Violent Character Research Articles

First Steps to Change Names (Ribnovo, 1953)

Passportization of the Pomak population in the village of Ribnovo in 1953 has a violent character particularly visible in two directions: the im-position of compulsory, Bulgarian ethnicity and restriction of the right to free religion.Changing the passports of the Pomaks was resisted because they opposed their enrollment as "Bulgarians" without mentioning their differ-ent region, and against the photographing of women. One of the first villages was Ribnovo, where resistance to the introduction of new per-sonal documents began. In the following years, this village became the center of the resistance against the communist authorities in their attempt to change the Turkish names of Pomaks (1964). The very act of passportization in the Pomaks can be seen as a prelude to the later change of their names to Bulgarian names.

Первое Каирское восстание 1798 г.: народная стихия или результат заговора?

Since the First Cairo Uprising was a kind of turning point during the Egyptian expedition of the Army of Orient, it was somehow affected by almost every historian who wrote about Bonaparte's Middle East adventure. However, despite the seemingly detailed coverage of this event in historiography, some, even key, aspects of it are still interpreted by researchers in different ways. For example, the question of the origin of the movement itself: was it the result of someone's intention or was it spontaneous? The answers to it were sometimes given by various authors in exactly the opposite way. This gave the author of the article a reason to turn to the analysis of this event and, to understand its origins, analyze it basing on archival and published sources. The study showed that the uprising was deliberately provoked by part of the Cairo clergy and from the very beginning had a pronounced anti-French orientation. The assassination of General Dupuy, which Napoleon, and then some historians, considered a turning point in the development of the uprising, considering that it was only after it that the movement allegedly acquired a violent character, was not the first. It was done simultaneously with the murders of other Frenchmen that took place all over Cairo and was even preceded by them. At the same time, the version sometimes presented in the historical literature that the uprising unfolded according to some plan developed in advance by the participants of the "conspiracy" of the sheikhs was not confirmed. Though the rebellion was deliberately provoked, it quickly got out of control of the initiators, who managed to retain the role of only its spiritual leaders. The rebels' lack of real military leadership and a well-thought-out plan of action became the main weakness of the movement, which led to its rapid suppression.

Teaching Video Neuro Images : Hemichorea-hemiballismus secondary to nonketotic hyperglycemia

A 59-year-old woman presented with a 10-day history of involuntary movements of the right body. She initially complained of continuous, irregularly timed, and unpredictable movements of her right hand that ultimately spread to her entire right upper limb, sometimes having an abrupt violent character (video, segment 1, on the Neurology ® Web site at [www.neurology.org][1]). She had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.1 Her neurologic examination revealed slight right facial weakness and right hemichorea-hemiballismus. Blood glucose was at 31 mmol/L with no ketone bodies in the urine. Brain imaging revealed spontaneous high signal of the left caudate nucleus and putamen (figure). She received insulin and neuroleptics (risperidone) with rapid improvement (video, segment 2). [1]: http://www.neurology.org

Reducing Uncertainty in Interpersonal Relationships of Batak - Java Students in Yogyakarta

This study reveals the reduction of uncertainty in the interpersonal relations of Batak and Javanese students in Yogyakarta. The character differences between the Batak and Javanese people are strongly influenced by language, culture, and habits. The Batak people have a violent character, are temperamental, rude, and speak at a loud volume. In addition, they also have a character that is firm, honest, open, and does not beat around the bush. As for the Javanese, they have a character that upholds the philosophy that a person's self-esteem depends on speech and language so everyone must take care of what they say. The theory used in this study is uncertainty reduction from Berger and Calabrese. This study used descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, informants were determined using purposive sampling techniques, validity testing used source triangulation, and data were analyzed through several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the data findings obtained an illustration that each pair of informants had a different process of reducing uncertainty. The pair of informants AW and KS is more significant in reducing uncertainty than the pair of informants LD and LF. Factors that influence the significance include the existence of socialization skills and the number of meetings between LD and LF, gender equality, and experience similarities between AW and KS.

The image of women in the novel Masyitoh by Ajip Rosidi

Novels as part of literary works always present various social realities. One of the presented social realities is the existence of quite complex gender relations and routines. This study aims to describe the image of women in the novel Masyitoh by Ajip Rosidi. The study of women's image is focused on four aspects, namely physical aspects, psychological aspects, aspects in the family environment, and aspects in the community environment. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Research data in the form of sentence quotations were collected through the reading-note technique. After being collected, the data were processed and analyzed using interactive techniques. The results of the research show that the image of women in Masyitoh's novel is very complex and diverse. From a physical perspective, women are portrayed as beautiful and graceful. Viewed from the psychological aspect, the female antagonist is portrayed as a violent character, while the female protagonist is imaged as a woman who has concerns, is firm in her mind, is courageous, and is patient. Viewed from the family aspect, women are portrayed as responsible, caring and compassionate, loyal and open. Meanwhile, from the perspective of their relationship with society, women are portrayed as humanists, humble, and powerful.

Policiamento de manifestações: Repertório da ação policial em São Paulo (2013 2016)

After the cycle of protests that brought crowds to the streets in 2013 and demonstrated the violent character of the police with protesters, police practices in demonstrations began to be monitored by civil society. This paper analyzes the field of policing demonstrations and the context of the protests that occurred in São Paulo, based on the reports of the NGO Article 19, in order to present the tactics used by the police. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the police specialized in detention and vigilantism tactics, as well as using "strategic incapacitation" with autonomist movements.

The Irish Republic after the Crisis: Commemorating the Easter Rising in the 2016 Election Campaign

The Irish Republic after the Crisis:Commemorating the Easter Rising in the 2016 Election Campaign* Isabel Kusche (bio) A vote for myself and Sinn Féin is a vote for change, for a fair and just society based on the spirit and principles of 1916. —dessie ellis, candidate in the 2016 election The 2016 general election in Ireland was perhaps the most unpredictable in the country's history. In hindsight it would be called "the election that nobody won" and resulted in a complicated minority-government arrangement.1 The traditional parties Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and Labour were confronted with a Sinn Féin rising in the polls, two newly formed parties (Renua and the Social Democrats), radical left-wing groups, and strong support for independent candidates.2 In this altered political landscape both new and established political actors faced the challenge of defining what they could offer to an electorate that looked back to years of austerity in the wake of the financial crisis. They needed to articulate an identity as political actors different from the others to an extent that made them more appealing to voters. This was also the centenary year of the Easter Rising and the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. An election campaign a few months before Easter in such a year was likely to include some acknowledgment of the significance of the anniversary. Yet which political actors would or would not attempt to associate themselves with it and how [End Page 128] they would do so was far from clear and are the subject of the following analysis. Commemoration and the Context of the 2016 Election The politics of history can be defined "as any social action that is essentially based on historical references and/or tries to influence the interpretation and representation of history."3 It often involves open conflict about competing interpretations of past events. The history of commemorating the Easter Rising in the Republic of Ireland offers ample evidence of how changing political constellations guide decisions about the form and content of commemorations.4 Some anniversaries, most notably the fiftieth in 1966, were turned into state celebrations of an Ireland whose progress and modernity were framed as the eventual outcome of the Rising and were also validated by it.5 Other anniversaries, for example, the sixtieth in 1976, were celebrated without major public commemoration organized by the state since the violent character of the Rising was deemed deeply problematic given the violence in Northern Ireland at the time. Commemorations were thus left to non-state initiatives, notably the Provisional IRA and its sympathizers.6 The commemoration of events imbues them with extraordinary significance and assigns them a distinct role in understanding the present.7 It defines and constructs a present identity based on an interpretation of the past, which is inevitably selective.8 In doing so, commemorations serve both sociopolitical and psychological [End Page 129] functions.9 The notion of articulation in discourse is helpful to clarify how commemorations connect past and present.10 Making such a link suggests a contingent unity as opposed to a necessary unity. The articulated unity does not simply bring together preexisting elements but changes the articulated elements by creating a specific context in which they are to be understood. Consequently, interpretive frames that relate the past to the present are also tactical tools that parties and politicians can use in political competition.11 In drawing on a past event to make sense of their present and their pledges for the future, parties attempt to define their identity and the nature of that past event as they relate to each other. If this articulation is successful, it will change the understanding of both—either subtly or more radically, depending on how similar to or different from previous articulations it is. After all, "to remember is to place a part of the past in the service of conceptions and needs of the present."12 In the context of the 2016 Dáil election most Irish parties could be expected to have some reason to try to make use of the upcoming centenary of the Easter Rising in the service of their own present position. First...

Anthropology‐as‐theology: Violent endings and the permanence of new beginnings

AbstractThis article examines the temporality of dispensationalist imaginings of the apocalypse, with a particular focus on why such imaginings often have an acutely violent character. For the Brethren and for Jehovah's Witnesses, the most convincing signs of the imminent apocalypse are violent ones. By drawing on a mixture of biblical and extra‐biblical images—flames, hail, missiles—dispensationalism creates a semiotic landscape filled with natural, supernatural, and “man‐made” disaster. By analyzing different images of “violent endings” in circulation among the Brethren and Jehovah's Witnesses, this article asks two questions, namely, what are the temporal effects of such violent imaginings, and what imaginings exist on the other side of such violence, after its perpetration? I seek to answer these questions by developing a mode of inquiry I callanthropology‐as‐theology, whereby anthropological analysis deliberately surrenders to theological ideas. I suggest that, when viewed from the perspective of anthropology‐as‐theology, violent dispensationalist visions about the end of the world can provide new perspectives on permanence, which, seen through the lens of revelation, comes to be understood as both novel and eternal.

Феномен гібридного геноциду в умовах російсько-української війни 2014-2022 рр.

The modern political science has an actual task to ground Russian state’s and its institutes actions as war crimes. A genocide is the most serious from them. Russian-Ukrainian war is hybrid war. An aggressor uses the instruments of informative, media wars, information psychological special operation, in order to avoid qualification of its actions as crime of genocide. For this reason, an analysis of the phenomenon of hybrid genocide is important. The scientific discussion of the phenomenon of «hybrid genocide», its generally accepted definition’s forming can become a step on a way to implementation of this term to the system of international law. The determination of this term’s correlation with a concept «crime of genocide», establishment of their equality, and, accordingly, simplification of criminals’ bringing in to responsibility is necessary. A hybrid genocide is acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, that carries out on a background of the ideological, information psychological, manipulation activities, which are aimed to the denial of subjectivity of certain groups. In case of hybrid genocide certain manifestations of genocide, which are directed against the separate representatives of these groups, in particular, their murder, hide or denied. Hybrid character of genocide by murder of Ukrainians manifest itself through the denial of such murders facts, creation of ground of the extra-judicial executing (victims are accused of subversive, diversionary activity, attacking the invaders). Intentional character of mass murders by missile blows and airstrikes also denies. Hybrid character of genocide by «deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part» manifest itself in the denial of aggressive actions against civilians. The hybrid genocide sent to prevention of births within the group can manifest through the using of sexual violence as a weapon. Hybrid character can acquire genocide by the forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. Violent character of this process is denied. Children health information, their family status are hidden or distorted intentionally. Guardianship or adoption takes place with violations of national and international legislation.

The Possibility of Peace between Hamas and Israel

This paper investigates the possibility of establishing peace between Hamas and Israel, based on the politicisation model of armed groups that leads eventually to change the violent character of armed groups. The main question is: Can Israel and Hamas have a long-lasting peace to end the conflict in the Gaza Strip?The main pillars of politicisation are the willingness of warring parties to conclude peace, the existence of a ‘hurting stalemate’, the narrowness of objectives and the ability to guarantee public support. The primary conclusion of this paper is that comprehensive peace is difficult to achieve, but a unique long-term truce ‘Hudna’ is attainable.

A Lion Ate Grass like an Ox: Nebuchadnezzar and Empire Transformation in Daniel Four

ABSTRACT Daniel 4 presents a complex combination of botanical and animal metaphors in relation to Nebuchadnezzar. In this article, these metaphors are explained by means of ancient Near Eastern royal ideology. By considering animal imageries in royal buildings, the concept of “cosmic tree” in relation to royal gardens and banquets, the oppressive and violent character of Nebuchadnezzar comes to the surface. From such characterization, the transformation of Nebuchadnezzar into an herbivore animal is understood to be part of the process of his humanization. This process is clarified by the intertextuality between Daniel 4 and 7, which explains the transformation of a lion into an ox; and between Daniel 4 and Isaiah 11, which explains the ethical exhortation of Daniel 4,24[27]. Nebuchadnezzar’s humanization, therefore, is seen as his submission to the ethical values required by the Most High for any political power, be it a foreigner or a Davidic king. The article concludes with the purpose of such message for Judahites under the power of Antiochus IV.

Violence and Migration on the Arizona-Sonora Border

2010 was a significant year for immigration issues along the United States-Mexico border. In April, Arizona signed the most extreme law against undocumented immigrants. In August, 72 hopeful migrants were massacred in Tamaulipas by alleged drug traffickers, and the Arizona desert claimed a record 252 lives in fiscal year 2010. These events were part of the trend that began with border militarization in the mid-1990s and escalated in the wake of 9/11, resulting in the extremely violent character of the undocumented border crossing experience. This is manifest, not only in the frequent reports of abuses by various actors along the border, but also in the consolidation of undocumented migration with the trafficking of narcotics. The authors have documented many cases of robbery, kidnapping, physical abuse, rape, and manipulation by drug traffickers. In this article, we discuss these different manifestations of violence by understanding both the structural constraints that create and characterize violence, as well as the individual reactions to the factors. The authors propose the conceptualization of “post structural violence” as a manner of enhancing the discussion of agency within and as a reaction to the structural conditions generated by border security and immigration policy.

Desnaturalizando la noción de frontera en el contexto migratorio

Frontera» y «muro» son utilizados a veces como términos intercambiables, aunque en realidad sus significados divergen: el primero tiene por objeto regular los tránsitos y los intercambios, por lo que, a diferencia del muro, no es en sí mismo un dispositivo obstructivo. En el contexto de las actuales políticas restrictivas en materia migratoria, resulta crucial desnaturalizar la retórica hegemónica acerca de la necesidad de fortificar las fronteras, mostrando su ineficacia, sus costes y su carácter violento. En este artículo se formula la propuesta de «fronteras abiertas» con el objetivo de, por un lado, superar la visión un tanto quimérica de un «mundo sin fronteras» y, por otro, establecer las bases para un régimen migratorio solidario que respete los valores básicos de las sociedades democráticas.

A criminalização do aborto na sociedade brasileira

Neste artigo, discutimos a criminalização do aborto na sociedade brasileira, instigadas pelo documentário Clandestinas. Nele, por meio da interpretação de atrizes, são contadas histórias de mulheres que realizaram aborto por diferentes motivos. Sua produção se deu a partir da compilação dos depoimentos de mulheres de diferentes lugares, raças e classes sociais, as quais contam suas experiências com a prática do aborto, deixando evidente as desigualdades quanto ao tratamento recebido no processo de enfrentamento de um fenômeno comum a todas elas. Nosso propósito é discutir o caráter violento que essa criminalização expressa, recorrendo ao conceito de violência simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu e nos valendo de dados disponibilizados por pesquisadores brasileiros que se debruçaram frente ao esforço de compreender peculiaridades de nossa sociedade em relação a questão do aborto.

RELIGIÃO, VIOLÊNCIA E POLÍTICA NO BRASIL

A
 Apesar dos avanços que se pode perceber na Nova República brasileira, no que concerne aos direitos humanos, em que se incluem os direitos das minorias, bem como os direitos difusos, observa-se, no contexto da própria democracia, a escalada dos discursos e das propostas políticas de cunho ultraconservador, notoriamente também lastreadas em movimentos religiosos de caráter moralista. Seria este um fenômeno atípico, anacrônico e desconectado das estruturas de poder do Brasil? Ou ele é apenas uma das faces, talvez a mais reveladora, da forma como se constitui a política e a economia neste país, e que ganha, nos últimos tempos, enorme visibilidade, galgando o podium da política institucional nacional ao ter, como seu porta-voz, o próprio presidente da República? O caráter quase nada dialógico dessa forma de fazer política, arvorada na intolerância e no sectarismo, indica uma anomalia na tradição política brasileira ou demonstra, sem qualquer prurido, o caráter autoritário e violento de nosso Estado e de nossas elites políticas, sociais e econômicas? No vértice da teologia política, este artigo pretende investigar as relações entre a religião, a violência e a política no Brasil, entendendo que estamos, ainda, muito distantes de um estado, de fato, democrático.

Nanoexplosion initiated by short-wavelength radiation: Optical breakdown in soft matter revisited

The term “laser microexplosion” has been introduced to stress the violent character of the optical breakdown by laser radiation under conditions of tight focusing. Generally, the starting phase of the breakdown has been neglected by the assumption of absorption triggered by the presence of damage precursors. The application of the plasticity–elasticity theory in the analysis of the dynamics of this phenomenon has not been extensively examined to date. This paper formulates a phenomenological model attempting to explain the creation of nanovoids in a soft matter under irradiation by a flux of extreme ultraviolet (XUV)/soft x-ray photons. The combined action of plastic deformation and dissociation waves on soft matter is found to be responsible for the material modifications. It is suggested that localized (volume≃λ3) abundance of energy, coming most likely from photon bunching, constitutes the real onset of the photo-ablative decomposition. It is shown that the coincidental presence of some small number of energy carriers (2–3 XUV photons in the considered case) in such a small volume triggers processes denoted from now on as a laser nanoexplosion. The effect is considered to be the first step in the optical breakdown followed by an intense material removal resembling, to some extent, a phase explosion.

Философские коллизии «стратегического планирования» и его правового обслуживания

State of matter: The vital activity of society through the enrichment of its en-trepreneurial part, with the a priori assumption is as soon as it is enriched, universal prosperity will immediately come at all times served by a legalized open (pro-grammed) “direction” with a personification and violent character. When conducting business activities - open (program) management, which was called "management".
 The concern of managers about the imperfection of the “rule” method and the power, which is a form of its expression, has led to the emergence of unique ideas about “strategic planning”. This concept was introduced in the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2014 N 172 “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”.
 However, in the adopted law the proposals by unknown authors about “strategic planning” turned out to be connected with serious semantic conflicts regarding its essence, content and form.
 Results: As a result of the analysis of the essence, content and form of the cate-gory “planning” and the category «strategic», it was found that the phrase «strategic planning» cannot include «goal-setting, forecasting, planning and programming of socio-economic development», since «planning» is an integral part of «board» and «management (board)», and the combination of «goal-setting, forecasting and pro-gramming of socio-economic development» has nothing to do with the content of the concept of «strategic».
 In this regard, «strategic planning» can only be considered as a «doctrine of the preliminary distribution of all available forces and means for their best location and use, ensuring the realization of the formulated goal at a given time interval and the solution at this interval, taking into account the real conditions set for its achievement tasks», which is fully consistent with the essence, content and form of the category «plan».
 The scope of the results: The results can be widely used in practice in a con-stantly changing objective reality.
 Conclusions: In the real constantly changing environment of being, only the legalized method of “managing” with its characteristic closed functional and organizational structures can ensure the creation of conditions for extracting the most useful properties from any property.

국가폭력인가 집단 간 폭력인가? - 인도네시아 1965~66년 학살에 대한 해석들

Our knowledge on the operations to exterminate the PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia) in Indonesia after October 1, 1965 is still inadequate. We We estimate the number of victims of massacres to be between 500,000 and 1,000,000. We know that there were differences of timing and character of violence across regions, which can be attributed to the different compositions of the regional military commands and different political landscapes of the regions, in spite of the similarities in the pattern of violence. While the military played a role in encouraging and coordinating violence, civilian youth groups willingly participated in the massacres. This paper introduces the accumulated knowledge on the massacres since 1965 up until now. It sheds light on the problems of interpretations over the violence of 1965~66 - whether it can be both state violence and communal violence, how we can interpret civilian participation in the killings, whether the violence also includes persecutions against Chinese - from a perspective that accommodates experiences of perpetrators and victims in the field.

국가폭력인가 집단 간 폭력인가? - 인도네시아 1965~66년 학살에 대한 해석들

Our knowledge on the operations to exterminate the PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia) in Indonesia after October 1, 1965 is still inadequate. We We estimate the number of victims of massacres to be between 500,000 and 1,000,000. We know that there were differences of timing and character of violence across regions, which can be attributed to the different compositions of the regional military commands and different political landscapes of the regions, in spite of the similarities in the pattern of violence. While the military played a role in encouraging and coordinating violence, civilian youth groups willingly participated in the massacres. This paper introduces the accumulated knowledge on the massacres since 1965 up until now. It sheds light on the problems of interpretations over the violence of 1965~66 - whether it can be both state violence and communal violence, how we can interpret civilian participation in the killings, whether the violence also includes persecutions against Chinese - from a perspective that accommodates experiences of perpetrators and victims in the field.

Forms of intermediality in the novels of M. Bulgakov The Master and Margarita and B. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago

The article focuses on analyzing such forms of intermediality as theatricality and carnival in the novels of M. Bulgakov The Master and Margarita and B. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago, intermediality being considered as an aspect of interdiscursivity. Theatricality in both novels is realized through the availability of «theatrical» vocabulary, theatric imagery and symbolism, and at the levels of the text structure and chronotope as well. The research shows that theatricality in Pasternak is of intimate, impressionistic character, while that in Bulgakov is explicit and features a carnival component. A common “theatrical” element in both novels is the motif of directing and the image of director. In Pasternak the director is life itself, unlike in Bulgakov, where life is directed by supernatural forces. In both novels the characters are actors and viewers at the same time, the stage and the floor of the house belong in the town. However, in Bulgakov, by contrast with Pasternak, there is no division of the town space. Theater in The Master and Margarita is related to the so called anticarnival, as it is conducted by the carnivalizer (Voland), rather than people. In Pasternak the unity «theatre ̶ life ̶ death» is a natural manifestation of life, unlike in Bulgakov, where the motif combination «theаter ̶ death» has an ominous and violent character. In Doctor Zhivago the final ruination of theatricality is of realistic character, while in The Master and Margarita it is of transcendent one. By and large it is possible to conclude that theatricality in Doctor Zhivago reminds of the theater of experience, when Bulgakov’s buffoonery is similar to the theater of performance.