Water-alcohol Extracts Research Articles

The impact of the Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P. C.Barton extract on the immune response in animals

With the water-alcohol extraction method was obtained liquid extract from Chimaphila umbellata (L.)W.P.C. Barton. Experimental studies on the azathioprine immunosuppression model showed a pronounced opposition to the development of a secondary immunodeficiency state under the influence of 14-day course use of a dealcoholized extract of the aerial part of Chimaphila umbellata (L.)W. P.C.Barton. The results of the humoral state assessment and cellular link of the immune response in F1 line laboratory mice (C57B1 / 6 × CBA) indicate that the plant extracts: 1. Restores the immune status by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to 85.6%, with 100% in the intact control and 69.9 in the control - azathioprine. 2. Influences the number of antibody-forming cells, significantly increasing their absolute value by 2.36, and the relative - by 1.84 times in comparison with control-azathioprine. The immunocorrecting activity of umbellata wintergreen Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. P. C.Barton extract is consistent with previously obtained results on the study of antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and wound healing anti-inflammatory effects.

The study of the effect of <i>Thymus serpyllum</i> extract on the mitotic activity of cells by means of Allium test

Topicality. Extract of Thymus serpyllum L. exerts a wide range of biologically active properties, for example, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, analgesic, and antioxidant. However, there is no information about the effect of its water-alcohol extraction on cell proliferation.
 The aim of the research was to study the effect of Thymus serpyllum extract in concentrations of 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2, 3.1, 1.5 mg/ml on the mitotic activity of cells with the application of Allium test.
 Materials and methods. The bulbs of Allium cepa L., species Stuttgart Riesen, were used in the experiment. Bulbs were sprouted for three days in thyme extracts with different concentrations of extractives. The experiment was repeated five times. Eight groups were studied in each series: distilled water as negative control, dioxidine 100 mg/ml as positive control, the extract of Thymus serpyllum in concentrations 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2, 3.1, 1.5 mg/ml. The toxic effect was evaluated by measuring the root length, and the mitotic activity was evaluated by calculating the mitotic index without cells at the prophase stage.
 Results. The longest roots were observed in the extract concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, but their length was less than that of bulbs that sprouted in the negative control. The highest value without the prophase index was also found at the extraction concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, and the values were similar to those in the negative control. The shortest roots were observed in the extract concentration of 6.2 mg/ml; their length was comparable to the positive control. The lowest values without the prophase index were revealed in the extraction concentration of 6.2 mg/ml and were similar to the values in the negative control. The bulbs that were exposed to water-alcohol extract of Thymus serpyllum in concentrations of extractives 1.5, 25.0, 50.0 mg/ml had no roots.
 Conclusion. Thymus serpyllum extract reduces the mitotic activity of cells in concentrations of 1.5-6.2 mg/ml. The inverse dependence of the root length and the non-prophase index on the concentration of water- alcohol extract of Thymus serpyllum has been established.

Safety evaluation of four faba bean extracts used as dietary supplements in grass carp culture based on hematological indices, hepatopancreatic function and nutritional condition

Faba bean (Vicia faba, FB) is known to improve the texture of fish meat but retards growth possibly by inducing hemolysis, hepatopancreas damage, and metabolic disorder. In this study, we used ultrasonic processing to isolate four FB extracts (water extract, alcohol extract, proteins and residues) and examined their beneficial and detrimental effects. These extracts were separately mixed with commercial feed and fed to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using whole FB and commercial feed as controls. After fish were fed one of the six experimental diets for 50 d and 100 d, we evaluated the growth and hematological parameters, activities of metabolic enzymes, hepatopancreatic histology and oxidative response, and lipid metabolism. Results showed that both whole FB and FB residues caused growth retardation and hepatopancreas damage (P < 0.05), whereas growth performance was improved in the FB water and alcohol extract groups compared to the whole FB group. Although the FB water extract negatively affected the number and morphological parameters of red blood cells (P < 0.05), the hematological damage was less pronounced than that of the whole FB group. Excessive hepatopancreatic fat accumulation was found in the whole FB, FB alcohol extract and FB residues groups. Moreover, serious hepatopancreas damages were observed in the FB residues group. These results suggest that the beneficial and detrimental components of FB were successfully separated in the four extracts, and the FB water extract would be the best choice for grass carp culture in terms of growth performance and health. The safety evaluation of the four FB extracts would facilitate further application of FB in aquatic feed.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the Canadian Goldenrod Herb (Solidago canadensis L.)

The paper presents the results of a study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of goldenrod grass. Using the method of spectrophotometry and reaction with the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, the antioxidant activity of the alcohol-water extraction of Canadian goldenrod grass is determined. An aqueous-water extraction from the grass of the Canadian goldenrod also exhibits antibacterial activity against the Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 test strains.

Comparison of pharmacological activity of hawthorn fruits preparations

Objectives - a comparative study of antidepressant activity and diuretic action of water and water-alcohol preparations of the fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and Crataegus submollis Sarg. Materials and methods. The study covers the water and alcohol-water extracts from the fruits of hawthorn blood-red (Crataegus sanguinea Pall.) and Quebec hawthorn (Crataegus submollis Sarg.). The comparative study of the antidepressant activity and the diuretic action of the preparations was carried out on white mongrel rats of both sexes. Results. The liquid extracts of fruits Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and Crataegus submollis Sarg. at a dose of 100 μl/kg revealed an antidepressant activity. Decoctions of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and Crataegus submollis Sarg. at a dose of 100 μl/kg had a pronounced diuretic and saluretic activity. Pharmacotherapeutic effects of the studied preparations can be explained by the presence of flavonoids in them. Conclusion. The preparations of the fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and Crataegus submollis Sarg. can be recommended as antidepressant and diuretic agents. The fruits of Crataegus submollis Sarg. are the promising medicinal plant raw materials.

Antioxidative and Hypoglycemic Effect of Ta-ermi Extracts on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.

IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to reveal the potential positive effect of the Ta-ermi extracts on oxidative stress and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice and rats treated with Ta-ermi water- and alcohol-extracts.MethodsThe study was carried out using three experimental model: 1) in vitro experiments whereby Ta-ermi extracts were incubated with free radical generators such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) to evaluate Ta-ermi’s antioxidant effects; 2) testing the hypoglycemic effects of Ta-ermi extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice; and 3) testing the beneficial effects of Ta-ermi extracts on mitochondrial complex I function using STZ-diabetic rats.ResultsIn vitro antioxidant experiments showed that both of the extracts could scavenge free radicals and exhibited inhibitory effects on glucosidase and aldose reductase with differential effects between water extract and alcohol extract. In the STZ mouse diabetic model, both the water- and alcohol-extracts attenuated body weight decrease, decreased blood glucose levels in a concentration-dependent manner, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased oral glucose tolerance ability. In the STZ-diabetic rat model, both the water- and alcohol-extracts were found to be able to lower blood glucose levels in the diabetic animals with no effects on body weight changes. Moreover, in the STZ-diabetic rats, both the water- and alcohol-extracts of Ta-ermi could inhibit the increase of mitochondrial NADH/ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) activity in the pancreas and enhanced complex I activity in the liver but showed no effect on lung or kidney mitochondrial complex I.DiscussionThe present study points to the potential medicinal value of Ta-ermi’s water and alcohol extracts in lowering blood glucose and decreasing diabetic oxidative stress. One limitation of our study is that the compound or compounds that actually have this beneficial effect in the extracts remain unknown at this time. Therefore, the future studies should be focused on the identification of the components in the extracts that exhibit anti-oxidative and hypoglycemic effects.ConclusionTaken together, our studies using different experimental paradigms indicate that Ta-ermi extracts possess antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties and may be employed as functional food ingredients for the remission of diabetes.

St. John's Wort Herbal Teas - Biological Potential and Chemometric Approach to Quality Control.

St. John's wort has been used for centuries in traditional medicine of many cultures, and nowadays it is well-known as a clinically important antidepressant drug. Considering the rising market demand for Hyperici herba, quality control of crude drug is of paramount importance. In this paper we performed HPLC-DAD chemical profiling of St. John's wort tea samples obtained at local markets, pharmacies and health food stores in the Balkan Peninsula countries, Austria and Turkey. Furthermore, water alcoholic extracts of the collected samples were evaluated in terms of their antioxidant potential, as well as the ability to inhibit biologically important enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidases A and B(MAO-A and MAO-B), α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Significant variability within the samples in the quantities of hypericin, hyperforin, rutin, quercetin, gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid was noticed. Chemotaxonomic modelling enabled the identification of three clusters of samples based on the quantities of rutin, hypericin and hyperforin. Generally, the extracts exhibited a significant potential to inhibit MAO-A (median IC50 = 10.01μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (median IC50 = 12.40μg/mL). The results of antioxidant potential evaluation suggest strong neutralization of hydroxyl and nitroso radicals, but moderate inhibition of lipid peroxidation process. Overall, the conducted study emphasizes the possibility of St. John's wort teas quality control, taking into account unavoidable variability of chemical profile as well. The stated is of great importance when grinding degree of herbal material excludes taxonomic identification of biological origin as an option within quality control.

Advances on Antiviral Activity of Morus spp. Plant Extracts: Human Coronavirus and Virus-Related Respiratory Tract Infections in the Spotlight.

(1) Background: Viral respiratory infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year. Human coronavirus and several picornaviruses are responsible for worldwide epidemic outbreaks, thus representing a heavy burden to their hosts. In the absence of specific treatments for human viral infections, natural products offer an alternative in terms of innovative drug therapies. (2) Methods: We analyzed the antiviral properties of the leaves and stem bark of the mulberry tree (Morus spp.). We compared the antiviral activity of Morus spp. on enveloped and nonenveloped viral pathogens, such as human coronavirus (HCoV 229E) and different members of the Picornaviridae family—human poliovirus 1, human parechovirus 1 and 3, and human echovirus 11. The antiviral activity of 12 water and water–alcohol plant extracts of the leaves and stem bark of three different species of mulberry—Morus alba var. alba, Morus alba var. rosa, and Morus rubra—were evaluated. We also evaluated the antiviral activities of kuwanon G against HCoV-229E. (3) Results: Our results showed that several extracts reduced the viral titer and cytopathogenic effects (CPE). Leaves’ water-alcohol extracts exhibited maximum antiviral activity on human coronavirus, while stem bark and leaves’ water and water-alcohol extracts were the most effective on picornaviruses. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the antiviral activities of Morus spp. offer promising applications in antiviral strategies.

Tamarix chinensis Lour inhibits chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in mice.

BACKGROUNDTamarix chinensis Lour (TCL) is a shrub that usually grows in arid or semiarid desert areas and saline-alkali fields. It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities.AIMTo investigate the possible protective effects of TCL against liver injury induced by chronic ethanol intake.METHODSC57BL/6J male mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli lipid diet containing alcohol and received (by gavage) a water-alcohol extract (80%) of TCL (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) or distilled water for 4 wk. After euthanasia, liver tissues were observed histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil red O staining, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, hepatic lipids, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured. In addition, expression of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and downstream proinflammatory cytokines were determined.RESULTSCompared with the ethanol group, mice in the TCL-treated group (200 mg/kg) had significantly lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (mean, 34.1 IU/L vs 45.3 IU/L, P < 0.01) and aspartate transaminase (mean, 89.6 IU/L vs 115.7 IU/L, P < 0.01), as well as marked reduction of hepatic tissue reactive oxygen species (decreased by 27.5%, P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (decreased by 76.6%, P < 0.01) levels, with a significant increase of superoxide dismutase (Increased by 73.2%, P < 0.01). Expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6], and recruitment of natural killer T cells to the liver, were reduced in the TCL-treated incubation with a Lieber-DeCaril ethanol lipid diet group.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that a TCL extract (200 mg/kg) protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, probably by inhibiting the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β signaling pathway and suppressing oxidative stress.

Antidepressant activity of Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull.) herb extracts

Topicality. Today, anxiety is becoming more urgent, due to the changes in social sphere, the intensity of life rhythm and other factors. Therefore, it is relevant to research new medicines based on medicinal herbal raw materials with anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. The common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) as a prospective species for the Ericaceae family, is also used in many countries as a source of sedative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.Aim. To investigate the water-alcohol and water extracts effect of heather grass on behavioral and emotional reactions in “Porsolt tests” and “Tail suspension test”.Materials and methods. The antidepressant effect of Calluna vulgaris L. extracts in “Tail suspension test” and “Porsolt’s” test studied.Results and discussion. In the “Tail suspension test” when the animals were administered with water-alcohol and water extracts, the total time of immobilization was reduced. The latent period of the first freezing during the introduction of water-alcohol extract was 1.25 times shorter than control. The latent period was longer in 1.14 times the control when the aqueous extract was administered. The total immobility at the administration of water-alcohol extract was the smallest (32.57 s). In the “Porsolt’s test” the water-alcohol extract of the Calluna vulgaris (L.) herb exhibits the highest antidepressant activity on the 1st and 3rd day of the experiment, as evidenced by the largest number of active swimming (190.29 s and 99.57 s) and the least time of immobilization (13.71 s and 15.14 s).Conclusions. Passive swimming time during the administration of the water-alcohol extract of the Calluna vulgaris (L.) herb was the smallest on the 1st day of the experiment (156 s). It has been established that water and water-alcohol extracts of Calluna vulgaris L. herb have antidepressant effect and are superior in activity to St. John’s wort.

Comparative cytotoxic analysis of extracts obtained from leaves and roots of sweet flag (Acorus Calamus L.) on rat bone marrow cells in vitro

The aim of this study was to identify cytotoxic activity and to compare severity of cytotoxic activity of de-alcoholized alcohol-water extracts obtained from the leaves and roots of Sweet Flag (Acorus Calamus L.) on rat bone marrow cells in vitro.Rat bone marrow cells were isolated from the femoral diaphysis of the animals under cold temperatures.To obtain various concentrations of extract from the leaves (LEA) and roots REA, the initial extracts (concentration 1.0 g/mL) were immunologically titrated by rolling method. A quantitative assessment of cytotoxicity was made by testing plasma membrane damage in the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test.It was found that the cytotoxicity of a substance obtained from the roots of Sweet Flag (REA) depends on the dose and time of contact with rat bone marrow. REA has a cytotoxic effect at concentrations of 0.03-1.65 g/mL. When in contact with rat bone marrow cells for 15 minutes it causes an increase in the number of dead cells by 0.48–1.56×106 per milliliter (p&lt;0.05). For REA in all studied concentrations, an increase in the effect of cytotoxicity is shown as the time of contact of cells with the active substance increases from 15 to 90 minutes (p&lt;0.05).The substance obtained from the leaves of Sweet Flag (LEA) does not cause cell membrane destruction and does not have a significant effect on the viability of rat bone marrow cells in all studied concentrations

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ARTEMISIA L. HERB EXTRACTS ON THE PROGRESS OF THE TOXIC TETRACHLOROMETHANE LIVER DAMAGE

Introduction. Artemisia L. genus species are the promising sources for the manufacturing of drugs with hepatoprotective activity. They are used as appetizing, anthelmintic, bactericidal, choleretic and anti-inflammatory re­medies. The pharmacological activity of Artemisia L. species is caused by the presence of different groups of biologically active substances.&#x0D; The aim of the study – to learn the acute toxicity and the effect of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris water-alcohol extracts on the progress of the toxic tetrachloromethane liver damage.&#x0D; Research Methods. The method of preclinical study of drugs safety was used to determine the acute toxicity. The investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris extracts was performed using the model of acute tetrachloromethane hepatitis. Hepatoprotector of local manufacturer (“Silibor” tablets) was used as the reference drug.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. It was found that intragastric administration of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris extracts at the dose of 6000 mg/kg does not lead to the death of animals. There were no changes in the integral, hematological, biochemical parameters and in the morphological structure of the internal organs of experimental animals. It allows to characterize the extracts at this dose as almost non-toxic ones (V toxicity class, LD50&gt;5000 mg/kg) according to the toxicity classification of substances. The results of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris extracts study indicate that they show the distinct hepatoprotective activity in condition of acute toxic liver damage. They suppress peroxide destructive processes and reduce the evolution of cytolysis syndrome and their effects are no inferior rather than the effect of tablets “Silibor”.&#x0D; Conclusions. The study of acute toxicity of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris extracts after their intragastric administration at the dose of 6000 mg/kg does not lead to the animals death. They were tidy and had the good appetite. The animals reacted adequately to sound and light stimulation. The processes of urination and defecation were unchanged. Breathing disorders and seizures were not observed. The investigated Artemisia ­absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris extracts demonstrate hepatoprotective activity in condition of acute toxic liver damage. This is proved by decreasing in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and in the toxicity of tetrachloromethane. Biochemical parameters of the animals’ blood and the liver homogenate became responded to the level of intact animals.

Study of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Flowers and Leaves of Canadian Goldenrod and Dwarf Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L. and Solidago nana Nitt.)

The results of qualitative and quantitative determination of polyphenolic compounds, in particular flavon glycosides and flavon aglycones, in alcohol–water extracts from Canadian goldenrod herbs, flowers, and leaves and alcohol–water extracts from dwarf goldenrod flowers and leaves by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are presented

Analysis of Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Activity in Vitro of Extracts from Ganoderma resinaceum

In order to further explore the nutritional components and antioxidant capacity of G. resinaceum extract,G. lucidum was used as a control in this study. First,distilled water and 55% ethanol were used to extract the corresponding water extracts and alcohol extracts,and then the total sugar and total triterpene content in the four extracts were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the vanillin-glacial acetic acid method,respectively. Next the content of free amino acids was determined by the L-8900 automatic amino acid analyzer. Finally,the 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS),1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of 4 kinds of extracts were measured. The results showed that the total sugar content in the water extract of G. lucidum and G. resinaceum were significantly higher than the corresponding alcohol extract(P 0.05). The content of total triterpenes in alcohol extracts of G. resinaceum was significantly higher than that of the other three extracts(P<0.05),reaching 25.37 mg/g,but the triterpene content of the water extract was the lowest,only 1.30 mg/g. The highest content of free essential amino acid in G. resinaceum water extract was 45.542 mg/g,while the content of G. lucidum water extract was the lowest(2.381 mg/g). G. resinaceum had the highest scavenging rates of ABTS,DPPH and hydroxyl radicals,which were 54.48%,24.42% and 10.32%,respectively. It indicated that G. resinaceum had strong antioxidant capacity. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the further development and application of G. resinaceum.

АНТИГИПЕРГЛИКЕМИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ЭКСТРАКТОВ СЕВЕРНЫХ ЯГОД НА МОДЕЛИ САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА II ТИПА У КРЫС, ИНИЦИИРОВАННОГО СТРЕПТОЗОТОЦИНОМ

The purpose of this study was to study the potential therapeutic properties of water-alcohol extracts of bilberry, blueberries, cowberries, cranberries, on the model of experimental streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Research material and methods. Wild bilberry, cowberries, cranberries and blueberries collected in the summer and autumn of 2018 in the Surgut district of the Khanty-Mansiysk district of the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation were used to obtain polyphenolic water-alcohol extracts of Northern berries. The extracts were concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to the level of polyphenols in 10 mg / ml. the Rats were injected with polyphenol extracts at the rate of 10 mg / kg (the input volume of 0.2-0.3 ml). Results. The concentration of polyphenols in the samples was studied using a commercial set for determining the concentration of polyphenols «Polyphenols folin-ciocalteu (ENOLOGY line by BioSytems. Spain)», in accordance with the instructions of the reagent manufacturer. The results were expressed in the equivalent of Gallic acid, i.e. mg of Gallic acid/ml of berry extract (mgGAE /ml Conclusion. A model of type II diabetes mellitus obtained in rats with streptozotocin was used to study the effect of extracts of wild bilberry, cowberries, cranberries and blueberries in North-Western Siberia on the level of glycemia and insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, the level of expression of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver and adipose tissue of rats, and histopathological changes in pancreatic tissue were also established. Determined that extracts of bilberry, cowberries, cranberries and blueberry on the model of diabetes reduces the severity of insulin resistance such as Metformin, lower blood glucose levels (except lingonberry extract), reduce the concentration of triglycerides (except cowberries extract), reduces the concentration of LDL (except cranberries and cowberries). The use of blueberry extract on the background of diabetes reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes IL-6, TNF-α and CRP. At the same time, extracts of Northern berries in the blood plasma prevent excessive release of free radicals and increase antioxidant activity. Pathomorphological studies of pancreatic tissue document a lower degree of damage to the Langerhans islets against the background of the introduction of Northern berry extracts.

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome Development and its Correction with Grape-Derived Stilbene Concentrate

Aim: The aim of the research was to investigate the dynamics of the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, markers of associated inflammation in an induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) model, and to estimate the effectiveness of its treatment using a grape-derived stilbene concentrate (GDSC). Methods: The research was performed on 40 white Wistar male rats of the SPF category aged 12 weeks. The MetS was induced using the fructose model (feeding the rats a diet with a 60% fructose content for 24 weeks). Rats with induced MetS were treated with GDSC, which was obtained by water-alcohol extraction of Vitis vinifera (Ressfood LLC, Russia). Results: Induction of the experimental MetS was accompanied by the development of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, increased lipids levels, cardiomyopathy and damage of blood vessels. The expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had more expressive and early dynamics than biochemical shifts. Conclusion: The development of the accompanying inflammatory reactions was confirmed by the increased expression of TLR4 and C-reactive protein as compared to control levels. The treatment of experimental MetS with GDSC prevented associated inflammatory reactions and protected the heart and blood vessels from damage.

COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS FROM SHEETS OF THE BLUEBERRY HIGH (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.)

The paper presents new data related to the qualitative and quantitative content of phenolic compounds in crop highbush blueberry leaf extracts, as well as to the antioxidant capacity of these extracts. Tall bilberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a deciduous berry shrub that has become an extremely popular crop whose fruits contain a unique complex of biologically active substances – antioxidants, phytoestrogens and vitamins. As a rule, the leaves of this plant contain, in more or less degree, the same set of phenolic compounds. However, there is currently a lack of scientific information about the peculiarities of the chemical composition and properties of these plants grown in a specific region, which could be of interest for the development of an untapped source of food additives, functional products, nutraceuticals and ingredients for organic cosmetics. The objects of this study were water- and water-alcohol extracts obtained from highbush blueberry leaves of the varieties “Reka”, “Legacy”, “Bluecrop” and “Chantecler” as well as from the mixed sample of these varieties. For comparison, extracts of leaves of crop cowberry, crop cranberry and pharmacy cowberry ("PharmaCvet", 10118) and bearberry("PharmaCvet", 161117) were investigated. The electro-oxidative and antioxidant properties of all extracts were evaluated by using the methods of cyclic voltammetry and spectrophotometry based on a liquid phase reaction with a 2.2ꞌ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The results of the studies showed that the leaves of highbush blueberry grown under conditions of ecological farming on the territory of Russia are very promising for use in prophylactic purposes.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES EXHIBITING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY CULTIVATED IN THE STAVROPOL REGION

The object of the study was the samples of raw materials of the family Lamiaceae plants created in FSBSI "North Caucasus Federal agricultural research center", using a variety of breeding methods: Salvia Officinalis Leaves (cultivar "Dobrynya"), Origanum Vulgare Herb (cultivar "Karamelka"), Salvia Sclarea Herb (cultivar "Salyut"), Satureja Hortensis Herb (cultivar "Karapuz"), Lophanthus Anisatus Herb (cultivar "Premier"), Hyssopus Officinalis Herb (cultivar "Rozovy flamingo"). As a result of the studies conducted by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, the component composition of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolcarbonic acids) was established. The quantitative content of essential oil, flavonoids and tannins was determined in the studied objects. In salvia officinalis leaves identified 11 phenolic compounds, 2.72% essential oil, 1.22% flavonoids, 12.20% tannins; in origanum vulgare herb – 9 compounds, 1.80% essential oil, 2.10% flavonoids, 8.64% tannins; in salvia sclarea herb – 11 compounds, 0.45% essential oil, 2.25% flavonoids, 10.51% tannins; in satureja hortensis herb – 11 compounds, 0.68% essential oil, 0.85% flavonoids, 9.37% tannins; in lophanthus anisatus herb – 11 compounds, 2.15% essential oil, 2.06% flavonoids, 8.30% tannins; in hyssopus officinalis herb – 9 compounds, 0.78% essential oil, 0.91% flavonoids, 9.55% tannins. Determination of antioxidant activity, conducted in two ways (amperometric and titrimetric) showed that water-alcohol extraction of plant raw materials of new varieties of representatives of the family Lamiaceae, created and maximally adapted to the conditions of Stavropol region can be the basis for the production of herbal remedies with antioxidant activity.

Technology and instrumentation stevia solutions of spray drying

The relevance of the use and development of sweeteners is reflected in the article. The main requirements for sweeteners were given: the sweetness quality, color and odor absence, a pleasant taste, harmlessness, complete elimination from the body, good solubility in water, chemical resistance. Due to its beneficial properties, the sweetener obtained from stevia leaves is increasingly used. A method of obtaining stevia extract with subsequent drying is presented. The leaves and stems of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant were used for the experiment. The extract was obtained using water-alcohol extraction at a temperature of 85–87 ?С, a water module of 1.0: 4.5, and a duration of 115–118 min. using three rinsings, the water and alcohol extracts were combined. The extract filtered from suspended impurities on a deep filter was concentrated under a vacuum of 0.08 MPa at a temperature of 60 ° C to a content of 35%. The resulting concentrate was dried on an experimental spray dryer. The temperature of the dried particles did not exceed 60 ° С, and the drying process lasted 15–30 s. High-quality stevioside powder was obtained due to instant drying and low temperature of sprayed solution particles. Thus obtained sweetener from stevia does not need intermediate purification from ballast substances and does not require further modification to improve organoleptic properties - to enhance sweetness and reduce the residual bitter aftertaste characteristic of some natural glycosides. The authors believe that the resulting sweetener makes it possible to develop new products with dietary and therapeutic purposes.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГІПОЛІПІДЕМІЧНОЇ ДІЇ ПРИ КУРСОВОМУ ПРИЗНАЧЕННІ ЕКСТРАКТІВ ТРАВИ Verbena officinalis L.

Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу екстрактів трави Verbena officinalis L. на рівень ліпідів в крові піддослідних тварин на моделі атеросклеротичної гіперліпідемії. Матеріали і методи. Дослідження впливу екстрактів трави Verbena officinalis L. на рівень фракцій ліпідів у крові піддослідних білих щурів проводили в умовах тритонової моделі гіперліпідемії. Про фармакотерапевтичну ефективність досліджуваних екстрактів робили висновок на основі біохімічних, морфологічних та гістологічних показників. Результати й обговорення. Отримані результати вивчення біохімічних показників крові щурів свідчать, що при курсовому, протягом 10 днів, введенні стандартизованих екстрактів трави Verbena officinalis L. тваринам із модельованою тритоном WR-1339 атеросклеротичною гіперліпідемією, спостерігалося зниження рівня ліпідного складу крові. Висновки. В результаті вивчення динаміки біохімічних показників крові щурів із атеросклеротичною гіперліпідемією, змодельованою тритоном WR-1339, при курсовому призначенні екстрактів із трави Verbena officinalis L. встановлено, що застосування екстрактів зменшує рівень ліпідів крові, а саме загальних ліпідів, β-ліпопротеїнів, тригліцеролів, загального холестеролу, а також показників загального протеїну, сечовини, АлАТ і АсАТ. Найбільш виражену дію проявляє водно-спиртовий екстракт трави Verbena officinalis L.