City Waste Research Articles

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Sampah Tempat Sementara di Kota Kupang menggunakan Metode Topsis

Temporary waste management in the city of Kupang is an urgent problem to ensure a clean and healthy environment. Selecting the right location for a temporary waste bin is an important step in efficient waste management. In this context, Decision Support Systems (DSS) can provide valuable assistance in the decision-making process. This research proposes a Decision Support System for Selection of Temporary Waste Bins using the TOPSIS Method. The TOPSIS method (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is an effective method for overcoming multi-criteria decision-making problems. This system will integrate various factors such as distance to settlements, population density, accessibility, and other environmental factors to evaluate and select optimal temporary waste bins. This decision support system will provide stakeholders, including city governments, waste management authorities, and the community, with tools that can be used to make more informed decisions in determining the location of temporary waste bins. The results of the Decision Support System analysis will provide recommendations based on the level of preference for the specified criteria, enabling stakeholders to make more informed and sustainable decisions in city waste management. It is hoped that this research can help improve efficiency in temporary waste management in Kupang City and has the potential to become a model for other cities that face similar challenges in waste management.

The Processing of Household Waste by Residents of Griya Serpong Housing Complex, Serpong Sub-District, South Tangerang, Indonesia, in Compliance With Law Number 18 of 2008 and Law Number 32 of 2018

The Waste Management Law Number 18 of 2008 mandates waste management at various levels, including producers, communities, industrial areas, traditional markets, and malls. Local government administrations in regencies and cities need to create or revise regional regulations (Perda) and design a communal-based waste management masterplan. Until now, waste management has largely been centralized, with an open dumping system at the final disposal site, which ended in 2013. There are three forms of urban waste management: centralization, decentralization, and centralization-decentralization. An ideal waste management pattern is neither purely centralized nor decentralized, but rather a combination of both. Organic Waste Management Facilities (OWMF) are established at the source of dominant waste generation (initial stage), with a recycling system similar to City Waste Management Facilities (CWMF) to support and assist in marketing the products of the OWMF established by Joint Business Groups (KUB) formed by the community, known as the "self-sustaining concept." Addressing the waste problem requires an examination of the current waste management practices to identify areas where improvements and enhancements can be made, so that only waste that truly cannot be recycled ends up in the final disposal site, such as hazardous waste (B3) that is incinerated directly. This research aims to provide a solution to the waste disposal issue, which is largely centralized in Indonesia.

Enhancing Smart City Waste Management through LBBOA based RIAN Classification

Effective trash management has become a top environmental priority, especially in urban areas with significant population growth where garbage output is on the rise. As cities work to manage garbage properly, innovative waste management programmes have the potential to increase effectiveness, cut costs, and improve the aesthetic appeal of public places. This article introduces SCM-RIAN, a powerful "Smart City Management and Classification System" built on the Internet of Things (IoT) and deep learning (DL) technologies. Convolutional neural networks are used in the garbage classification model that is implemented within this smart city management and classification framework. This system for classifying waste is intended to categorise rubbish into several classes at waste collection sites, encouraging recycling. The Rotation-Invariant Attention Network (RIAN) is a unique approach presented for the categorization process to address a prevalent problem in smart city management (SCM). A Centre Spectral Attention (CSpeA) module built within RIAN isolates spectral bands from other categories of pixels' influence, reducing redundancy. As an alternative to the conventional 3 3 convolution, to obtain rotation-invariant spectral-spatial data contained in SCM patches, the Rectified Spatial Attention (RSpaA) module is also introduced. The suggested RIAN for SCM classification is built on the integration of the CSpeA, 11 convolution, and RSpaA modules. The Ladybird Beetle Optimisation Algorithm (LBBOA) is used to optimise hyperparameters. With improved results compared to other current models, this suggested SCM-RIAN achieved 98.12% accuracy (ACC) with high sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPEC), and kappa index (KI) using the garbage classification dataset.

Nitrogen flows with its yearly change and magnitude in urban waste in Tokyo: Implications for nitrogen management

Urban areas are nitrogen (N) hotspots due to rapid urbanization compared to rural areas. Tokyo, as a typical urbanized city, represents an ideal model for analyzing N flows and the emissions of reactive N compounds (Nrs). As the first analysis of N flows in urban waste in Japan, this study calculated N inflow, stock, and outflow of Tokyo's 20 urban wastes (2000–2018), providing insights into their magnitudes and yearly changes. Results show that the total N inflow decreased from 66.26 to 64.71 Gg N yr−1 indicating a decline of 2.3 %. The average annual Nrs emissions including NH3, N2O, and NOx were calculated as 15.28 Gg N yr −1 (2015–2018). Sewage sludge N represented 57 % of the total N inflow, and its incineration contributed significantly to Nrs emissions. Our findings have significant implications for the sustainable management of N in urban waste in Tokyo and other Asian cities.

Urban Construction Waste Recycling Path: Robust Optimization

The world produces a huge amount of urban construction waste each year. Scientific planning of the construction waste recycling path is urgently needed to improve the recycling of construction waste. Existing construction waste recycling models do not pay sufficient attention to the uncertainty of the recycling quantity, which limits their ability to provide support for solving practical problems. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of uncertain recycling quantities in optimizing the urban construction waste recycling path. Thus, this paper first builds a recycling model for a deterministic environment with the economic objective as the decision criterion and the transportation flow, construction waste treatment capacity and capability, and environmental and social impact as the constraints. Then, a robust optimization method is adopted to optimize the deterministic model for the uncertainty of the recycling quantity. The data of this paper are from Nanjing, China. The validity of the model and the evolution of the recycling path are tested based on the data of Nanjing. The findings of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the robust model is cost-effective in the face of uncertainty in supply. Secondly, the robust model has greater total treatment capacity. Even in the worst-case scenario, it can guarantee a higher treatment capacity. Thirdly, both models follow the proximity principle which reduces the transportation costs and only slowly increases the total cost of the robust model. This paper provides a scientific and convenient tool to plan the recycling path of construction waste in large cities.

Reclamation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Soil Amendments and Native Plant Species

Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the top contaminants of the natural environment with serious concern worldwide due to their effects on soil, water, and surroundings. A two-year field experiment was implemented to evaluate reclamation of hydrocarbon contaminated (diesel fuel, crude oil) soils in central Alberta Canada using amendments (20% city waste compost, ammonium sulphate inorganic fertilizer) and seeding with a native grass mix. Soils amended with compost or compost-fertilizer had the greatest vegetation cover and biomass and lowest hydrocarbon concentrations at the end of the study. Fertilizer treatments had less vegetation cover and higher hydrocarbon concentrations, which were similar to the no amendment treatment. Seeding with native grasses had no effect on hydrocarbon degradation or total canopy cover, although vegetation composition showed some effect. Seeding increased cover of perennial native grasses in all amendment treatments, with greatest cover in compost and compost-fertilizer amended soils. Within two years after reclamation concentrations of F2 (carbon length > C10–C16) and F4 (>C34–C60) hydrocarbons in crude oil contaminated soils were below Canadian guidelines. Overall, compost was an effective amendment for reclamation of diesel fuel and crude oil contaminated soils and seeding was beneficial for reducing cover of non-native forbs. Fertilizer addition to compost may not enhance revegetation and remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils.

Efficient solid waste inspection through drone‐based aerial imagery and TinyML vision model

AbstractSolid waste management is a significant challenge in the development of smart cities. Existing approaches for solid waste monitoring are often time‐consuming and resource intensive. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach to solid waste monitoring that utilizes drone technology. The proposed method enables the efficient identification and classification of waste objects in the garbage discovered by the drone. This system can inspect every part of a smart city from a remote location, allowing for the timely and effective management of solid waste. Thus, the proposed system can be easily integrated in the existing waste management system for smart city. The drone‐based solid waste monitoring system comprises a drone equipped with a computer vision model for resource‐constrained devices and a software application that operates the drone and analyzes the captured image or video. The system utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) to upload the collected data to the cloud, making it easily accessible whenever necessary. The proposed drone‐based solid waste monitoring system is a promising solution for the efficient and cost‐effective management of solid waste in smart cities. The system's innovative use of drone technology and IoT provides a scalable and adaptable solution that can be customized to meet the needs of any city.

A participatory waste policy reform for the hotel sector: evidence of a progressive Pay-As-You-Throw tariff

The hotel industry is increasingly developing voluntary measures to tackle waste generation, but they fall short of the problems faced by municipal waste services in many tourist destinations. This paper exemplifies how a collaboratively designed waste tariff reform for hotels in a tourism-intensive municipality can achieve a sustainable waste management system through stronger collective action, involving not only the hotel sector but also the city council and waste management companies. The co-created Pay-As-You-Throw tariff meets the demands of the stakeholders by establishing a progressive waste charge that penalizes hotels based on their waste generation intensity, defined as the ratio between waste flows and size. In addition, a competition system is introduced by imposing penalties (or rewards) according to whether the waste generation intensity is above (or below) the sector average during the settlement period, incentivizing waste prevention, recycling and encouraging long-term investment in sustainable waste management. The tariff is consistent with the principles of the EU’s Circular Economy Package and offers hotels a competitive advantage, while ensuring a progressive waste charging system and waste management cost recovery. Empirical results of the co-created tariff show a reduction in waste generation intensity and signs of increased recycling rates.

Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal and Management Challenges in Major Cities in Nigeria: A Case Study of Uyo, Nigeria

Open dumpsites are common features in cities in developing countries of the world, Nigeria inclusive. The wastes disposed of in these dumpsites can cause a number of public and environmental health risks including surface and groundwater pollution. The objectives of this research are to examine the causes and challenges facing the disposal and management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in major cities in Nigeria, with a view to proffering sanitary or scientific-based solutions to this problem. The method adopted was in-site observation of notorious dumpsites in the study area, interview with stakeholders, discussion with residents around the dumpsites and review of relevant literatures. The result of the investigation shows that unguided disposal and management of municipal solid waste are basically associated with lack of public awareness programmes, limitation in access to effective policies and enforcement on the part of the people and the government respectively, lack of qualified waste workers, poor funding, lack of biological and mechanical waste treatment plants/facilities, and non-usage of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Schemes and community-based approaches in tackling the problem in an holistic manner. The study suggests new approaches that could be used to achieve sustainable and effective waste disposal and management which would support government’s effort in improving solid waste management in Nigeria.

Effectiveness of the Implementation of Semarang Mayor Regulation Number 27 of 2019 on Plastic Usage Control in Semarang City Area

This article is based on the existence of plastic which is one of the wastes from appropriate technology that is often used by humans.Focus in this article about amount to increase plastic waste in Semarang city over 3 years and implementation of regulation for all subyect bussiness targets in Semarang City. Therefore, this regulations are formed to reduce the generation of consume plastics in Semarang City. The purpose of this study is to determine to effectiveness of implementation of the mayor regulation of the city of semarang number 27 of 2019 as an effort to reduce consume plastic for to reduce the amount plastic waste in Semarang City. The legal research method used is empirical with the legal data analysis method that is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research are the conclusion is that the implementation of Semarang Mayor Regulation no. 27 of 2019 because there has been no reduction in the amount of plastic waste generated in Semarang City in 2019 -2020.

Evaluation of Waste Management Performance in Pariaman City Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Pariaman City's waste generation in 2022 is 38.26 tons/day. Waste management in Pariaman City is still not optimal, resulting in waste piling up in TPA South Tungkal. The waste reduction value at the research location after processing with BSF larvae can reduce 0.005 tons/day or 0.02% of the total waste generation in Pariaman City. The environmental impacts in waste management studied are Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). Reducing the environmental impact of processing organic waste has been carried out, the smallest impact reduction results were obtained, namely in scenario 1, namely processing organic waste with BSF larvae in waste banks and TPS 3R. The results obtained were the impact characterization value from comparing several impact categories. GWP value 32,060,838.136 103 kg CO2-eq, AP 0.00246 x103 SO2-eq, and EP 0.00134 x103 kg PO4-3. So it can be concluded that scenario 1 has a smaller GWP, AP, and EP impact on the environment compared to scenario 0 and is used as the best alternative scenario for waste management in Pariaman City

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SEVASTOPOL

One of the trends in municipal solid waste (MSW) management is the phased implementation of the Zero Waste concept based on the separate waste collection and its subsequent processing into useful products and expanding its reuse. This concept can be implemented within the municipal waste flow management, where it is relevant to search for low-cost ways to reduce the volume of deposited waste in conditions of limited funding. The paper examines the problems of managing municipal waste flows using the example of Sevastopol. Elements of the promising structural and technological scheme for the selective waste collection were developed, and strategic goals for managing municipal solid waste in a federal city were determined. Economic and infrastructural barriers that prevent the expansion of the range of materials and raw materials isolated from MSW were revealed. It is recommended to increase the volume of processed organic waste to produce compost: implementation of technologies for anaerobic biofermentation of organic components of MSW that are capable of biological decomposition, technologies for aerobic biofermentation of garden waste (green waste) mixed with municipal sewage sludge; thermal processing of alternative fuels from waste with heat recovery and full use of the waste energy resource using environmentally friendly and waste-free technologies.

Theoretical analysis of the selective collection process in the city of Manaus

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the selective waste collection process in the city of Manaus. The methodology adopted follows a qualitative approach, employing investigative resources derived from bibliographical and documentary research. The overall objective of this study is to comprehend, verify, and describe the operational aspects of the selective waste collection process in Manaus. By examining existing literature and relevant documents, the study aims to gain insights into the functioning and effectiveness of the city's waste collection system. The analysis will contribute to the understanding of key factors that influence the success of selective collection initiatives, providing valuable information for future urban waste management strategies. The findings may pave the way for sustainable waste management practices in Manaus and serve as a reference for other cities facing similar challenges.

Assessment of gas generation and energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Kanpur city, India.

The study reported herein presents the methane generation potential from municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Kanpur city using four established methods, namely: the IPCC Default Method (DM), EPER Germany, The IPCC First Order Decay (FOD) method, and the Modified Triangular Method (MTM). Results revealed that the average maximum and minimum emissions with respect to total MSW generated and considered over the study period were obtained in the IPCC Default Method (19.17Gg/year) and the MTM (1.00Gg/year), respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis carried out revealed that the MTM method is the least uncertain method in predicting the methane emissions. Energy generation using the Yedla method and the Stoichiometric method was also carried out, highlighting the potential for energy recovery using methane emissions. The total energy generation potential using the Yedla method over the entire study period was determined to be 924 TJ, with an increased potential of 30% between the periods of 2022 to 2031. According to the study, there exists significant potential for effectively managing the greenhouse gas emissions from open dumpsite by harnessing the methane produced and using it for energy generation.

Prioritizing action plans to save resources and better achieve municipal solid waste management KPIs: An urban case study

ABSTRACT The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in cities is one of the most complex tasks facing local administrations. For this reason, waste management performance measurement structures are increasingly implemented at local and national levels. These performance structures usually contain strategic objectives and associated action plans, as well as key performance indicators (KPIs) for organizations investing their resources in action plans. This study presents the results of applying a methodology to find a quantitative-based prioritization of MSW action plans for the City Council of Castelló de la Plana in Spain. In doing so, cause-effect relationships between the KPIs have been identified by applying the principal component analysis technique, and from these relationships it was possible to identify those action plans which should be addressed first to manage public services more efficiently. This study can be useful as a tool for local administrations when addressing the actions included in their local waste plans as it can lead to financial savings. Implications: This paper introduces and implements a methodology that uses principal component analysis to analyze real data from waste management KPIs and provide municipal solid waste managers with a decision-making tool for prioritizing action plans. The methodology saves financial resources and time, as well as reinforcing the probability of reaching the meta values of the main performance system KPIs.

Public toilets have reduced enteric pathogen hazards in San Francisco

Uncontained fecal wastes in cities may present exposure risks to the public. We collected discarded feces from public spaces in San Francisco, CA for analysis by RT-qPCR for a range of enteric pathogens. Out of 59 samples, we found 12 (20%) were of human origin and 47 (80%) were non-human; 30 of 59 stools were positive for ≥1 of the 35 pathogens assessed, including pathogenic E. coli, Shigella, norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Trichuris. Using quantitative enteric pathogen estimates and data on observed fecal waste from a public reporting system, we modeled pathogens removed from the environment attributable to a recently implemented program of public toilet construction. We estimated that each new public toilet reduced the annual number of enteric pathogens released into the immediate environment (within 500 m walking distance), including 6.3 x 1012 enteropathogenic E. coli (95% CI: 4.0 x 1012–7.9 x 1012), 3.2 x 1011 enteroaggregative E. coli (95% CI: 1.3 x 1011–6.3 x 1011), and 3.2 x 108 Shigella (6.3 x 107–2.5 x 109). Improving access to public sanitation can reduce enteric pathogen hazards in cities. Interventions must also consider the hygienic disposal of animal waste to reduce microbial hazards with zoonotic infection potential.

Coastal City and Zero Waste Masterplan: Exploring a Strategy of Resilience and Inclusion

The Covid-19 pandemic has once again caused citizens around the world to attach importance to the urgency of the waste management crisis and the need for environmental action in general, and this should act as a wake-up call for taking the boundary between human consumption of non-sustainable activities and the capacity of the natural environment seriously. Governments in the Netherlands and Japan designed and implemented policies to facilitate the transition to a circular economy and to promote sustainable waste management. This paper reviews waste management policies and practices in the two countries, explores a circular economy strategy based on coastal cities, using examples of different zero waste cities to examine how coastal cities have adapted to the zero waste masterplan.

A mass conspiracy to feed people. Food Not Bombs and the world‐class waste of global cities. By David BoarderGilles, Durham NC and London: Duke University Press. 2021. 300 + xvi pp. ISBN: 9781478013495 (hardback), 9781478014416 (paperback) US$29.95, 9781478021711 (ebook)

A mass conspiracy to feed people. Food Not Bombs and the world‐class waste of global cities. By David BoarderGilles, Durham NC and London: Duke University Press. 2021. 300 + xvi pp. ISBN: 9781478013495 (hardback), 9781478014416 (paperback) US$29.95, 9781478021711 (ebook)

Plastic waste: assessment of the prosesses of its formation and management in the North-Western Black Sea Coast Regions

Plastic waste represents a specific component within the municipal solid waste structure because of the peculiarities of its formation, possibility of reuse and ecological consequences of environmental pollution. In particular, growing consumption of plastic is accompanied by a constant level of recycling (4-8%). This leads to accumulation of plastic waste in the environment. The article presents data on the content of plastic waste in the municipal solid waste of Ukrainian cities. According to the data the content of plastic waste within the municipal solid waste amounts to 10-12%. Plastic waste is mainly represented by polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate (more than 60%). It was discovered that plastic recycling companies import almost a third of recycled materials from Europe, while almost 84% of plastic is still ends brought to landfills. The analysis of the situation with separate collection of the municipal solid waste in the North-Western Black Sea Coast Region (namely Odesa, Mykolaiv and Kherson Regions) indicates a low level of secondary raw materials extraction. It is also exacerbated by the fact that only 75% of the population receives services for centralized collection of the municipal solid waste. It is estimated that almost 160,000 tons of plastic waste were brought to the landfills of Odesa Region in 2019. This volume is equal to the workload of existing plastic processing enterprises of Ukraine. So, as exemplified by Odesa Region, the research aimed at assessing the resource potential of plastic waste by main categories and in terms of clustering of the region, in accordance with the Regional Waste Management Plan project. It also describes the environmental consequences of leaving waste plastic materials in the environment – contamination with microplastics and formation of persistent organic pollutants. Moreover, it indicates that the municipal plastic waste is a significant source for such substances formation during thermal and mechanical destruction processes taking place within a landfill's body or marine environment. The research analyzes the main reasons for a low level of plastic waste use in the region. One of them is a lack of conditions allowing the citizens to collect plastic waste separately from the rest of their waste.

Cognitive cloud framework for waste dumping analysis using deep learning vision computing in healthy environment

Increased population and usage of more unnatural particles create dangerous waste in society. Environmental Sustainability is ensured based on proper waste management solutions. There is a need for real-time monitoring of waste dumping in the respective area to alert the individual management team to control it. We specifically investigated a solution to the issue of preventing the illegal disposal of waste in smart cities. In this regard, we will discuss the working model of an automatic visual identification and warning system. The proposed method uses cognitive computing technologies to analyze films taken by cameras located in metropolitan areas. To locate huge trash waste where it shouldn't be and alert the municipality to the situation. Initially, the proposed method develops the application prototype. Next, the Deep learning method Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) MobileNet v2 is used to detect bulky waste data. Finally, the CNN method classifies the data and triggers the alarm system. The alarm system alerts the municipality with warning sounds to remove waste dumping. The proposed method provides an intelligent waste management system and a healthy environment. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the suggested strategy yields a superior outcome.