Volleyball Players Research Articles

Effect of nutritional supplement accompanying functional strength exercises on the special physical abilities and the spiking skill of volleyball players

The process of preparing players and developing their level is of great importance, and it is a comprehensive process that goes beyond the reservoirs of sports training in isolation, but rather seeks to strengthen it with supporting elements, including nutritional supplements. In performing advanced skills in volleyball, including the skill of crushing striking, as well as weakness in special physical abilities. The research aims to: prepare a training program for functional strength that fits the capabilities of the research sample, determine doses of nutritional supplements commensurate with the mass of the players, and identify the effect of the training program for functional strength accompanying nutritional supplements on special physical abilities and the performance of the skill of crushing volleyball.The researchers used the experimental method (designed by the two experimental groups), the first experimental group practiced functional strength exercises with doses of nutritional supplements, and the second group practiced functional strength exercises in isolation from nutritional supplements. The research sample was selected from the specialized school volleyball players. The functional strength-training program was implemented; the researchers concluded the success of the functional strength training program in developing the special physical abilities of volleyball players and the development of the skill of crushing hitting, need for (8) weeks, at a rate of (3) units per week, and a rate of (24) training units.

The effects of dumbbell versus TRX suspension training on shoulder strength, vertical jump, and spike speed in volleyball players

BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on how various resistance training methods, such as TRX and dumbbells, impact sport-specific technical skills and muscle performance in young athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Total-Body Resistance Exercise (TRX) suspension training and Traditional Dumbbell Training (TDT) on shoulder muscle strength, leg power, and spike speed in young male volleyball players. METHODS: Twenty-five male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either the TRX suspension group (n= 13) or the TDT group (n= 12). Anthropometric measures, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, spike speed, and shoulder joint isokinetic strength tests were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Both groups continued their volleyball training (5 days/week) and added TRX or TDT sessions for 2 months (60–90 minutes/day, 3 times/week), including 8 multi-joint exercises (1–3 sets/12 reps, 60 min rest). Statistical analysis involved Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with effect size calculations. RESULTS: Compared to the TDT group, the TRX group showed significant improvements in CMJ height (+12.17% vs. +0.83%; p= 0.001), CMJ power (+9.55% vs. -0.24 %; p= 0.01), and spike speed (+11.49% vs. +6.82%; p= 0.03) with a small to moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS: In young male volleyball players, TRX suspension training may be more effective than dumbbell training in enhancing jump performance and spike speed.

The Effect of Smit-Style Training on the CPK Enzyme, Kinetic Response Speed, and Accuracy of the Blocking Skill for Young Volleyball Players

The purpose of this paper is to prepare volleyball-style (SMlT) exercises, as well as identify the effect of (SMlT)-style exercises on the CPK enzyme, speed of kinetic response, and accuracy of the blocking skill for young volleyball players. The researchers to use the experimental method because it is compatible with the nature of the research problem, and to design the method of the two equal groups (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests. The research population was determined by the young players of Al-Daghara Sports Club for the sports season (2023-2024), who numbered (14) players, and the freestyle players, who numbered two players, were excluded because their characteristics did not match the nature of the study. Thus, the total number became (12) players, and the researcher chose them entirely for the experiment, and they were distributed. Two groups were divided equally in a random manner (lottery method), after which the experimental group underwent training (SMlT) method, while the control group remained using the trainer’s normal training curriculum. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: The exercises applied by the experimental research group using the SMlT method helped adapt the muscle cells by increasing the activity of the CPK enzyme . One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: Researchers recommend adopting specialized exercises using the SMIT method as basic data when training volleyball players.

Pilates increases resistance performance in young volleyball players

IntroductionThe aim of this work was to determine whether the Pilates method could promote changes in the activation and performance of core muscles in young volleyball players. MethodSixteen athletes (16.00 ± 1.09 years old; 2.68 ± 1.32 years of sports practice) were evaluated using surface electromyography (EMG) and the sport-specific endurance plank test (SEPT), applied before and after an eight-week Mat Pilates protocol. ResultsThere was a significant increase in SEPT performance after the protocol (p < 0.001). There were also significant reductions of external oblique (EO) and erector spinae (ES) EMG activities after the protocol. There was a significant and moderate correlation between SEPT performance and EO activation (p < 0.01; r = - 0.59), while a weak correlation was observed with ES activation (p < 0.05; r = - 0.39). DiscussionThe Pilates method can improving performance and inducing changes in muscle activation and core muscle resistance this is because one of the pillars of the Pilates method is the stimulation of isometric contractions in all the core/spine stabilizer muscles. ConclusionThe Mat Pilates protocol altered the activation of core muscles and increased resistance performance in young volleyball players.

The effect of exercises accompanying some recovery methods on some of the physical abilities of young volleyball players

The study aimed to identify the effect of exercises accompanied by therapeutic methods on players injured in the ankle joint of volleyball players, and the speed of their recovery, as most therapeutic methods take a long time during the treatment period, which negatively affects the players’ results. The researcher used the experimental approach in treating Research problems، As for the research community, the research community was identified with injured young players of Baghdad clubs participating in the Iraqi volleyball league for the 2022-2023 sports season who suffer from a minor sports injury to the players, according to the statements of the Sports Medicine Department, in addition to the diagnosis by a specialist doctor, which is numbered(12) players, and the research sample was chosen from them by (8) players, with a percentage of (66.66%) from the total research community. After the researcher completed the field research procedures using the scientific method of writing research, and after processing the obtained data statistically, she concluded several conclusions, including:&#x0D; - The exercises associated with recovery methods had an effective role in improving the speed of recovery&#x0D; - The exercises accompanying recovery methods played a major role in developing the strength of motor abilities.&#x0D; According to these conclusions, the researcher made several recommendations, including:&#x0D; - Paying attention to exercises that accompany the recovery methods for the body’s active muscles, as they have an effective role in improving the speed of recovery.&#x0D; -It is recommended to perform various exercises to prepare the body for rest, in order to avoid fatigue and stress. Relaxation and meditation exercises can be included to help restore calm and relaxation after strenuous training.

Evaluation of Orexin-A Salivary Levels and its Correlation with Attention After Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Female Volleyball Players

BackgroundThe capacity to change attention from one area to another depending on the many environmental circumstances present is a crucial aspect of selective attention and is strictly correlated to reaction time. The cholinergic system of the basal forebrain is crucial for attentive abilities. Several inputs, particularly orexin neurons, whose cell bodies are found in the postero-lateral hypothalamus, can activate the cholinergic system. The aim of this study was to investigate if high frequencies rTMS at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in highly trained volleyball players can change Orexin-A levels, attention and reaction time. This study was a double-blinded (participant and evaluator) matched-pair experimental design. Twenty right-handed female volleyball players were recruited for the study (age 24.6 ± 2.7 years; height 177.0 ± 5.5 cm; body mass 67.5 ± 6.5 kg; BMI 21.5 ± 1.2).ResultsThe main finding of this study was that 10 Hz rTMS to the DLPFC seems to increase Orexin-A salivary levels and the percentage of correct answers, while decreasing RT. After rTMS, the athletes show an increase in the percentage of correct answers immediately after the end of stimulation, and also after 15 and 30 min. Moreover, the athletes show decreases in reaction time after the end of stimulation and after 15 and 30 min to the end of stimulation, while no differences were found at the end of stimulation. Finally, the athletes show significant increases in Orexin-A salivary levels after stimulation with a peak after 30’ of the end.ConclusionThe results of our study seem to indicate that there is a relationship between salivary Orexin-A levels and RT. These results could provide useful tools for modulating sports training; in fact, if confirmed, they could lead coaches to offer their athletes rTMS sessions appropriately integrated with training. In fact, alternating attention is a mental flexibility that enables people to change their point of focus and switch between tasks requiring various levels of cognition.

Soccer and volleyball players do not land differently: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.

Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common in soccer and volleyball, occurring during changes of direction and landings. This study aimed to investigate kinematic differences between soccer and volleyball players in single-planar and multiplanar landing tasks, simulating sport-specific injury mechanisms. Since the anterior cruciate ligament injury rate in soccer is higher than in volleyball, we hypothesized that volleyball players would adopt safer landing strategies, especially in single-planar landing tasks. Twenty-two soccer and 19 volleyball players performed single-leg drop landing, drop jump in vertical, 45°-medial and 45°-lateral directions. Box height and jump length were adapted to the subject's height and performance level, respectively. A 9-camera motion capture system provided lower limb kinematics. Two mixed multivariate analyses of covariance (sport, task, sex as covariate) were used to compare soccer and volleyball players' initial contact and peak kinematics (α=0.05). Task had significant effects on lower limb initial contact and peak angles, as expected. Sport and task × sport interaction had no significant effects on kinematics. Soccer and volleyball players' landing strategies were thus similar in each task, in opposition to initial hypotheses. We might speculate that the higher anterior cruciate ligament injury rate in soccer may be more related to non-predictable factors than the isolated landing kinematics.

Exploring the Relationship of Self-Compassion and Gratitude: A Multidimensional Analysis Among Sports Professionals

The aim of this research is to investigate the intricate connection between self-compassion and gratitude among athletes using a multidimensional approach. By delving into the dimensions of both self-compassion and gratitude, this study aims to uncover how these two psychological constructs interact within the context of sports. Through comprehensive analysis, we seek to understand how self-compassion and gratitude manifest in athletes' lives and how they may influence each other. This exploration is vital for enhancing our understanding of the psychological dynamics within sports environments, potentially offering insights into strategies for promoting well-being and performance among athletes. A descriptive research design was employed, with correlational and independent t-test analyses conducted to explore relationships and gender-based differences. Pre-therapy data collection involved assessing participants' baseline levels of negative traits, such as fear, anxiety, depression, and worry, using validated scales, questionnaires, and interviews. Data simulation involved generating random integer values within specified ranges to initialise pre-therapy scores for fear, anxiety, depression, and worry, thereby creating a diverse participant group.Results reveal no significant relationship between gratitude and self-compassion, nor any gender-based differences. However, cognitive-behavioural therapy significantly reduced fear, anxiety, depression, and worry among participants. The p-values of 0.0000 for all measures indicate highly significant differences between pre-therapy and post-therapy scores, affirming the therapy's effectiveness. This highlights the importance of cognitive-behavioural interventions in addressing psychological well-being. While this study provides insights into gratitude and self-compassion among volleyball players, further research is needed to explore interventions enhancing these psychological factors.

The effect of using two styles rebound (strength and speed) on inclined surfaces in a number of physical variables for young volleyball players

The effect of using two styles rebound (strength and speed) on inclined surfaces in a number of physical variables for young volleyball players

The impact of developed training methodology on technical skills of volleyball players aged 11-13 years. Longitudinal study

The impact of developed training methodology on technical skills of volleyball players aged 11-13 years. Longitudinal study

The Effect of Combining Blood Flow Restriction with the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Strength: Randomized Controlled Trial.

(1) Background: It is a matter of curiosity what effect the blood flow restriction (BFR) method, which is usually combined with low-intensity resistance exercises, will have when used with high-intensity eccentric exercises. (2) Methods: The present study examined the effects of combining BFR with nordic hamstring exercises (NHEs) on hamstring muscle strength, bilateral deficit (BLD), and training volume. Thirty young female volleyball players, who trained three times a week, participated voluntarily in the study. These players were stratified into three groups, each comprising ten individuals: a control group (CG), an NHE group, and an NHE + BFR group. Hamstring muscle strength and BLD values were determined using an H-BORD device, while training volume was measured in terms of sets and repetitions. (3) Results: Statistical analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in non-dominant and dominant leg peak torque parameters in the exercise groups (F = 2.65; p = 0.097; ηp2 = 0.17; F = 1.15; p = 0.0334; ηp2 = 0.084), while the total training volume was lower in the NHE + BFR group. (4) Conclusions: As a result, it was seen that adding the BFR method to NHE did not provide additional gains. However, due to the low training volume of BFR + NHE, it may be recommended to apply BFR together with NHE to athlete groups.

The effect of Core Muscles exercises on the momentary strength of the central part of the body and the accuracy of the serving and volleyball spiking skills for advanced

The importance of research is evident in the use of Core Muscles using some training tools to try to upgrade the momentary strength of the central part of the body and the a The study sought to determine the effect of Core Muscle training on instantaneous strength in the center region of the body. Higher volleyball hitting and serving abilities. Researchers applied the experimental curriculum and adhered to the design of a single experimental group. Curacy of the serving and spiking skills Because of their essential role in deciding matches. Represents the search community with players from Wasit governorate clubs for the (48) players grouped into four clubs. Researchers chose Al Hay Sports Club at random, and the sample size was 12 players, accounting for 25% of the overall research community. Core Muscle exercises designed by the researchers were administered to the experimental group for 8 weeks, with three training units per week. The tests were carried out following the experiment, and the statistical data was analyzed using the spss system. Researchers have concluded that Core muscle exercises have a positive impact on the development of the momentary strength of the central part of the body and the accuracy of the serving and crushing hitting skills of advanced volleyball players.

The Relationship Between Upper Extremity Functional Tests Scores With Strength, Proprioception, and Posture in Male Volleyball Players

The Relationship Between Upper Extremity Functional Tests Scores With Strength, Proprioception, and Posture in Male Volleyball Players

Interleukin-15 Contributes to the Benefits of Βeta-Alanine Supplementation on the Performance of Elite Volleyball Players

Background: Volleyball involves intermittent activities closely linked to explosive power and muscular strength. Utilizing the ergogenic supplement beta-alanine can positively influence the balance between anabolic and catabolic factors, potentially enhancing the benefits of sports activities. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation on serum myokine levels, as well as aerobic and anaerobic power in elite volleyball players aged 22 - 28 years. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 22 male volleyball players from the Division 1 Volleyball League, aged between 22 and 28, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 11: A supplement group and a control group. The supplement group received 6.4 g/day of beta-alanine (in 8 doses of 800 mg) for 4 weeks. The ANCOVA test was used for data analysis, with a significance level set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Beta-alanine supplementation significantly increased serum myokine levels (interleukin-15, myonectin, and irisin) compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation was associated with a significant increase in measures of aerobic and anaerobic power (Bruce and Wingate tests) compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Supplementation with Beta-Alanine led to improved performance (aerobic and anaerobic power) by increasing anabolic responses (irisin) and indicators of muscle hypertrophy (IL-15 and myonectin) in elite volleyball players.

Perceived Over-Qualifications of Volleyball Players and Their Relationship with Communication Skills with Team Members in the Clubs of the Northern Region of Iraq

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على مستوى المؤهلات الزائدة المدركة لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة في أندية العراق للمنطقة الشمالية من وجهة نظرهم الشخصية، والقدرات التواصلية لديهم، مع بيان نوع وطبيعة العلاقة بين المؤهلات الزائدة المدركة والقدرات التواصلية، وقد استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبيه المسحي والارتباطي، وقد حدد الباحثان مجتمع البحث بلاعبي الكرة الطائرة في أندية المنطقة الشمالية الناشطة في الدوري الممتاز ودوري الدرجة الأولى والبالغ عدها (27) نادياً ضمن أربع محافظات هي (كركوك، ونينوى، وديالى، وصلاح الدين)، وقد اختار الباحثان جميع أفراد مجتمع البحث كعينة رئيسة للبحث، والتي قسمها إلى عينات فرعية وهي (عينة الدراسة الاستطلاعية، وعينة الإعداد، وعينة التطبيق النهائي) بواقع (12-187-125) لاعباً على التوالي، ولأغراض قياس متغيرات البحث قام الباحثان بإعداد أداتين، تقيس الأولى المؤهلات الزائدة المدركة لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة وعدد فقراتها (14) فقرة، والثانية تقيس القدرات التواصلية لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة وعدد فقراتها (15) فقرة، وعبر استخدام الوسائل الإحصائية (النسبة المئوية، الوسط الحسابي، الانحراف المعياري، الوسط الفرضي، اختبار (ت)، معامل الارتباط البسيط (بيرسون) تمكن الباحثان من التوصل إلى نتائج تطبيق الأداتين، ومنها استنتج الباحثان بأن لاعبو الكرة الطائرة الذين ينشطون في أندية المنطقة الشمالية العراقية يمتلكون مستوى منخفضاً من المؤهلات الزائدة المدركة، وتمتاز القدرات التواصلية لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة في أندية المنطقة الشمالية العراقية بانها ذات مستوى مرتفع، مع وجود علاقة معنوية عكسية بين المؤهلات الزائدة المدركة لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة وبين قدراتهم التواصلية مع أعضاء الفريق. وهذا ما يحقق احد اهداف التنمية المستدامة للامم المتحدة في العراق (التعليم الجيد).

Postural control and ankle joint functions: an investigation on collegiate female volleyball players

PurposeAnkle injuries are common in volleyball players and are linked to the athlete’s postural control. The aim of the report is to investigate the differences between ankle functions and postural control ability of volleyball players and controls, and also the relationship between the variables in order to understand the factors affecting postural control.Methods40 female participants (age: 21.18 ± 0.27, volleyball players/controls: 20/20) were included in the study. Ankle functions (joint range of motion (ROM), joint position sense (JPS), vibration and isometric muscle strength) and postural control variables (anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sway velocity, ellipse area and perimeter) were evaluated by static stability test. The differences between the groups and the correlation between variables were analysed.ResultsSignificant differences favoured the volleyball group in ankle dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion ROM, JPS, dorsiflexor and plantar flexor isometric muscle strength, and postural control variables (p &lt; 0.05). However, the control group demonstrated superior vibration sensitivity on the 1st and 5th metatarsal heads (p &lt; 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between the anterior-posterior sway velocity and dorsiflexion ROM, medial-lateral sway velocity and sway area with inversion ROM, sway area and vibration threshold in the 1st and 5th metatarsal heads (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsVolleyball players showed better results in ankle ROM, JPS, muscle strength and postural control. In addition to the similarities in ankle plantar flexion ROM, invertor and evertor isometric muscle strength between the groups, the controls showed better vibration sensitivity; which reveals potential causes of ankle injuries in volleyball players. Ankle function variables are found to be linked to postural control, highlighting the need to evaluate these functions for injury prevention.

Exploring a practitioner-athlete relationship and facilitated learning throughout a psychological skills training program.

Psychological skills training (PST) programs have been consistently reported as an important part of preparation for optimal performance in high performance sport. However, there is much less research about the quality and characteristics of the working relationship between a sport psychology practitioner (SPP) and an athlete and, importantly, how that relationship facilitates learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to explore the working relationship between a SPP and a volleyball player and how that working relationship facilitated the learning processes utilized by this player, as she prepared for the demands of her sport and life. An instrumental case study methodology with a qualitative description approach was employed to illustrate different aspects of the evolving relationship and the athlete's experiences. The results of this case reflect an approach that combined features of both a directive approach in teaching specific psychological skills and a less directive and more collaborative approach, which, in turn, allowed an athlete to begin to learn how to guide their own learning.

The Impact of Training Program Utilizing Elastic Bands on Selected Physical and Skill Variables among Volleyball Players

This study aimed to explore the impact of a training program using elastic bands on selected physical and skill variables among volleyball players of Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie. Twenty male volleyball players were selected, their arithmetic average age was 20.45 years, and they were divided into two groups, (10) players for the pre-training test (control) and (10) players for the post-training test (experimental). The experimental group participated in an elastic band training program for two months. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis program SPSS, and this was done by t-test to determine the differences between the pre- and post-measurements and the equivalence between the experimental and control group. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the post-measurement between the experimental and control groups for selected physical and skill variables among the volleyball players, in favor of the experimental group. The percentage and p values of change in these measure variables tests were the Spiking (20.51%; p=0.011), Blocking (18.18%; p=0.001), Vertical Jump from Standstill (9.71%; p=0.033), Vertical Jump from Movement (5.37%; p=0.037), Medical Ball Throws from Overhead (2.81%; p=0.022), Medical Ball Throws from Chest (3.23%; p=0.001), and Push-Up (35.80%; p=0.001). This study concludes that elastic band training represents a promising evolution in the development of volleyball players, and is considered a comprehensive approach to improving their physical and skill attributes and enhancing their overall abilities on the court. This study recommended conducting additional research and applying elastic band training in the field of sports performance.

Starters vs. non-starters differences in vertical jump force-time metrics in female professional volleyball players.

As one of the fundamental volleyball skills, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) has been commonly implemented in the applied sports setting as a non-invasive and time-efficient assessment of athletes' lower-body neuromuscular function. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in CMJ characteristics between starters and non-starters within a cohort of professional female volleyball players. Nineteen athletes competing in one of the top European leagues (i.e., SuperLeague) volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Following the completion of a warm-up protocol, each athlete performed three maximal-effort CMJs with no arm swing while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz. The following force-time metrics were used for performance analysis purposes: braking phase duration and impulse, eccentric and concentric duration, mean and peak force and power, contraction time, jump height, and reactive strength index-modified. Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) during both eccentric and concentric phases of CMJ between the players included in the starting lineup (n = 9) and their substitutions (n = 10), with the effect sizes being small to moderate in magnitude (g = 0.053-0.683). While further research is warranted on this topic, these results suggest that securing a position in a starting lineup at the professional level of volleyball play may be more contingent on the player's ability to proficiently execute sport-specific skills (e.g., blocking, attacking), rather than the performance on the CMJ assessment, considering that the observed values for both groups fall within the desired ranges for this specific population of athletes.

Development of Physiotherapy Standard Operating Procedures Case of Ankle Sprain in Basketball Players

Physiotherapy is a form of health service aimed at individuals and groups as maintaining and restoring body movement functions throughout life. Ankle Sprain is a stretching or tearing that occurs due to (overstretch) trauma to the lateral ligament complex, due to inversion and plantar flexion movements that occur excessively when the foot is unable to provide perfect support on the floor/ground. A common injury to the ankle is Ankle Sprain, a sports injury that often occurs in volleyball and basketball players. To develop Standard Operating Procedures in performing physiotherapy treatment in chronic Ankle Sprain cases. This study was conducted using the research method of developing physiotherapy operational standards with this ankle sprain injury handling model starting with preliminary studies, history taking, assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. The type of research conducted is Quantitative research using quasi experimental methods with pretest-posttest control group design. Experimental and control groups conducted an initial test. Both groups received different treatments, where the experimental group received thrust manipulation intervention and the control group received non thrust intervention in the form of myofascial release. There was a significant reduction in pain after manipulation therapy with the thrust and nonthrust methods on two groups were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale and after being evaluated for two weeks the pain did not increase. The provision of thrust and nonthrust manipulation therapy measures is highly recommended for the treatment of ankle pain. However, between the two methods there has not been. However, there is no significant difference between the two methods given the limited time of the study.