TM) ordering on fundamental parameters such as the unit cell size, electrode expansion, and Li-ion diffusion coefficients at different states of charge were explored using in-operando x-ray diffraction (XRD), in-situ dilatometry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The electrodes for these studies were prepared using both PVDF and water-based binders in order to gain key insights into the effect of aqueous electrode processing on the Li+-ion transport parameters, interface resistances, and electrode expansion during cycling.Furthermore, a thermodynamic dataset containing the Gibbs free energy description of the LNMO phase was used to calculate the open circuit voltages and lattice parameters of crystalline LNMO as a function of state of charge and Ni and Mn contents in LNMO. The results of the calculations were compared to those from our experimental investigations to assess the predictive quality of the thermodynamic simulations. Our results show a good agreement between the calculated and quasi-equilibrium open circuit voltages measured by GITT and during cycling. In addition, the experimentally determined volume change of the crystal lattice during intercalation and de-intercalation of Li, as measured by in-operando XRD, was well reproduced by the thermodynamic simulation. Therefore, the second aspect of this work, focused on the thermodynamics of LNMO, shows that Gibbs free energy descriptions of cathode active materials can be used to model and assess their electrochemical performance and structural behaviour during cycling.

Effects of particle size, binder wettability, and sintering atmosphere on the microstructural and mechanical properties of binder jetted 18Ni300 alloy

A fully dense 18Ni300 mold steel was firstly prepared by the binder jetting (BJ) process. We developed a water-based binder characterized by its low viscosity, which significantly enhanced the penetration of binder into the fine powder layer. This process resulted in a deep, narrow cross-section due to reduced flow resistance, leading to strong inter-layer bonding and high surface quality of the green part. The densification behavior of 18Ni300 BJ green parts with different particle sizes was meticulously analyzed. A remarkable tensile property of YS = 783 MPa, UTS = 1012 MPa and EL = 8.8% were obtained in sintered 18Ni300 alloy with fine powder under 1460 °C and 50 mTorr vacuum. Building on thermodynamic theory, we introduced a novel criterion to assess the oxidation reactions in 18Ni300 parts fabricated by the BJ method during sintering under different atmospheric conditions.

Enhancing performance of Si/C composite anode in high energy density lithium-ion batteries with CMC-CPAM-SBR binder

Abstract The utilization of polymeric binders is indispensable in the implementation of silicon/carbon anode materials in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This necessity arises from their pivotal function in upholding structural integrity. However, current water-based binders solely focus on binder adhesion, neglecting the crucial interaction with the carbon material. In this work, a composite binder (CMC-CPAM-SBR) was constructed by combining Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) network binder with self-healing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This innovative binder formulation was designed to enhance the performance of Si@C/graphite composite anodes. A capacity retention rate of 92.86% was achieved after 100 cycles, which represents the improvement over the performance of electrodes utilizing the CMC-CPAM binder, which only retained a capacity of 84.53% after the same number of cycles. A full battery with a capacity of 1992.8 mAh was designed, and the battery capacity remained at 80.6% of its capacity after completing 500 cycles. This research presents an effective technique for manufacturing high-performance anode materials.

Improvement of Hydrogen-Resistant Gas Turbine Engine Blades: Single-Crystal Superalloy Manufacturing Technology.

This paper presents the results of an analysis of resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and offers solutions and technologies for manufacturing castings of components for critical applications, such as blades for gas turbine engines (GTEs). The values of the technological parameters for directional crystallization (DC) are determined, allowing the production of castings with a regular dendritic structure of the crystallization front in the range of 10 to 12 mm/min and a temperature gradient at the crystallization front in the range of 165-175 °C/cm. The technological process of making GTE blades has been improved by using a scheme for obtaining disposable models of complex profile castings with the use of 3D printing for the manufacture of ceramic molds. The ceramic mold is obtained through an environmentally friendly technology using water-based binders. Short-term tensile testing of the samples in gaseous hydrogen revealed high hydrogen resistance of the CM-88 alloy produced by directed crystallization technology: the relative elongation in hydrogen at a pressure of 30 MPa increased from 2% for the commercial alloy to 8% for the experimental single-crystal alloy.

Influence of Transition-Metal Order of LNMO Spinel on the Li Ion Diffusion

Cathode materials contribute a substantial portion to the weight, cost, and environmentally sustainability of LIBs. A key strategy to enhance energy density at reduced cost and improved sustainability is to develop more cost-effective, cobalt-free, higher-energy-density alternatives. Among the Co-free electrode cathode chemistries, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel stands out as most promising. It exhibits a high specific energy density of 650 Wh/kg, attributed to its elevated operating voltage of approximately 4.7 V vs. Li+/Li. Furthermore, LNMO is more thermally stable than NMC and has high ionic conductivity. However, LNMO suffers from rapid capacity decay leading to short battery life, and high-voltage electrolytes that are resistant to decomposition at the higher operating voltages are required.LNMO forms two phases depending on the ordering of transition metals (TM). In the disordered phase, Ni and Mn ions are randomly distributed on the 16d sites of the Fd3̅m cubic unit cell, whereas in the ordered phase, the which Ni and Mn atoms occupy 4b sites and 12d sites of the P4332 cubic cell, respectively. In this work, the impact of TM ordering on fundamental parameters such as the unit cell size, electrode expansion, and Li-ion diffusion coefficients at different states of charge were explored using techniques such as in-operando x-ray diffraction, in-situ dilatometry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrodes for these studies were prepared using both PVDF and water-based binders such as CMC in order to gain key insights into the effect of aqueous electrode processing on the Li+-ion transport parameters, interface resistances, and electrode expansion during cycling.

Calibration and validation of a phase-field model of brittle fracture within the damage mechanics challenge

In the context of the Damage Mechanics Challenge, we adopt a phase-field model of brittle fracture to blindly predict the behavior up to failure of a notched three-point-bending specimen loaded under mixed-mode conditions. The beam is additively manufactured using a geo-architected gypsum based on the combination of bassanite and a water-based binder. The calibration of the material parameters involved in the model is based on a set of available independent experimental tests and on a two-stage procedure. In the first stage an estimate of most of the elastic parameters is obtained, whereas the remaining parameters are optimized in the second stage to minimize the discrepancy between the numerical predictions and a set of experimental results on notched three-point-bending beams. The good agreement between numerical predictions and experimental results in terms of load–displacement curves and crack paths demonstrates the predictive ability of the model and the reliability of the calibration procedure.

Direct synthesis of a lithium carboxymethyl cellulose binder using wood dissolving pulp for high-performance LiFePO4 cathodes in lithium-ion batteries

Lithium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Li) is a promising novel water-based binder for lithium-ion batteries. The direct synthesis of CMC-Li was innovatively developed using abundant wood dissolving pulp materials from hardwood (HW) and softwood (SW). The resulting CMC-Li-HW and CMC-Li-SW binders possessed a suitable degree of substitutions and excellent molecular weight distributions with an appropriate quantity of long- and short-chain celluloses, which facilitated the construction of a reinforced concrete-like bonding system. When used as cathode binders in LiFePO4 batteries, they uniformly coated and dispersed the electrode materials, formed a compact and stable conductive network with high mechanical strength and showed sufficient lithium replenishment. The prepared LiFePO4 batteries exhibited good mechanical stability, low charge transfer impedance, high initial discharge capacity (∼180 mAh/g), high initial Coulombic efficiency (99 %), excellent cycling performance (<3% loss over 200 cycles) and good rate capability, thereby outperforming CMC-Na and the widely used cathode binder polyvinylidene fluoride.

Consolidating the Vulnerable Interphase of Ni-Rich Layered Cathode by Multifunctional Water-Based Binder

Consolidating the Vulnerable Interphase of Ni-Rich Layered Cathode by Multifunctional Water-Based Binder

Sustainable Green Route for Activated Carbon Synthesis from Biomass Waste for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors are high-power energy storage devices due to their charge storage capability and long cyclic stability. These devices rely on highly porous materials for electrodes providing a substantial surface area per mass, such as highly porous carbon. Developing high-performance porous carbon from biomass wastes such as waste-activated sludge and spent coffee is a sustainable way to reduce adverse environmental effects, contributing toward a carbon circular economy. In this study, hierarchically porous carbon with a high surface area of 1198 ± 60 m2 g-1 was synthesized through a green route. Sodium acetate was utilized as an environmentally friendly electrolyte. The long-term stability test at a high current density was conducted, providing valuable insights into the viability of sodium acetate as a robust electrolyte in supercapacitor application. The supercapacitor demonstrated an excellent cycle stability of 98.4% after 20,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g-1 in sodium acetate. Further assessment revealed dominant fast surface kinetics. Moreover, a maximum energy density of 15.9 Wh kg-1 at 0.2 A g-1 was achieved. By utilizing highly porous carbon in conjunction with a water-based binder, a substantial improvement of 76% in capacity with respect to a nonaqueous-based binder was demonstrated.

Could Commercially Available Aqueous Binders Allow for the Fabrication of Highly Loaded Sulfur Cathodes with a Stable Cycling Performance?

In this review, the application of five commercially available aqueous-based binders including sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as well as some representative custom (or purpose) synthesized functional binders used in lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries is summarized based on the main evaluation criteria of cycling capacity, battery lifetime, and areal sulfur loading (and, consequently, energy density of the battery). CMC with SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) has been reported with promising results in highly loaded sulfur cathodes (&gt;5 mg cm−2 sulfur loading). PVA and PEI were confirmed to provide an enhanced adsorption of lithium polysulfides due to the interaction with hydroxyl and amine groups. No competitive advantage in electrochemical performance was demonstrated through the use of PAA and PEO. Water-based binders modified with polysulfide-trapping functional groups have complex fabrication processes, which hinders their commercial application. In general, achieving a high capacity and long cycling stability for highly loaded sulfur cathodes using commercial aqueous-based binders remains a significant challenge. Additionally, the scalability of these reported sulfur cathodes, in terms of complexity, cost, and stable electrochemical cycling, should be evaluated through further battery testing, particularly targeting pouch cell performance.

Limitations of Polyacrylic Acid Binders When Employed in Thick LNMO Li-ion Battery Electrodes

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is here studied as a binder material for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. When the LNMO electrodes are fabricated with an active mass loading of ∼10 mg cm−2 (∼1.5 mA h cm−2), poor discharge capacity and short cycle life is obtained in full-cells with graphite electrodes. The electrochemical results with PAA are compared with a commonly used water-based binder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which shows better electrochemical performance. The main cause for these problems in PAA based cells is identified to be the high internal resistance in the initial cycles, caused by factors such as contact resistance, inhomogeneous binder distribution and poor electrolyte wetting of the active material.

Integrating with a tough framework and efficient self-healing behavior based on a flexible polymer skeleton for Si anode binders in lithium-ion cells

As a prospective and efficient strategy to address the volume expansion of the Si nanoparticles, the binder plays an increasingly significant role in the Si anode of lithium-ion batteries. Based on the inspiration of natural physics and cross-linked networks, a functional (named polyacrylic acid-citric acid-polyethyleneimine) binder that is similar to a flexible polymer skeleton integrated with a tough framework and efficient self-healing behavior is designed to achieve long cycling stability for Si anodes. The cross-linked network can be stabilized by the amide bonds, formed by polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Based on this, citric acid (CA) can be added to form multiple hydrogen bonds, whose carboxyl groups can also establish a more reversible cross-linked network with Si particles. Then, PEI and CA molecules can connect with PAA to form a “rigid and flexible” structure. The expansion stress of Si nanoparticles is relieved by the protective buffer layer built by the addition of PEI and CA molecules. In addition, PAA, PEI, and CA work together to solve the problem that the action of CA and PAA alone cannot perform well under large currents. Hence, this water-based binder with a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure with self-healing ability has better performance during cycling: at a current density of 0.2C, it still has a capacity of 2017.4 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 80.7 % (1745.3 mAh·g−1, 300 cycles, a capacity retention of 74.9 %).

Understanding Electrochemical Properties for a Bio-Based Silicon Anode Electrode Enhanced with Carbon Nanostructure Conductive Additives and Water-Based Binders

Lithium Ion batteries (LIB) demand has shown an exciting increase lately, particularly looking for light-weight solution for portable devices [1], [2]. Recently, The development and implementation of electrode material production techniques pushed the LIB's current state performance to further improvement. Silicon (Si) anode-based electrodes are considered an attractvie alternative to conventional graphite electrodes due to their high specific capacity [3]. Theoretically, Si could alloy with Li up to Li4.4Si and result in a specific capacity of 4200 mAh/g, where the mechanical stress within the electrode material causes loss in the conductivity and breaking of the cell. To overcome this issue, different methodologies have been tested for further improvement of Si implementation with different nanostructures [4]. On the other hand, the production rate of LIB is very important to meet the high demand for different technologies. and, a commercial Si grade is highly recommended along with the conventional tape-casting production method. Furthermore, water-based binders, such as Polyacrylic Acid and Carboxy methyl Cellulose (cellulose-based binders) plays an important role in electrode preparation, where it is supporting the volume expansion of Si and preserveing electrode morphology [5]. Herein, we focus on producing a high-quality Si electrode with cellulose binder, enhanced by conductive carbon allotrope additives. In this study, different Si grades will be tested with different concentrations along with conductive and binder [6]. Electrochemical characterization of the Si anode half cell , such as cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and Impedance spectroscopy vs Li+ metal shows extended and stabilized cycling performance, inferring a reduced anode pulverization.

Novel silicon nanoparticles-based carbonized polypyrrole nanotube composites as anode materials for Li-ion batteries

The development of elastic nanostructured Si-based anodes holds promise for advancing lithium-ion batteries due to the high theoretical specific capacity exhibited by Si. Combining nanostructured Si with C proves to be a successful strategy in addressing the challenges tied to the substantial volume expansion of Si during lithiation. In this work, a novel Si-based anode is fashioned through a simple and universal strategy, integrating Si nanoparticles with 1D nano-carbonaceous fillers (CPPy-NT) featuring nanotubular morphology and N atoms, and a water-based binder (poly(acrylic acid)). CPPy-NT are derived by carbonizing pre-synthesized polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NT). A clear correlation is established among the carbonization temperature for CPPy-NT preparation, N content in CPPy-NT, electrical conductivity, and the electrochemical performance of the ensuing Si/CPPy-NT anode. For comparative analysis, the electrochemical properties of the Si-based anode employing Super P (commercial carbon black) or PPy-NT are contrasted with those of Si/CPPy-NT. Notably, the Si/CPPy-NT anode with CPPy-NT bearing the highest amount of graphitic N sites exhibits a substantial improvement in initial charge capacity (approximately 2200 mAh g−1) and enhanced cycling stability. These findings underscore the potential to elevate the electrochemical activity of the C filler by carefully optimizing morphology, conductivity, and the incorporation of an appropriate amount of graphitic N.

Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Containing Aqueous Processed and Laser Structured Thick Film NMC 622 and Graphite Electrodes

The development of high areal energy density electrodes with layered metal oxide cathode materials is currently a hot topic in research and industry. However, for automotive applications, current research focuses on the merger of two concepts: (i) the “thick-film concept” which enables a high energy density due to a reduced amount of inactive materials, and (ii) the “three-dimensional (3D) battery concept”, which provides a high power density with improved interfacial kinetics at mass areal capacity ≥ 6.5 mAh/cm2. Latter could be realized by applying ultrafast laser patterning of electrodes which in turn includes an advanced 3D electrode design. Briefly, a rapid and homogeneous electrode wetting with liquid electrolyte can be induced, and besides a high capacity retention during long-term cycling. However, the mass loss due to laser patterning needs to be taken into account, since the cathode represents about 50 % of the total material costs of LIBs. Thus, the use of electrode structures with a high aspect ratio as well as a significantly reduced material removal is of great importance. Besides, cost reduction and environmentally friendly production by applying aqueous processing of cathode has been intensively investigated recently. In this work, 150 µm thick-film Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 electrodes were manufactured with both water-based binders and PVDF binder by tape-casting. Both cathodes are anodes were subsequently laser patterned to achieve 3D architectures. Finally, the NMC 622 cathodes were assembled in pouch cells versus graphite anodes for studying the impact of laser patterning and binders on the electrochemical performance by applying rate capability analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and lifetime analysis.

Multifunctional Aqueous Binder for Cathode Processing

To meet the critical requirements of the formation of robust and high-performance electrode, new binders with multifunction are highly desirable, especially for the next generation battery manufacturing, for example water-based cathode manufacturing. Here, as a single component, we combined water-based binder with highly conductive graphene with controllable density of the water-based binder on the surface of graphene. The as obtained binder shows good solubility and stability in water, decent conductivity, and tunable viscosity. The as obtained binder was mixed with standard NMC and LFP electrode for the water-based electrode processing. The formed electrode shows good adhesion with low loading of the binder. The binder and conductive additives are uniformly distributed in the formed electrode and covered the surface of cathode active materials surface. The NMC active material was modified with the resistance to be decomposed in the water. The electrode is not only stable under elevated temperature but also relatively high voltage, which is attributed to the presence of particular functional groups. The lithium-ion battery made by such aqueous binder shows comparable specific capacity and good stability as compare with the electrode prepared using PVDF binder and NMP solvent. The electrode after long term cycling was also investigated in order to understand the binder function during the charging/discharging process.

(Invited) Designing Sustainable Battery Technologies

Sustainability in battery technologies needs to be considered from the outset, however sustainability means many things, and needs to be considered holistically from materials, manufacturing, life-time and recyclability. Three different aspects of sustainable considerations within lithium-ion and sodium-ion technology development are discussed; materials developments, cell lifetime and optimisations, and design for recycling.The cell is comprised of a nickel based layered oxide material cathode with hard carbon anode. To maximise energy density and life-time degradation of the bulk and surface of the O3-type oxides require stabilisation.1 We discuss the optimisation of a facile method for manufacturing a stabilised O3- type layered oxide via simultaneous doping and surface coating. A higher average voltage is obtained, which stabilised the high voltage phase transition to higher voltages, and results in longer-cycle life.2 To understand the sodium-ion cell in more detail, we have performed a detailed electrochemical analysis of a hard-carbon and layered oxide cathode and extracted parameters for multi-physics models. The kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied at different temperatures, and the limitations of the cell elucidated.Finally design for remanufacture is also discussed, utilising water-based binder systems we show differences in delamination and material recovery. Utilising different recycling schemes through shredding and physical processing through to disassembly processes improvements in recovery rates are required. Particularly for low value materials, where the techno-economics of the processes do not currently work. Direct recycling of materials reclaimed from the batteries, wherever possible allows value within the material design to be maintained, rather than relying directly upon elemental value. Aspects of direct loop recycling and short loop recycling are discussed with respect to current lithium-ion technologies, and the ability to directly translate this to sodium-ion.3 In conclusion three aspects for sustainability considerations are discussed with respect to the materials life-cycle; active material optimisation, longevity and life-time when in use and electrode developments for recycling.41 T. Song and E. Kendrick, J. Phys. Mater., 2021, 4, 32004.2 T. Song, L. Chen, D. Gastol, B. Dong, J. F. Marco, F. Berry, P. Slater, D. Reed and E. Kendrick, Chem. Mater., 2022, 34, 4153–4165.3 G. D. J. Harper, E. Kendrick, et al. J. Phys. Energy, 2023, 5, 021501.4 Picture created by DALL-E 2 algorithm with Nightcafe Figure 1

MXene Clay (Ti2C)-Containing In Situ Polymerized Hollow Core-Shell Binder for Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Silicon, an attractive anode material, suffers fast capacity fading due to the electrical isolation from massive volumetric expansion upon cycling. However, it holds a high theoretical capacity and low operation voltage in its practical application. In this study, a new water-based binder, MXene clay/hollow core-shell acrylate composite, was synthesized through an in situ emulsion polymerization technique to alleviate the fast capacity fading of the silicon anode efficiently. The efficient introduction of conductive MXene clay and the hollow core-shell structure, favorable to electron and ion transport in silicon-based electrodes, gives a novel conceptual design of the binder material. Such a strategy could alleviate electrical isolation after cycling and promises better electrochemical performance of the high-capacity anodes. The effect of the MXene introduction and hollow core-shell on the binder performance is thoroughly investigated using various characterization tools by comparison with no MXene-containing, core-shell acrylate, and commercial styrene-butadiene latex binders. Consequently, the silicon-based electrode containing the MXene clay/hollow core-shell acrylate binder exhibits a high capacity retention of 1351 mAh g-1 at 0.5C after 100 cycles and good rate capability of over 1100 mAh g-1 at 5C.

Improving the Fast Charging Capability of Lithium-Ion Battery Graphite Anodes by Implementing an Alternative Binder System

An alternative binder system for water-processed graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries was developed and electrochemically investigated in terms of fast charging capability. The conventionally used binder system for anode coatings, based on CMC and SBR, shows good rheological and mechanical properties, but is limited in its electrochemical performance with respect to high charging currents. However, a marked improvement in fast charging capability is necessary to accelerate the market share of battery electric vehicles. Therefore, we systematically developed an alternative, water-based binder system to improve the fast charging capability of graphite anodes. Thereby, the most promising alternative binder system consisting of alginate, PEO and PVP (2:1:1) showed an improvement in charging performance at 4 C (10 mA cm−2) in the CC-step by more than 150% in 2.5 mAh cm−2 research pouch cells, compared to the reference binder system consisting of CMC and SBR (1:1). The improvement in fast charging capability could be assigned to a reduced ionic pore resistance, as well as a larger active surface area, whereas the pore size distribution, the total surface area, as well as the wettability of the electrode, influence the active surface area. Furthermore, the alternative binder system reveals an improved cycling stability beyond 1,500 cycles.

Film electrode by incorporating polypyrrole/carbon black into cross-linked binders of chitosan/cationic polyacrylamide for selective chloride extraction in wastewater

Water-based binders are usually free of volatile organic compounds and hazardous reagents, which reduces the impact on the environment, and research and development of water-based binders has been progressing in recent years. In order to increase the adhesion and mechanical properties of the composite film electrode, lower the resistance to ion transfer, and improve the adsorption capacity of Cl−, a unique cross-linked aqueous binder composite film electrode was created. The film electrode for the electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) system's Cl− adsorption and desorption was successfully prepared by incorporating polypyrrole (PPy-Cl)/carbon black (C) into chemically cross-linked chitosan (CS) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) by glutaraldehyde (GA). The film electrode of formulated PPy-Cl/C/CS-c-CPAM had advantages over the film electrode of PPy-Cl/C/PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride). The PPy-Cl/C/CS-c-CPAM film electrode had 33.56 mg g−1 adsorption capacity when operated at 0.8 V for the oxidation potential, high selectivity, short adsorption time, and excellent adhesions. CS-c-CPAM composite binders provide a new direction for realizing the superior performance of the film electrodes.