Volleyball Players Research Articles

The Effect of Two Different Recovery Methods on Muscle Damage after High-Intensity Exercise

The study aims to determine which of the two recovery methods would be more appropriate after high-intensity exercise. Eight professional volleyball players participate in this research. Firstly, the muscle damage exercise protocol was applied to the athletes participating in the research, and then the Cold Water Immersion (CWI) protocol was applied as a recovery method. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine Kinase (CK) blood samples were taken from the athletes in resting conditions and 2 hours and 24 hours after CWI. Ten days later, the muscle damage exercise protocol was reapplied to the same group of athletes, the Massage protocol was used as a recovery method, and blood samples were taken again in a similar way. To compare the AST, LDH and CK changes of the athletes participating in the research, the two-way analysis of variance test was used in repeated measurements. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the dissimilarities between CWI and massage groups. According to the results of the research; It was determined that there were significant differences at the p<0.05 level for the AST and LDH variable between the measurement values of massage and CWI (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between massage and CWI for CK value. The use of recovery methods after exercise is relatively significant for athletes. Following the consequences of the research, was observed that the muscle damage of the athletes who received massage treatment was lower than those who were applied CWI.

Validation of assessments to accurately analyze the body composition of highly trained sitting volleyball players: A pilot study

Body composition is a fundamental component of physical fitness related to the performance of Sitting volleyball (SV) players. Also, establishing the best method for evaluating the body composition of these para-athletes would be highly necessary for this field. The purpose of this study was (1) to describe the body composition of male and female highly trained SV players, (2) to compare the values obtained from this population by two different methods and (3) to establish validity on one of these methods. Thirteen Brazilian SV national team players (five males and eight females) participated in this study. The air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) method as the criterion assessment and the skinfolds (SF) method were conducted for each player. Results showed that there were no significant differences between the values of all players, which ADP and SF measured for body fat percentage (BF%) and body density (BD) (p > 0.05). We found significantly different values between male and female players for BF% by SF (p = 0.04) and BD by SF (p = 0.04). A high degree of reliability was found between ADP and SF measures for BF% and BD. There were statistically significant positive correlations between BF% and BD in all values for both methods (p < 0.01). This pilot study suggests that considering the magnitude of space, expense, and other limitations related to the ADP method against the SF method, we recommend using the SF method, which is a valid, viable and reliable method for measuring body composition in elite SV players.

The effect of flywheel complex training with eccentric-overload on muscular adaptation in elite female volleyball players.

This study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks (24 sessions) between flywheel complex training with eccentric overload and traditional complex training of well-trained volleyball players on muscle adaptation, including hypertrophy, strength, and power variables. Fourteen athletes were recruited and randomly divided into the flywheel complex training with an eccentric-overload group (FCTEO, n=7) and the control group (the traditional complex training group, TCT, n=7). Participants performed half-squats using a flywheel device or Smith machine and drop jumps, with three sets of eight repetitions and three sets of 12 repetitions, respectively. The variables assessed included the muscle thickness at the proximal, mid, and distal sections of the quadriceps femoris, maximal half-squats strength (1RM-SS), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and three-step approach jump (AJ). In addition, a two-way repeated ANOVA analysis was used to find differences between the two groups and between the two testing times (pre-test vs. post-test). The indicators of the FCTEO group showed a significantly better improvement (p<0.05) in CMJ (height: ES = 0.648, peak power: ES = 0.750), AJ (height: ES = 0.537, peak power: ES = 0.441), 1RM-SS (ES = 0.671) compared to the TCT group and the muscle thicknes at the mid of the quadriceps femoris (ES = 0.504) after FCTEO training. Since volleyball requires lower limb strength and explosive effort during repeated jumps and spiking, these results suggest that FCTEO affects muscular adaptation in a way that improves performance in well-trained female volleyball players.

Assessing Jump Performance: Intra- and Interday Reliability and Minimum Difference of Countermovement Jump and Drop Jump Outcomes, Kinetics, Kinematics, and Jump Strategy

Understanding the reliability of jump testing is essential to determine the neuromuscular progress of athletes and make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess the reliability of several countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) test metrics in female volleyball players. Sixteen (n = 16) semi-professional female volleyball players participated in this test-retest study. Intrasession and intersession reliability of CMJ and DJ metrics were evaluated using a randomized cross-over design. A dual force platform was used to collect CMJ and DJ data, and several dependent variables were calculated using forward dynamics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV), and minimum difference (MD) were calculated to assess intra- and interday reliability. During the same testing, the third attempt consistently yielded the highest values for both tests in jump height but presented excellent reliability (CMJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.97 [0.93–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 4.1% [1.2–7.0]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 2.9 cm; DJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.77–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 6.7% [1.9–11.5]; MD95 = 6.0 cm; MD90 = 5.0 cm). CMJ height exhibited excellent reliability between sessions (ICC [95%CI] = 0.93 [0.81–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.8% [1.1–6.4]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 3.0 cm), whereas DJ height demonstrated slightly lower but still acceptable intersession reliability (ICC [95%CI] = 0.81 [0.55–0.93]; CV [95%CI] = 6.1% [1.7–10.4]; MD95 = 5.2 cm; MD90 = 4.4 cm). Intersession reliability for CMJ kinetics and kinematics was excellent for 13 of the 24 metrics assessed. For DJ, only concentric (ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.76–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.0% [0.9–5.2]; MD95 = 15 Ns; MD90 = 12.6 Ns) and eccentric impulses (ICC [95%CI] = 0.99 [0.96–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 1.7% [0.5–2.9]; MD95 = 9.2 Ns; MD90 = 7.7 Ns) demonstrated excellent intersession reliability. Most CMJ variables showed excellent reliability within sessions, while DJ had lower reliability in most metrics. These findings provide valuable information to physical trainers to select the metrics to assess athletes’ performance as well as to identify a minimum cut-off value that serves as a reference for each of the metrics reported in both tests.

Level of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players

In modern volleyball, the physical training of athletes acquires special importance in connection with the expansion of the range of game actions, the increase in the tension of the game, which requires maximum physical effort from athletes in situations that change quickly on the volleyball court.&#x0D; The purpose of the work is to determine the level of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players based on the results of pedagogical testing.&#x0D; Research results. The study was conducted at Polis National University (10 team players, trainer-teacher: A. P. Denisovets). Pedagogical testing was conducted, in which 10 volleyball players of the student team took part. In the pedagogical testing, the following control exercises were used to assess the development of motor skills: long jump from a standing position, jumping up from a standing position, jumping up from a running run according to Abalakov), bending and extending the arms in a resting position while lying down, lifting the trunk into a sitting position from a lying position, throwing stuffed ball weighing 1 kg, "shuttle" run 4×9 m and a combined test.&#x0D; The results of the study indicate that volleyball players have different levels of physical fitness. The results of hand and static dynamometry show that the highest indicators are observed in players who perform the role of the first pace, followed by players of the second pace. Linking players have a lower level of physical fitness.&#x0D; Based on a study of the physical development of volleyball players, it was established that their average body length was 185 cm, and their average weight was 75 kg. First pace players had a height advantage compared to other playing roles, although libero players were shorter compared to other players. These data indicate a tendency to favor tall players in the formation of teams, regardless of their qualification and competition rank.&#x0D; Conclusions. The conducted research will enable specialists and coaches to determine the optimal ways of planning to improve indicators of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players, both during educational and training sessions of groups improving the sportsmanship of students and highly qualified athletes at all stages of multi-year improvement.

Optimization of the training load of young volleyball players of different ages on the direction and degree of coordination complexity

The purpose of the work: to determine ways to optimize the training load of young volleyball players of different ages on the direction and degree of coordination complexity. Research methodology: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodical literature, program documents. Scientific novelty: a method of optimization of criteria for evaluation of coordination complexity of exercises in combination with determination of their volume and intensity has been developed. It reveals regularities of planning the development of motor qualities of young volleyball players of all ages on the basis of taking into account their growth rates. The reliability of the concept of training transmission, which is based on changing the relationship between motor qualities in age dynamics, has been proven. Findings. The presented method of optimization of criteria of assessment of coordination complexity of exercises in combination with determination of their volume and intensity will allow coaches to improve the management and control of training loads of young volleyball players and to avoid mistakes in their planning for a certain period. The presence of a growth rate of motor quality more than 3% indicates its sensitive period and the appropriateness of allocating up to 30% of the learning time for its improvement. The average level of activity is 2% of the growth, and it is recommended to allocate 20% of the school time per year. At a low level of activity, it is recommended to devote 10% of the time in the learning process to the development of this quality. The concept of «training transfer» is based on changing the relationship of motor qualities in age dynamics.

The Physical Benefits of Sports, Basis for Enhanced Sports Program

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis by investigating the impact of sports activities on university students' daily lives and their promotional benefits in public awareness and community events. The findings reveal that students generally perceive positive influences in physical, mental, economic, and value integration domains due to sports activities. In the physical domain, students believe that sports make their daily routines more active, and gym fitness is both enjoyable and beneficial. Regarding mental health, students experience a relaxing feeling, enhanced concentration, and the development of positive values through sports. In the economic domain, students see opportunities, networking skills, and improved job prospects resulting from sports involvement. Analyzing the impact based on gender and age indicates no significant differences in most domains. However, variations exist in sports types, particularly in the mental health domain, where volleyball players show higher scores than football players. Furthermore, the study highlights the positive promotional benefits of sports in public awareness campaigns and fun community events. Students recognize the contribution of sports to health awareness, community engagement, and the attraction of external participants. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of sports activities for the holistic development of university students. Practical recommendations are provided for the planning and promotion of university sports activities based on the study's outcomes.

An Analysis Comparing Aggression Levels among Female National Volleyball and Netball Athletes in Sri Lanka

Aggression is an important psychological component that cannot be overlooked when it comes to increasing physical performance, particularly in invasion sports. This research was conducted with the intention of determining the extent of the violent behavior exhibited by the female national netball and volleyball players belonging to Sri Lanka. For the purpose of this study, fifteen female volleyball players and ten female netball players from national teams participated. The data was collected through the use of a standardized and systematic questionnaire, and the findings were analyzed through the application of statistical analysis using SPSS. A two-sample t-test and descriptive statistics were utilized in order to conduct the analysis of the data. The study found that the mean aggressiveness scores for the two national teams were 84.06 and 88.9, respectively. These values were based on aggression. According to the findings of the study, the levels of hostility exhibited by the female players on the country's national teams for netball and volleyball did not differ substantially from one another (p-value = 0.577). According to the findings of the study, the levels of aggressiveness exhibited by both teams were satisfactory, and there was no obvious difference in the levels of aggression exhibited by the female national members of Sri Lanka's netball and volleyball teams. An examination of the psychological situations of athletes and the implementation of strategies to optimize player psychology in order to increase athletic performance are both highlighted by the findings, which show the relevance of these two aspects.

Voleybolcularda Addüktör Kas Grubuna Uygulanan Kinezyolojik Bantlamanın Endurans, Güç ve Çeviklik Üzerine Akut Etkisi

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the acute effect of kinesiology taping (KT) to the hip adductor muscle group (AMG) on endurance, strength and agility in female volleyball players (VP). Materials and Methods: Thirty female VP, with an average age of 17.53±2.55 years, who played licensed volleyball for at least two years were included in our study. KT was applied longitudinally to the athletes between the pubis and lower border of the tuberositas tibia, including the AMG using the facilitation technique (25% stretching). Evaluations were repeated before taping and 20 minutes after taping. The athletes' Adductor muscle endurance was evaluated using the Copenhagen adduction exercise, vertical jump test for lower extremity strength, and Edgren side step test for agility. Results: When the results of the study were evaluated, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in the endurance (p&amp;lt;0.001), strength (p&amp;lt;0.001) and agility (p&amp;lt;0.001) values of the athletes after KT application. Conclusions: KT applied to the adductor area can be used by physiotherapists during competitions or training due to its positive effects on the performance of VP.

Ground reaction forces better than center of pressure differentiate postural control between young female volleyball players and untrained peers

A comprehensive explanation of the relationship between postural control and athletic performance requires compare body balance in athletes with their never training counterparts. To fill this gap in relation to volleyball, the aim of this study was to compare the balance of intermediate adolescent female players (VOL, n = 61) with inactive peers (CON, n = 57). The participants were investigated in normal quiet stance during 20 s trials on a Kistler force plate. The traditional spatial (amplitude and mean speed) and temporal (frequency and entropy) indices were computed for ground reaction forces (GRF) and center-of-pressure (COP) time-series. The spatial parameters of the both time-series did not discriminate the two groups. However, the temporal GRF parameters revealed much lower values in VOL than in CON (p < .0001). This leads to three important conclusions regarding posturography applications. First, GRF and COP provide different information regarding postural control. Second, measures based on GRF are more sensitive to changes in balance related to volleyball training and perhaps to similar training and sports activity regimens. And third, the indicators calculated based on these two time series can complement each other and thus enrich the insight into the relationship between balance and sports performance level.

Effects of shoe collar height and limb dominance on landing knee biomechanics in female collegiate volleyball players

ABSTRACT Volleyball-specific footwear with higher collar heights (a mid-cut shoe) are worn to restrict ankle motion. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with increased frontal plane motion and injury risk at the knee. With the high frequency of unilateral landings in volleyball, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volleyball-specific shoes and limb dominance on knee landing mechanics in collegiate volleyball players. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit smaller sagittal plane and greater frontal plane knee joint mechanics in mid-cut and dominant limb and that vertical and posterior directed ground reaction forces would be greater wearing mid-cut, yet similar between limbs. Seventeen female volleyball players performed unilateral landings on each limb in mid-cut and low-top volleyball shoes. For shoe main effects, smaller peak dorsiflexion angle and internal peak plantarflexion moment and greater peak medial ground reaction force were found in the mid-cut but with no impact on knee mechanics. For limb main effects, the internal peak knee abduction moment was greater in the dominant limb. Greater peak lateral ground reaction force was found in the interaction between the non-dominant limb and low-top. Further research is warranted to better understand shoe and limb impact in volleyball players.

COMPOUND TRAINING: A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE ON THE BOUNCING FORCE OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS WHEN THEY JUMP AND SPIKE THE BALL

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the impact of compound training (CT) on the jumping spike performance of volleyball players. Methods: Twenty athletes were randomly assigned to either the CT group or the resistance training (RT) group. After eight weeks of training, the results for in-situ jump and reach, run-up jump and reach, as well as squat jump (SJ), counter-movement jump (CMJ), and run-up jump measured using the Just Jump test system were compared between the two groups. Results: Prior to the experiment, there were no significant differences in any of the test parameters between the two groups ([Formula: see text]). Following the experiment, the one-repetition maximum (1RM) weighted deep squat result for the CT group was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg, the in-situ jump and reach height was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, and the run-up jump and reach height was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, all with [Formula: see text] compared to pre-experiment values and the RT group. Additionally, the duration and height of flight of SJ in the CT group were [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, respectively; the duration and height of flight of CMJ were [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, respectively; the duration and height of flight of run-up jumps were [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, respectively. All of the above results were significantly higher than those before the experiment and those of the RT group ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The superior results observed in the CT group’s jumping tests suggest that the effects of CT on bouncing force are more pronounced, making it a viable approach for practical training.

Applicability of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool in Elite Volleyball Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

The ease of administration of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) could represent a methodology for periodically evaluating athletes, preventing ankle instability injuries. This study aimed to achieve three objectives: (a) to evaluate the applicability of the CAIT scale in volleyball; (b) to explore whether ankle instability presents a greater risk in lower-level volleyball categories and whether elite athletes demonstrate an ability to mitigate this risk; and (c) to identify potential predictors of ankle instability. Eighty female volleyball players participated in this cross-sectional observational study. The CAIT was administered to evaluate the athletes belonging to some teams in Series A, B, and C. The Spearman's ranks correlation coefficient showed significant correlations between CAIT items. Additionally, the Cronbach's α showed a high internal consistency. Our results showed a significant difference between athletes who reported pain and those who did not (p < 0.001). The multiple linear regression model analysis showed that pain was a predictor of ankle instability (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the CAIT can be used to evaluate ankle stability in volleyball players. This scale could represent a valuable tool for implementing specific intervention programs to prevent ankle injuries in athletes.

Mechanical differences between three block jump approaches in NCAA DII college volleyball players

The purpose of the study was to examine the kinematics and kinetics differences between three common block approaches used in volleyball games: (1) shuffle block, (2) chicken wing block, and (3) swing block, from a fixed distance of 1.8 m. Ten female collegiate volleyball players from NCAA DII participated in the study. They performed, in a randomized order, a total of 18 blocks equally distributed among the three block types. Noraxon MyoResearch 3 software was used to analyze the block approaches. The statistical analysis was performed by running a Repeated Measurement ANOVA on Jamovi statistical software 2.3.24. The results showed that there was a significant main effect for time to take off, jump height, max knee flexion angles, peak power, relative peak power, net impulse, reactive strength index, max rate of force development, peak force, and relative peak force between the three types of blocks (p &lt; .05). While max valgus knee angles and max flexion hip angles did not show any effect (p &gt; .5). To cover a distance of 1.8m, it was clear that shuffle block was the weakest option for good block performances, while chicken wing and swing blocks were similar in many aspects. Both chicken wing and swing blocks can be used to elevate the block effectiveness of volleyball players compared to shuffle block.

Characteristics of the foot and dynamic balance in Colombian basketball players, soccer players and volleyball players

Introducción: El equilibrio dinámico es la base de todas las actividades motrices deportivas; su déficit se asocia con el riesgo de lesión. Variables como la huella plantar y el mecanismo de windlass podrían influir en este equilibrio. Actualmente no se encuentran estudios que relacionen estos elementos en deportistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la huella plantar y el MW en el equilibrio dinámico en deportistas colombianos. Metodología: Estudio transversal y correlacional. Participaron 193 deportistas de baloncesto (n=45), fútbol (n=102) y voleibol (n=46). El equilibrio dinámico se evaluó mediante el test de la Y. Para determinar el tipo de pie se utilizó el método de Herzco y el test de Jack para evaluar el MW. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el equilibrio dinámico según huella plantar en baloncesto H(2)=9.033, Sig.=0.01; 1- ? =.202, ?2=.205. En la Prueba Post Hoc hubo diferencias entre las huellas plano-cavo (p=0.012) y neutra-cavo (p=0.01). También hubo diferencias en el equilibrio dinámico según comportamiento del mecanismo windlass en baloncesto Z=-4.164, U=69.0, Sig=0.000, 1- ? =.70 r=0.620. En futbol y voleibol no se apreció influencia del tipo de huella en el equilibrio dinámico y el mecanismo windlass solo influyó en algunos alcances del YBT. Conclusiones: El equilibrio dinámico podría verse afectado por el tipo de huella plantar y el mecanismo de windlass en basquetbolistas. La huella cava y la ausencia del mecanismo windlass se asociaron a mayor desempeño en el equilibrio dinámico. Futuras investigaciones podrían explorar esta relación en muestras con mayor prevalencia de huella cava en las diferentes disciplinas.

Operative Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Female Athletes.

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction has been the standard surgical intervention for elite male athletes with UCL insufficiency. Recently, UCL repair and augmentation with an internal brace has been increasingly performed. To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes as well as return-to-sport rate after UCL repair in female athletes. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Included were 15 female athletes (mean age, 16.5 ± 3.5 years) who underwent UCL repair between 2011 and 2021 at a single institution. Data collected included age, sport played, competition level, symptom onset, previous surgeries, mechanism of injury, surgical intervention, and return to sport. Patients were contacted via phone at minimum 24-month follow-up, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Of the 15 female athletes, there were 4 cheerleaders, 3 softball players, 2 volleyball players, 2 soccer players, 1 gymnast, 1 tennis player, 1 dancer, and 1 javelin thrower. Ten of the 15 athletes (67%) competed at the high school level, 4 (26%) at the collegiate level, and 1 patient (7%) was a recreational volleyball player. In all patients, there was an acute onset of symptoms after injury. Ten patients underwent UCL repair with an internal brace (67% of athletes), while 5 underwent standard UCL repair. The median MEPS for athletes with and without an internal brace was 100 (range, 80-100). There was no significant difference of MEPS (P = .826) or SANE scores (P = .189) between the patients who received an internal brace and those who did not. Thirteen of the 15 athletes (86.7%) returned to sport. The UCL injuries in the female athletes in this study were the result of acute trauma. Primary UCL repair, both with and without internal bracing, was an effective surgical treatment for returning these athletes to sport.

Examining the relationship between body composition and jumping parameters in female volleyball players

Özet&#x0D; Amaç: Voleybol branşında artan ilgi ve profesyonel başarı arayışları doğrultusunda, sporcuların fiziksel ve fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarının ve bunların performans çıktılarına etkilerinin bilinmesi, bu etkilere göre optimal düzeyde çalışmalar oluşturulması, performansın yükseltilmesi ve başarının elde edilmesi için önem taşımaktadır. Bu durum göz önüne alındığında bu çalışmanın amacı elit kadın voleybolcularda vücut kompozisyonu ile sıçrama parametreleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelemesidir. Materyal &amp; Metot: Araştırmanın modeli tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modelidir. Araştırma grubunu toplamda 9 gönüllü profesyonel kadın voleybolcu oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların boy uzunluğu, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), yağ ağırlığı ve vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY) ölçülmüş, Squat Sıçrama (SS), aktif sıçrama (AS) ve eller serbest sıçrama testleri uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz değerlendirmesi için, vücut kompozisyonun dikey sıçrama parametreleriyle ilişkisini karşılaştırmada korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: VKİ ile VYY arasında orta düzeyde pozitif yönde (p=,667; r=,050) VKİ ile yağ ağırlığı (kg) arasında pozitif yönde çok düşük düzeyde (p=,820; r=,007) ilişkiye rastlanılmıştır. VKİ ile Squat Sıçrama ve Aktif Sıçrama Güç farkı (W/kg) arasında ise negatif yönde zayıf düzeyde (p=-,672; r=0,047) ilişki tespit edilirken, diğer parametreler arasında ise istatistiksel olarak bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, yapılan çalışmanın bulguları değerlendirildiğinde vücut kitle indeksi ve vücut yağ yüzdesi ile sıçrama parametreleri arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişkiye rastlanmıştır. Bu durum yağ yüzdesinin artması ile sporcuların sıçrama performanslarının azaldığı düşüncesini ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Kadın voleybolcuların en çok en çok kullandığı performans parametrelerinden birinin sıçrama olduğu düşünüldüğünde, çalışmadaki sonuç vücut kompozisyonun performansı arttıracak düzeyde iyileştirilmesinin başarıya katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Effect of combined training on anthropometric variable in tribal volleyball players of Tirupattur district

Effect of combined training on anthropometric variable in tribal volleyball players of Tirupattur district

Importance of mental health in the sports environment

The objectives of this study are focused, firstly, on understanding the levels of cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and pre- and post-match somatic anxiety. Secondly, to analyse the impact of the match outcome (win-loss) on the mentioned dimensions according to the Home-Away condition. The research involved 70 volleyball players (28 home and 42 away) belonging to cadet categories from different volleyball teams competing in the School Sports Program in the province of Araba, specifically in the city of Vitoria Gasteiz. Participants completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory in Sport (CSAI-2) (Martens et al., 1990), consisting of 27 items, adapted and validated in Spanish by Capdevila (1997), and subsequently reviewed and used by other researchers (Arruza et al., 2001; Telletxea, 2008). The results show that somatic anxiety significantly decreased between pre and post-match in the home condition, and there are significant differences between home players and away players in response to a victory outcome. The ability of coaches, monitors, and fitness trainers to understand and address athletes' anxiety states is crucial for optimizing their performance and overall well-being, as well as adherence to physical activity.

Peculiarities of Adolescent, Qualified Female Volleyball Players’ Shoulder Girdle

Peculiarities of Adolescent, Qualified Female Volleyball Players’ Shoulder Girdle