City Waste Research Articles

Birds on Waste-dumps in the Campus of Yaounde University II, Centre Region, Cameroon

Foraging of wild birds on city waste dumps is one of the most popular forms of human–wildlife interactions in the world. The extensive bird-habitat destruction for urban development has restricted wild-bird feeding to city waste-dumps in most communities in Cameroon.

A mass conspiracy to feed people: Food Not Bombs and the world‐class waste of global cities. By David BoarderGiles. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 320 pp.

Economic AnthropologyEarly View Book Review A mass conspiracy to feed people: Food Not Bombs and the world-class waste of global cities. By Giles, David Boarder. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 320 pp. Kelly Alexander, Corresponding Author Kelly Alexander kelly.alexander@unc.edu University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USAkelly.alexander@unc.eduSearch for more papers by this author Kelly Alexander, Corresponding Author Kelly Alexander kelly.alexander@unc.edu University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USAkelly.alexander@unc.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 October 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12259Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Irrigation water quality, gypsum, and city waste compost addition affect P dynamics in saline-sodic soils

The amendments used for sodicity reclamation also profoundly influence P dynamics and leaching losses. This study characterized the effect of irrigation water quality on P dynamics and leaching from saline-sodic soil during reclamation utilizing gypsum alone or in combination with manure and city compost. Changes in properties of unleached and leached soils were fitted with labile P pools using redundancy analysis. The relation between leachate properties and P loss was explained by means of monitoring leachate properties up to ten pore volumes. During incubation, the water-extractable P (PH2O) concentration was greater than Olsen's P (PNaHCO3) in all treatments. The PNaHCO3 decreased in proportion to the amount of gypsum applied. Applying the organics with gypsum increased the PNaHCO3, PH2O, and organic P concentration compared to gypsum alone. The labile P pools in soil were positively correlated with HCO3− content (r = 0.39–0.77; P < 0.05) of leached and unleached soils. Adding gypsum and compost caused a 10–14% decrease in cumulative P leaching. The cumulative P leaching were greater with rainwater compared to saline water of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) 5 and 15. The CO32−, HCO3−, pH, and SO42–content of the leachate explained about 71% variability in total P leaching (adj. R2 = 0.71; P < 0.001). This study concludes that low electrolyte water had a greater risk of P leaching and associated environmental pollution. Leaching of the saline–sodic soil amended with gypsum and city waste compost with low SAR saline water can reduce P leaching compared to good quality rainwater.

Thermal degradation and combustion properties of most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers.

Various products made from biodegradable polymers have been increasing rapidly in the market since the use of non-biodegradable materials has been banned, particularly for the disabled packaging materials. Burning remains the most popular method that is increasingly used in treating city wastes. The impact of these polymers on environmental during thermal degradation and combustion is an important issue for city waste management. In this work, the thermal degradation and combustion behaviours of the most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market, poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkenoates (PHA), are investigated. Both isothermal and non-isothermal thermal decomposition in oxygen and nitrogen environment were studied using thermogravimetric analysis combining with differential scanning calorimeter and coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy. The combustion behaviour was investigated by a combustion colorimeter. The study results show that thermal degradation temperatures are PCL > PBS > PLA > PBAT > PHA. The thermal decomposition of all the polyesters started from scission reaction (cis-elimination), and then a stereoselective cis-elimination, which resulted in the formation of trans-crotonic acid and its oligomers. They all decomposed into CO2 and water in excess oxygen environment above 800°C. Various chemical products with smaller molecules were detected under oxygen-free conditions, including oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The order of the total heat release of the materials from high to low is as follows: PHA > PCL > PBAT > PBS > PLA. The combustion values of these polyesters are lower than those of polyolefins; thus, they will not damage furnace used currently. The results provide some important and useful data for managing these new city waste.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND LEGAL REGULATIONS OF RECYCLING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The topic of waste management and recycling is becoming very important both in our country andthroughout the world. The goal is to emphasize the importance of the environment, its protection and thepreservation of the world around us. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction. It promotesenvironmental sustainability by removing input raw materials and redirecting waste production into the economicsystem. The question of environmental protection is a question of the future. It is not possible to protect theenvironment if we do not prevent the accumulation of various wastes, the sanctioning of which is constantlypostponed. Urbanization and globalization bring increasing needs of each individual for packaged goods, whichleads to a huge increase in packaging worldwide. The development of industry leads to increased industrial waste.The only way to control waste is recycling treatment. By recycling, in addition to the reduction of waste disposed ofin landfills, we enable re-production, i.e. the use of waste for the re-production of a product. The recycling processhas a huge ecological and economic importance in the system of a country. For a recycling program to work, a large,stable supply of recyclable materials is essential. High-quality recycling can support economic growth bymaximizing the value of waste materials. Three legal options have been used to create such stockpiles: compulsorycollection of recycling, a law on depositing containers and a ban on waste. Compulsory collection laws set recyclingtargets for cities, so a percentage of the material must be diverted from the city's waste stream by a target date. Thecity is responsible for working towards this goal. Recyclable quality not only supports high-quality recycling but canalso bring significant environmental benefits by reducing, reusing and keeping products out of landfills. Anytreatment that is planned to be used in the recycling process must be justified by legal regulations. The keyinstitutional responsibility in the field of waste management lies with the Ministry of Environmental Protection ofthe Republic of Serbia, which, in accordance with the Law on Ministries, performs state administration tasks relatedto: waste management, including hazardous waste, except for radioactive waste; approval of cross-border transportof waste, as well as other tasks specified by law. The paper presents the principle of municipal waste management inthe Republic of Serbia. By reviewing data from abroad, the goals that the Republic of Serbia strives to achieve inthis matter are analyzed, as well as the legal frameworks that regulate the achievement of those goals. The analysisincludes the recycling process itself, its flows, as well as waste management treatments. Concrete ecological andeconomic aspects of recycling that affect life and work in the Republic of Serbia are presented.

The Practical Experience of “Zero Waste City” Construction in Foshan City Condenses the Chinese Solution to the Sustainable Development Goals

“Zero Waste City” (ZWC) is an urban development model that minimizes the environmental impact of solid waste at the city level and is a specific practice of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper aims to summarize the key points for realizing the construction of ZWC and the SDGs and make suggestions for promoting the construction of ZWC and forming a Chinese solution for the SDGs. It takes Foshan City, one of the second batch of ZWC pilot projects, as a case study, analyzes the relationship between the construction of ZWC and sustainable urban development from the relevance of the ZWC index system in Foshan City and the SDGs, and analyzes the foundation and problems of its ZWC construction in adjusting the industrial structure and improving the protection system. We find that the concept of the ZWC index system in Foshan City and the SDGs are consistent in the objectives of solid waste, resource utilization, management, sustainability, and multi-stakeholder partnerships. The construction of ZWC in Foshan City is built through two intertwined paths by (1) adjusting the industrial structure of solid waste generation areas such as industrial waste, domestic waste, agricultural solid waste, and hazardous waste and promoting the refinement of the whole industrial chain in these fields and (2) improving the institutional, technical, market, regulatory and other protection systems in the solid waste generation fields. This paper condenses the construction of ZWC in Foshan as a Chinese solution for SDGs, providing a practical example of sustainable transformation for other manufacturing cities, with implications for both China and other manufacturing-oriented cities.

Environmental Impact Assessment EIA of Landfill of municipal waste in Urmia city using rapid assessment matrix method (RIAM)

سابقه و هدف: با افزایش بی­رویه جمعیت در شهر‌ها دفع ایمن پسماند یک مشکل اساسی برای این کلان­ شهرها محسوب ‌می‌شود. مسئله دفن و محل آن در انتهای مسئله دفع پسماند قرار دارد. دفن پسماند ‌معمول‌ترین روش برای دفع در جوامع شهری کشور ایران و سایر کشورهای جهان محسوب ‌می‌شود. برای همین ارزیابی اثرات زیست­ محیطی آن برای کاهش اثرات زیست­ محیطی منفی بسیار مهم است. از این رو در این مطالعه اثرات زیست­ محیطی ‌محل دفن زباله ارومیه با روش ریام مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه با استفاده از روش ریام به منظور ارزیابی اثرات زیست­ محیطی اطلاعاتی به صورت میدانی از محل دفن زباله شهرستان ارومیه جمع‌آوری شد. سپس با استفاده از روش ریام تاثیر فعالیت‌های مختلف موجود در پروژه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین عوامل مهم و تاثیرگذار توسط مجموعه‌ای از کارشناسان حوزه محیط­ زیستی در چهار بخش فیزیکی–شیمیایی، بیولوژیکی–اکولوژیکی، فرهنگی–اجتماعی و اقتصادی–عملیاتی طبقه‌بندی شده است. به هرکدام از عوامل براساس اهمیت وضعیت و ارزش زمانی امتیازدهی صورت گرفته است. طریقه امتیاز‌دهی به این صورت است که با ضرب زیر معیارهای مربوط به اهمیت وضعیت، مقدار کلی این معیار مشخص می‌شود. همچنین برای معیار ارزش موقت، زیرمعیارهای آن با هم جمع می‌شوند. پس از به دست آمدن این معیارها با ضرب این دو معیار با هم امتیاز محیط‌زیستی (ES) پروژه محاسبه می‌شود.نتایج و بحث: براساس مطالعه‌‌ای که انجام شد مشاهده شد بیشترین امتیاز منفی در صورت ادامه دفع به این روش برای اجزای بیولوژیکی-اکولوژیکی برابر 402- بوده است. همچنین کمترین امتیاز منفی از بین سایر اجزا موجود برای اجزای اقتصادی–عملیاتی برابر با 109- به ­دست ­آمده است. تنها امتیاز مثبت مربوط به اجزای اجتماعی–فرهنگی و جز امرار معاش ‌می‌باشد. همچنین امتیاز حاصل برای اجزای فیزیکی–شیمیایی 351- و برای اجزای اجتماعی–فرهنگی 114- به ­دست ­آمد. که دلایل این امتیازات منفی عدم توجه درست به حجم زباله تولید شده توسط مردم، نبود سیستم تصفیه شیرابه، عدم وجود پوشش گیاهی منطقه دفن زباله شهری، دفن غیراصولی و غیربهداشتی، فاصله حمل و ... می‌باشد. عملیات دفع با روش فعلی علاوه بر ایجاد آلودگی زیست ­محیطی، بسیار هزینه‌بر نیزمی­ باشد. بیشترین مقدار هزینه در این روش صرف حمل و نقل، نیروی انسانی و عملیات خاک‌برداری و خاک‌ریزی می‌شود. علاوه بر این هزینه‌های مالی، متاسفانه در سال‌های اخیر از بین رفتن خاک‌های کشاورزی اطراف محل دفن زباله شهری باعث مهاجرت مردم از روستاهای اطراف این محل نیز شده است. این عمل باعث ایجاد آلودگی زیادی شده و مانع تبدیل و بازیافت پسماند می‌شود.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد اگر عملیات دفع زباله به همین صورت ادامه پیدا کند آسیب‌های محیط‌زیستی جبران ناپذیری به زیست‌بوم منطقه وارد خواهد شد. برای جلوگیری از این خسارات لازم است راهکارهای عملی ارائه شده و در بخش مدیریت تجدید نظری نسبت به ادامه این روش صورت گیرد. همچنین با توجه به نزدیکی اتمام ظرفیت محل دفن پسماند در این منطقه به دلیل پرشدن آن، پیشنهاد می‌شود در صورت اقدام به ایجاد یک محل جدید برای دفن پسماند حتما مطالعاتی از قبیل زمین‌شناسی، گیاه‌شناسی، ژئوتکنیکی و ... صورت پذیرد. همچنین به ­نظر می‌رسد ایجاد یک کارخانه بازیافت زباله در کاهش حجم زباله بسیار تاثیر­گذار خواهد بود.

Quantification of waste in schools: A case study in Danang City, Vietnam

BACKGROUND AND AIM Waste is a major problem that can affect the environment and health; especially in developing countries where there is often a lack of an appropriate system for waste treatment. Understanding the current situation of waste, its common type and amount are important to develop appropriate strategies for waste control, especially in a school-based setting. This study has been conducted to identify common types of waste that are disposed in schools and quantify such waste. METHODS This study used an audit method to identify the common types of waste and quantify such waste in Da Nang city in 2021. RESULTS There were four schools with a total number of 3064 students were participated in this study. The average total volume of waste that schools discharge in a day is 460kg (accounting for 7542 litres of storage volume); in which, organic waste has the largest volume of 261kg (57% of total volume) accounting for 2262 litres (30% of total volume); non-recyclable waste weights 175kg (38% of the total volume) with a maximum volume of 4524 litres (60% of the total volume); recyclable waste has a weight of only 22kg (5% of total volume) accounting for 719 litres (10% of total volume); The remaining types of waste are insignificant. This study also showed the presence of a large number of plastic bags (2128 pieces), multi-layer packaging (2036 pieces), milk cartons (1047 boxes), straws (772 pieces), plastic bottles (670 bottles), foam boxes (531 pieces), plastic spoons (400 pieces), polypropylene plastic cups (327 pieces) in the total waste produced in one day in these schools. CONCLUSIONS Schools are emitting a large amount of waste, significantly plastic waste. Intervention programs in the school-based setting are needed to reduce the amount of waste toward ensuring health for children and protecting the environment.

Solid waste generation from the hotel industry in the coastal tourism cities of Vietnam

While the tourism and hospitality sectors in Vietnam have been rapidly developing, the increasing consumption of natural resources and production of associated waste, especially in coastal and island sites, threaten these marine areas with pollution. This study provides data on solid waste from 10 hotels in three coastal provinces of Vietnam, namely, Hai Phong, Quang Nam and Phu Yen. The results indicated significant percentages and volumes of organic waste especially from large-scale hotels with in-house food services like restaurants and bars. The proportions of organic and recyclable solid waste from all three surveyed cities ranged between 35-84% and 10-27%, respectively. Plastic waste accounted for a relatively high proportion of solid waste ranging from 27 to 60% total solid waste by volume and from 7 to 30% by weight. In particular, PET plastic made up the highest proportion of solid waste in Cat Ba town (52.41%) and Tuy Hoa city (39.81%) while single-layer plastic accounted for the highest proportion (29.55%) in Hoi An city. Plastic waste from food packaging, related to the cultural habits of guests that bring instant food items during their stay, was identified as an important issue, which reflects a valuable but presently wasted potential resource. These quantities of hotel solid waste can be recovered and provide additional environmental and health benefits to the community by not being dumped, landfilled, or openly burned.

Assessment of solid waste management practices in Kebridehar city Somali regional state, Ethiopia

In developing countries, solid wastes are not collected and thus discharged into open spaces and drains. The consequences of this event have an impact on human life as well as the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the existing solid waste management practices, as well as sources, types, and determining characteristics of solid waste in the study area. Simple random and purposive sampling methods, respectively, were employed to select 3 sample kebeles and 160 respondents. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 using descriptive statistics and an econometric model. The binomial logistic model was used to determine the factors that influence solid waste management activities. The results indicated that Plastics/bags/bottles, food waste, paper/carton, tins/cans, and glasses were the major types of solid wastes in the study area. The majority (45%) of the respondents identified plastics as the dominated solid waste in Kebridehar city. Gender, marital status, and occupation had insignificant negative effects on solid waste management practice. Age (p = 0.030) and distance (p = 0.000) from the center of town, on the other hand, had statistically significant effects on solid waste management practice. The majority of respondents (76.2%) had not received any information regarding the effects of solid wastes on the environment and human life. Beside this, there were no solid waste public bins within walking distance of their residences. In conclusion, the study found that communities were not aware regarding the impacts of solid wastes on the environment; there were no solid waste public bins near the residence of communities at all. Depending on the major findings of the current study, the authors recommend that the city administration should install trash bins near the residences of the communities. The city municipalities should provide training for the communities regarding environmental and human health, the impacts of the solid wastes.

Upaya Pengelolaan Sampah Berdasarkan Komposisi Sampah Di Kota Mataram

This study aims to analyze the composition of the waste generated by households in the city of Mataram, then calculate the recycling potential of the waste and provide recommendations for efforts to improve waste management in the city of Mataram. The method used is to analyze the composition of household waste by taking samples for eight consecutive days. Meanwhile, to calculate the potential for recycling waste using equation (1). Recommendations for efforts to improve waste management are made based on the results of the analysis of the composition and potential of waste recycling. The result is that the composition of Mataram City waste consists of 13 components of waste and is dominated by organic waste by 64% and in the second place there are other components of waste by 9%. Meanwhile, the components of waste that have the least percentage are metal waste and medical B3 waste, which is 1%. The biggest recycling potential is food waste at 64.35%, the second largest is plastic waste at 8.43%, the third isyard waste at 6.47%, in the fourth position there is paper waste at 2.88%. The improvement of waste management that can be done is to utilize the organic waste produced to be used as compost, biogas and animal feed. Furth rmore, recycle inorganic waste

Appraisal of environmental, ecological and carcinogenic risk due to heavy metals in a sewage and solid waste contaminated area

ABSTRACT Unsystematic use of city waste, sludge and sewage water in agricultural fields elevated the heavy metal load in soil warranting critical introspection. The present study aims to delineate heavy metals in polluted soils of peri-urban Kolkata, determine pollution and ecological risk, assess the heavy metal uptake and human dietary risk in commonly cultivated crops. Total 36 sampling points were selected and paired sampling of soil and crops were done. Significant available heavy metal (mg kg-1) in surface soil like Cd (0.72-3.76), Pb (28.59-87.29), Ni (3.11-8.73), and Cr (2.23-8.43) and in crops as Cd (0.55-2.73), Pb (2.82-29.85), Ni (2.45-8.27) and Cr (0.80-6.85) was observed. Use of machine learning revealed soil pH and organic carbon as the influencing factors of heavy metal contamination. Moderate to considerable environmental and ecological risk was observed. Substantial carcinogenic risk was observed as Cd (1.13x10-3 to 3.77x10-4), Pb (2.75x10-4 to 3.47x10-5), Ni (1.15x10-3 to 1.73x10-4), and Cr (2.78x10-4 to 1.18x10-4), for almost all crops, with a general trend of spinach > cabbage > radish > red amaranthus > bottle gourd > maize. The results can serve as the baseline information to enforce policy decisions for solving this conundrum of managing waste and saving human lives.

Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Circular Economy Promotion Law on the Utilization Rate of Industrial Solid Waste in Resource-Based Cities

In recent decades, the impact of industrial solid waste (ISW) on the environment is arousing the government’s attention. Improving the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW not only reduces environmental pollution, but also promotes the recycling of resources and eases the pressure on resources. This study uses the panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2015 to establish a DID model then empirically analyze the impact of the Circular Economy Promotion Law (CEPL) on the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW in resource-based cities. It was found that implementation of the CEPL improved the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW in resource-based cities. Furthermore, the higher the city’s environmental regulation score, the more obvious the effect of the CEPL on the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW. This study also found that the impact of CEPL on the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW in resource-based cities will change due to variation of city’s type and city’s location. This study not only enriches the theoretical basis for the research on factors affecting ISW management, but also provides new ideas for transforming the ISW management model and realizing a “win-win” between the economy and the ecological environment.

Accelerating sustainability transition in St. Petersburg (Russia) through digitalization-based circular economy in waste recycling industry: A strategy to promote carbon neutrality in era of Industry 4.0

Due to industrialization and economic development, urban expansion in St. Petersburg (Russia) has swelled its solid waste generation. The current waste management system does not meet the city's needs. Fundamental changes are required to accelerate its sustainability transition to achieve the 2030 UN's Sustainable Development Goals . This article critically evaluates and analyzes the existing situation of waste management in St. Petersburg and its role in promoting digitalization-based circular economy . Challenges in waste recycling that prevent it from reforming its waste management are identified. Lessons drawn from Taiwan's prowess in resources recovery are presented to inspire a transformation of its waste sector towards a digitalization. The implications of digitalization on the city's waste recycling industry are elaborated. Before applying digitalization, St. Petersburg encountered challenges such as a lack of proper infrastructure in waste management, low public participation and environmental awareness , technological gaps, and insufficient coordination among its institutions. As one of the world's leaders in waste recycling (65%), Taiwan was selected as a role model for St. Petersburg in improving its waste management. The Island's daily per capita rate decreased by 96% to 0.4 kg in 2015. Taiwan also minimized the amount of waste disposal into landfills to less than 2%, while 80% of its industrial waste was recycled. About 33% of annual waste generation in Taiwan was reduced through “Pay-as-you-throw” policy. The average volume of municipal solid waste generation per capita decreased by 20% to 0.91 kg/day. This suggests that moving towards digitalization has minimized the extraction of raw materials through resource recovery. As implications of digitalization in waste management, the consumption of virgin materials could be lowered by 25% in 2030, while a half of greenhouse gas emissions could be avoided. The World Economic Forum estimated that the circular economy could potentially add USD 700 billion in material savings to global economy. • Taiwan attained the second highest recycling target of 65% after Germany (67%). • Taiwan's ‘Keep Trash off the Ground Policy’ is transferable to St. Petersburg. • Pandemic hastens the transformation of recycling industry through digitalization. • Achieving carbon neutrality requires both economic and technological development. • Consumption of virgin materials could be lowered by 25% in 2030 by adopting CE.

Potential Impact of Municipal Solid Waste: Case Study of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

This study was carried out to determine the potential impact of municipal solid waste in Bahir Dar city. The disposal of municipal solid waste in an open dumpsite in Bahir Dar has an environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, and leachate. The quantity of greenhouse gases emitted from the open dumpsite of Bahir Dar city was determined by using IPCC default method. Currently around 148 tons/day waste is generated from Bahir Dar city and from these waste 58% of the waste is disposed into open dump site. From the waste disposal site 46Gg/year of greenhouse gas is emitted. The molecular formula that was determined from organic waste of the city is C24H36O13N. By using this molecular formula of the organic waste, the theoretical oxygen demand becomes 38.75 and then the eutrophication potential of organic waste generated from Bahirdar city was 0.0594 Kg N-equivalent or 59.4g N-equivalent. The average annual leachate resulting from the waste reaches 1,112mm per day. Bahir Dar city should start to implement 3R (Reduction, Reuse and Recycling) solid waste management options in order to reduce potential environmental impacts. For more investigation quantification of the other impacts associated with municipal solid waste is recommended.

The Foraging of Birds on Waste-dumps in the Campus of Yaounde University II, Centre Region, Cameroon

Foraging of wild birds on city waste dumps is one of the most popular forms of human–wildlife interactions in the world. The extensive bird-habitat destruction for urban development has restricted wild-bird feeding to city waste-dumps in most communities in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to examine the importance of waste-dump ecology on wild-bird feeding. The research area was divided into four zones, north, south, east, and west for an effective data collection program. More so, four dumpsites were randomly selected from each zone and were visited twice a week for research data collection. On the dumps, observations were done from 7:00am – 6:00pm, and the activities of all the bird species observed were recorded during the period. Additionally, the ecological conditions like the weather changes, photo-period, weight estimate of dumps, proximity of dump to residential homes, major dump materials were recorded simultaneously. The results of the study has shown a positive significant correlation on bird species and dump location r = 0.756, P = 0.000. The study observed a dominant population of Ploceus luteolus 31% and Ploceus cucullatus 31%, compared to Corvus albus 17%, Lonchura fringilloide s 17%, and Pycnonotus barbatus 4% on dumpsites. There was a significance between dump location and proximity to buildings X 2 = 277.057 df=9, P=0.000. The western flank location was richer in waste fragments 31% compared to northern 25%, southern 22% and western flanks 22% respectively. A positive significant correlation was recorded on foraging intensity and bird species X 2 = 26.768 df=8, P=0.001. There was a significance on weather changes and bird-foraging intensity X 2 = 10.221 df=6, P&lt;0.05. The sunny weather received the highest foraging activity engagement 52%, compared to wind 24%, cloud 19%, and rain 5% respectively. A positive significance was also witnessed between weather changes and bird-foraging intensity X 2 = 10.221 df=6, P&lt;0.05. Weather conditions such as heavy rainfall have played a significant role in reducing or halting the foraging activity of wildlife. Waste-dump ecosystem many cities has immensely contributed to the foraging of birds and their population increase. The foraging on available food fragments on waste-dumps has long been a relief strategies in the population increase of wild-city birds. University of Yaoundé II is rich in food subsidies for wild-bird feeding, a situation that has increased the population of wild birds in the university campus. Keywords: Foraging, Wild-birds, Waste-dumps, Atmospheric changes, University campus DOI: 10.7176/ALST/94-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2022

A Study on the Willingness of Industrial Ecological Transformation from China's Zero Waste Cities Perspective.

Based on the practice of a circular economy, China officially put forward the goal of building a “Zero Waste City” in 2018 and has formulated a series of measures to promote energy savings and emissions reduction in various sectors among which industry has received key attention due to its long-term high energy consumption and high pollution. The growth of an urban economy cannot be supported by industry, but the high energy consumption and high pollution of industry have become the keys to urban environmental management, and the need for ecological transformation of industry is very urgent. Based on the construction background of zero waste cities in China, this study analyzes the transformation factors of industrial producers’ willingness to make ecological transformation. The factors that influence industrial producers to make ecological transformation are perception of participation, perception of cost, perception of identity, and perception of government intervention. These factors have a positive moderating effect on the adoption of transformation strategies by industrial producers among which the perception of government involvement also plays a mediating role and has an important influence on the promotion of active ecological transformation by industrial producers.

Analysis on Waste to Energy Potential of Padang Municipal Solid Waste for Sustainable Future

Reduce, reuse, recycle (3R), and recovery are types of waste processing regulated in Law No. 18 of 2008. One form of recovery is Waste to Energy (WtE) which is one of the national development priorities. Currently, the implementation of 3R is less than 5% and it has not been implemented at all in Padang City. Therefore, this current research studies the WtE potential of Padang municipal solid waste. The research was conducted by collecting data on the population of Padang City, the generation, composition, and recycling potential of Padang City waste, and the calorific value of each waste composition. This research applies thermal incineration technology with three variations of scenarios. Scenario #1 is a WtE application with 3R based on existing conditions, scenario #2 is a WtE application with 3R based on government targets, and scenario #3 is a WtE application with 3R based on the results of the questionnaire. Scenario #2 is the best one because it considers the WtE idea and community-based 3R recycling in line and continues for better waste management in Padang City. The scenario may produce 394.23 MW of electricity that can serve around 1,329 houses, while also improving the 3R rate of around 1.98% per year.

Exemplifying the Zero Waste Concept in smart cities

Due to the environmental imbalance on our planet, the concept of zero waste is gaining importance day by day. It is particularly important in the aspect of production and consumption cycle management and responsible waste management in urban space. The aim of this article is to exemplify methods of reducing waste in smart cities according to the author's Waste Management for Generation, Environment, and Gains (WM2GEG) scheme. An additional aim was to select the most effective ways of rational waste management in smart cities. A structured interview method was used to collect data, and the research sample was selected using the Smart City Index 2020. The study identified environmentally and socially friendly and economically beneficial methods of rational waste management, such as composting organic waste, creating underground waste containers, and incinerating waste with energy recovery. Specific ways to reduce waste are also presented, such as banning disposable packaging and obtaining energy from renewable sources.

Improvement of Black Cotton Soil Using Waste Plastic Bottle Strips

Stabilization of soil can be done in various ways such as mechanical stabilization, chemical stabilization, and by using other improvement techniques. Use and throw plastic becomes a serious issue as it develops man made hazards. One example is that of Mumbai city floods and waste products. The other issue is that plastic lasts in the environment for hundreds of years, hence pollution remains a problem. Therefore, in the present study, stabilization of soil is done by using locally available plastic waste bottles. These are used in the form of strips by cutting the bottles into strips of six of dimensions 5 mm X 7 mm. Soil samples were collected from Dharwad, Karnataka and their engineering and indexed properties were tested. The soil type used in this project is black cotton soil and it is also known as expansive soil. Testing was done with different plastic waste contents like 0% (without plastic), 2%, 3%, and 5% of weight of dry soil. The main objective of this study was improving properties of soil in an economical way, reducing environmental pollution, and minimizing the problems of plastic waste disposal.