Veterinary-sanitary Examination Research Articles

Ветеринарно-санитарная экспертиза яиц куриных ОАО «Волжанин» Ярославской области

Предприятия, производящие пищевую продукцию, должны проходить контроль её качества, а именно иметь обязательную сертификацию в системе ГОСТ Р, основными документами которой являются сертификат соответствия и декларация о соответствии установленным стандартам. На производстве куриного яйца в Ярославской области специализируется ОАО «Волжанин», в котором действует политика в области качества и безопасности пищевой продукции, подтверждённая российскими и международными сертификатами соответствия: «Эко-продукт», ХАССП ИСО 9001, ИСО 22000, «Халяль», FSSC 22000. Для ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы были взяты образцы яиц категорий СО, С1, С2, яйца куриные пищевые специальные столовые «Умница», «Омега-3» и «Деревенские узоры». Результаты органолептических исследований показали, что пищевое яйцо, производимое в ОАО «Волжанин», имеет высокие показатели качества, присущие доброкачественной продукции. Оценка микробиологических показателей исследуемых образцов показала, что микроорганизмы группы патогенной кишечной палочки (колиформы) и сальмонеллы в анализируемый период обнаружены не были (соответствует требованиям). Показатель количества мезофильных аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов (КМАФАнМ) имел достаточно низкие значения, также в пределах нормы. Анализ пищевого яйца на содержание солей тяжёлых металлов (кадмия, мышьяка, свинца) также показал, что их концентрация в продукте была достаточно низкой. Содержание ртути в пищевых яйцах установлено не было. Содержание пестицидов в пищевом яйце не обнаружено. По результатам молекулярно-биологических исследований можно судить об экологической безопасности продукции. Нами выполнено количественное определение генно-инженерных модифицированных организмов растительного происхождения, ни в одном из рассматриваемых образцов не было обнаружено рекомбинантной ДНК, что свидетельствует о соответствии качества продукта. Наши исследования показали, что продукция птицефабрики ОАО «Волжанин», благодаря применяемым системам сертификации, соответствует требованиям государственных стандартов. Enterprises producing food products must carry out quality control, namely, have mandatory certification in the GOST P system the main documents of which are a certificate of conformity and a declaration of conformance with established standards. OAO "Volzhanin" specializes in the production of chicken eggs in the Yaroslavl region, which has a food quality and safety policy confirmed by Russian and international certificates of conformity: Eco-Product, HACCP ISO 9001, ISO 22000, Halel, FSSC 22000. For veterinary-sanitary examination samples of eggs of the CO, С1, С2 categories, chicken special food table eggs "Umnitsa", "Omega-3" and "Derevenskie uzory" were taken. The results of organoleptic researches have shown that the food egg produced at OAO "Volzhanin" has high quality indicators inherent in high-quality products. Evaluation of microbiological indices of the test samples showed that microorganisms of the group of pathogenic coliform bacillus (coliform) and salmonella during the analyzed period were not detected (satisfies the requirements). The quantity index of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms (QMAOAnM) had rather low values also within normal limits. Analysis of the food egg for the content of salts of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, lead) also showed that their concentration in the product was quite low. The mercury content in food eggs has not been established. No pesticide content was found in the food eggs. According to the results of molecular biological researches one can judge the environmental safety of products. We quantified genetically engineered modified organisms of plant origin and no recombinant DNA was found in any of the samples under examination which indicates the conformity of product quality. Our researches have shown that the products of the OAO "Volzhanin" poultry farm thanks to the applied certification systems satisfy the requirements of state standards.

Epizootology and biochemical Pparameters of Dogs with babesiosis in barnaul

The purpose of the research is studying the epizootology of babesiosis and biochemical parameters of dogs with babesiosis in Barnaul. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Epizootology, Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Altai State Agrarian University and at the Barnaul Central Veterinary Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed according to the laboratory research journal from 2013 to 2017. Babesiosis was diagnosed based on clinical evidence and microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total and conjugated bilirubin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, calcium and phosphorus contained in the blood serum was determined. In total, 1258 blood samples of dogs of different sex, age and breed were examined. In order to identify age-related features in hematological parameters, we formed 4 groups of 30 dogs in each age group. We studied indicators such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the total number of red blood cells, and white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and color index, and counted formed elements. The spread of ixodic ticks was studied in Barnaul and a suburban area of Chernitsky Forest. Ixodic ticks were collected on flag. A total of 535 live ticks of the Ixodidae family were collected. The species of ixodic ticks was identified using the Guide to arachnoentomoses. Results and discussion. The rate of babesia infection in dogs was 36.3%. Most often babesiosis occurs in outbred dogs, the terrier, German Shepherd dog, Cocker Spaniel, Central Asian Shepherd dog and dachshund. Males, especially those over the age of 8, are more infected with Babesia. Most cases of dog lesions by babesiosis occur in Zheleznodorozhny, Central and Industrial Districts of Barnaul. The disease is diagnosed from early April to late June, and from early August to late October. Significant indicators for identifying the pathology of individual systems and organs of the animal affected by babesiosis are aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, total and conjugated bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. The level of total protein under the age of two years is lowered, while calcium and phosphorus are within physiological values.

FASCIOLOSIS OF CATTLE IN THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Fasciolosis is a helminthozoonotic disease that affects mammals of many species, domestic, wild ruminants and humans. The following species of fasciolae are known: Fasciola hepatica (L., 1758); F. gigantica (Cobbold, 1885); F. jacksoni (Cobbold, 1869); F. halli (Sinitsin, 1933); F. californica (Sinitsin, 1933); F. indica (Warma, 1953). In Russia in ruminants only two species were found: Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Fasciolosis occurs in many countries world-wide and in Russia also. It causes significant economic losses in Russia and has social importance also. Regional aspect of the disease is not sufficiently studied, which became the aim of our study. The aim of the present study: was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolae infection in the cattle in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. Post-mortem veterinary-sanitary examination aimed to detect fasciolae in the liver of the cattle was conducted accordingly to «Pravila veterinarnogo osmotra uboynykh zhivotnykhi veterinarno-sanitarnoy ekspertizy myasa i myasnykh produktov» (17.06.1988) (Rules of veterinary inspection slaughtered animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products). The examinations were performed in 2016 at abattoirs in Balashikha district of the Moscow region. The results of examination of the livers from 250 slaughtered cattle from the Ryazan region, 59 slaughtered cattle from the Voronezh region, 96 slaughtered cattle from the Tula region, 157 from the Smolensk region are as follows: the slaughtered cattle in the Ryazan region were infected with F. hepatica (50 livers out of 250) with an infestation extensity (IE) = 20%, with an infestation intensity II = 9–112 ex/head, the cattle in the Voronezh Region was infected with F. hepatica (12 out of 59) with an infestation extensity (IE) = 20.3%, with an infestation intensity (II) = 5–93 ex/head, the slaughtered cattle from the Tula region were infected with F. hepatica (21 out of 96) with an IE = 21.9%, with an II = 12–117 ex/head, and the cattle from the Smolensk region were infected with F. hepatica (43 livers out of 157) with an IE =2 7.3%, with an II = 21–129 ex/head. The results of the study show that in the Ryazan, Voronezh, Tula and Smolensk Regions disease prevention measures need to be taken by farmers and managers of livestock farms to reduce the impact of the disease.

ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ТОВАРНОЙ РЫБЫ, ВЫРАЩЕННОЙ В ПРУДАХ РЫБОКОМБИНАТА «БИСЕРОВСКИЙ»

The objects of this research were the mirror carp and trout growth in fishfactory «Biserovskiy ». The purpose of this research was veterinary and sanitary estimation of these fish. We conducted a pathoanatomic autopsy and inspection of fish, determined organoleptic characteristics and conducted microbiological investigation on the presence of coliforms (E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus in the fish. Veterinary-sanitary examination was conducted in accordance with the reference book «Veterinary and sanitary examination of freshwater fish» and «The rules of veterinary and sanitary examination of freshwater fish and crawfish». Microbiological investigation was conducted in accordance with «Instruction of sanitary and microbiological control of alimentary products from fish and marine invertebrates», GOST 26670-91 «Food products. Methods for cultivation of microorganisms», GOST 10444.15-94 «Food products. Methods for determination of quantity of mesophilic aerobes and facultative anaerobes», GOST 31747-2012 «Food products. Methods for detection and quantity determination of coliformes », GOST 32031-2012 «Food products. Methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes », GOST 31746-2012 «Food products. Methods for detection and quantity determination of coagulase-positive staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus». According to the results of the research, these fish met the requirements of regulatory documentation, which confirms the safety of products for the consumer. Keywords: fish farming, mirrorcarp, trout, pathological investigation, organoleptic investigation, microbiological investigation, veterinary and sanitary examination.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ЭХИНОКОККОЗА СРЕДИ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА И ОВЕЦ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

In different countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, echinococ- cosis has been found in many species of agricultural and wild animals. In the arti-cle are disrcibed survey facts on features of epizootic process, aspects of a natural outbreak of echinococcosis of animals in the different countries, and results of study-ing of contamination Echinococcus granu-losus (larvae) of sheep and cattle in the Re-public of Tajikistan. According to the results of studies of cattle and sheep, echinococcosis and its mixed forms with other helminthoses are widespread in the Republic of Tajikistan, in some cases with complications of bacterial and viral infections.Depending on the natu-ral-geographical zone of the Republic of Tajikistan, the causative agent of echinococ-cosis circulates in the following parts of the epizootic chain: "cattle - dogs", "sheep - dogs", "sheep - dogs - rodents", "sheep - wild carnivorous Canidae families - synan-thropic rodents". For a clearer picture of the epizootic situation of echinococcosis in the farms of various regions of the Republic of Tajikistan, a statistical analysis for 2005 - 2015 of the results of the post-mortem veter-inary sanitary examination of cadavers and organs of sheep and cattle was carried out.The article presents facts on basis of epizootic and epidemic situation of echino-coccosis is retrospective monitoring of inci-dence, diving the data of post slaughter vet-erinary and sanitary examination of hulks and bodies of animals, carried out at the meat-processing enterprises, and statistics on cases of surgical treatment of a cystic echinococcosis in animals. Analysed de-tailed information on epizootic and epidem-ic process of echinococcosis are used when holding complex preventive, veterinary and sanitary and improving mesures in livestock farms, and settlements of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Trichinellosis in the south and the Far East of the Russian Federation

The evaluated territories have favorable environment for functional foci of trichinellosis. Despite wide spread, natural focality and a large variety of animals that are reservoir hosts of Trichinella, trichinellosis is a preventable invasion. It was possible to maintain a low incidence rate of this disease in the Southern Federal district and North Caucasian Federal District for many years due to veterinary and epidemiological control measures. However, structure of factors that facilitate infestation with trichinellosis in the Far Eastern Federal district is substantially different from the one prevailing in the south territories of the Russian Federation. The major sources of invasion is meat of wild animals and dogs that do not undergo veterinary-sanitary examination. As a result, the Far Eastern Federal district has one of the highest rates of trichinellosis cases registered in the Russian Federation.

Veterinary and sanitary evaluation of rabbit as an important reserve of dietary products

The purpose of the study was to perform a comparative veterinary sanitary examination and vetting the rabbit meat of two breeds, depending on the time of year. The subject of the study was 4-month-old male rabbits raised in the private farm, certified with California matured breeds and a Belgian giant (Flanders). According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of rabbits of 6 heads were formed (2 each in spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons). Before slaughter was determined – the index of abrasion (girth by shoulder blades, divided by the length of the trunk and multiplied by 100%). Carried out anatomical section of carcasses and determined the output of meat. Then they carried out veterinary-sanitary examination by conventional methods. Biochemical studies of meat samples were performed 12 hours after slaughter at storage at 0 – +2 °C. Chemical analysis of the samples included determination of the water content, total protein, ash and macronutrients: Calcium (oxalate method), Phosphorus (photocolorimetric method by A.Yu. Levitsky in AT Usovich's modification). The results were statistically processed using a MS Excel 2003 computer program using a Student's t-test table. The 4-month-old rabbit meat is of California matured breeds and the Belgian giant (flanders) has high, almost equivalent, organoleptic-tasting characteristics. In terms of taste, tenderness, juiciness, color and aroma, the overall average score in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods, respectively, was: California maturity – 4.7–4.8, and 4.6–4.7; Belgian Giant (Flanders) – 4.8–5.0 and 4.7–4.8 points. The broth of experimental rabbit meat had a delicate, sophisticated aroma and taste, good transparency and received the following points on a 5-point system: California matured and flanders in spring and summer – 5.0, in autumn and winter – 4.8 points. A comparative analysis of the breed characteristics of the studied rabbit identical samples revealed that the Belgian giant (flanders) has the highest moisture-holding capacity in the spring-summer period. The amount of bound water in the muscles of 4-month-old rabbits of the Flanders breed is slightly higher, so it will be more tender and juicy after cooking. The highest slaughter yield was determined in 4-month-old rabbits of the Belgian giant (flanders) and Californians reared in the spring-summer period, respectively – 56.51 ± 0.2% and 0.75 ± 0.63% (P ≤ 0.001). Among the 2 breeds of 4-month-old rabbits, the largest live and slaughter weights reached the rabbits grown in spring and summer (respectively: Belgian giant – 3375 ± 27.0 g and 1912.03 ± 19.4 g; Californians – 2956.5 ± 6.74 g and 1502.48 ± 5.89 g (P ≤ 0.001) .The amount of nutrients in rabbit depends on the breed and time of year. The lowest protein content is found in the meat of 4-month-old rabbits of the California maturing breed period) – 15.47 ± 0.58%, and the highest – in 4-month flanders (spring-summer period) – 23.02 ± 0.78% (P ≤ 0.05). not, however, more meaty and less calorie meat is rabbit california matured breed, regardless of the time of year.

Features of seasonal dynamics of sheep Haemonchosis in the territory of Zaporizhzhya region

The article presents the results of studies on the indicators of invasiveness of domestic sheep Ovis aries (Linnaeus, 1758), the causative agent of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi 1803; Cobb 1898) and its characteristics depending on the season in the climatic and geographical conditions of the Zaporizhzhya region. The research was conducted during 2015–2019 on the basis of laboratories of the departments of parasitology and ichthyopathology of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv and Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. Helminths were isolated by the results of complete helminthological sections of the digestive organs of the dead or slaughtered sheep, and the indicators of the extent and intensity of the invasion were established. Specific identification of the identified nematodes was performed taking into account the morphological features of mature males and females. It is proved that H. contortus is a fairly widespread species of nematodes in the population of domestic sheep in the territory of the studied region. The magnitude of the invasion of animals reached 66.36 %, the intensity of the invasion – 25.56 ± 1.51 samples/animal (for fluctuations from 1 to 79 sp./an.). It is noted that the causative agent of Haemonchosis is registered during the year. At the same time, the degree of sheep infection depends on the season of the year and is characterized by certain patterns in the extent and intensity of H. contortus invasion of sheep. The peak of the animals with the nematodes was detected in the autumn-winter period of the year, EI ranged from 73.23 to 78.57 %. The decline in invasion magnitude was observed in spring (52.63 %) and summer (59.68 %). Seasonal fluctuations in the infestation rates had some differences and were characterized by maximum values in the summer and autumn seasons ranging from 27.49 ± 2.52 to 37.35 ± 2.36 samples/animal. During the winter, the intensity of H. contortus infestation in sheep gradually decreased (13.73 ± 2.12 sp/an) and gained minimum values in the spring of the year (10.85 ± 1.78 sp./an). The conducted researches illuminate the current epizootic condition of sheep haemorrhage in the territory of Zaporizhzhya region, expand and supplement the already existing data that will allow to increase the effectiveness of the use of therapeutic and preventive measures in this invasion.

Veterinary-sanitary examination of freshwater fish sold in Irkutsk

The article gives the results of veterinary-sanitary examination of freshwater fish sold in Irkutsk markets. In total, 50 specimens of cooled and frozen fish were examined. Morphological, organoleptic and physic-chemical methods of fish study due to valid State Standard. The studied fish corresponds to: crucian by weight – selected category, roach by length – large category, bass by length – small category, omul and Peled are not divided by weight and length. It has been revealed that according to organoleptic parameters 94.1 % examined fish is of good quality, 5.9 % has doubtful freshness. Physic-chemical study of doubtful freshness samples has proved the results of organoleptic examination.

CYSTICERCUS TENUICOLLIS OF SHEEP IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN AND THE VOLGOGRAD REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Cysticercus tenuicollis (= fine-necked) is a widespread disease in many countries around the world, including in the Russian Federation. However, this disease remains insufficiently studied in the regional aspect, especially in the current newly formed economic conditions for the development of livestock farms in the country, which has become the goal of our work.Objective: to study the distribution of Cysticercus tenuicollis in some areas of the Republic of Dagestan and the Volgograd region of Russia. The work was carried out in one of the slaughterhouses of the Moscow region farm complex. Post-mortem veterinary-sanitary inspection for the detection of fine-intestinal cysticercus in slaughter sheep was carried out according to the "Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products" dated 06.17.1988. As a result of the conducted research, it was found out that in Akushinskiy district of the Republic of Dagestan with Cysticercosis tenuicollis were infected: 21 sheep from the batch of 486 slaughter sheep and 8 sheep from another batch of 400 slaughter sheep in the same region of the republic. And from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region, 6 sheep from the examined 243 slaughter sheep were infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. Extensive invasion of Cysticercus tenuicollisinfection was in the Republic of Dagestan, respectively: 4.32% and 2.0%, and in the Pallas district of the Volgograd region: 2.5%. The data of the veterinary service of the slaughter were also taken into account, according to which in the Gunibskiy district of the Republic of Dagestan 19 sheep from 1,660 slaughtered sheep were infected Cysticercus tenuicollis with an extensive invasion of 2.5% and 40 sheep from 1,926 slaughtered sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region with an extensive invasion of 2.07%. The results of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection of slaughter sheep from the Republic of Dagestan and from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region of Russia showed that farms with a registered tenuikol cysticercosis should be carried out more thoroughly against organizational invasions.

Choosing a proper approach for isolating bacteriophages specific to Flavobacterium genus bacteria

The article presents results of research related to the selection of an effective method for isolating bacteriophages active against bacteria of the genus Flavobacterium. The number of bacterial strains used in the work 3. All strains cultures were obtained from the museum of the department of microbiology, virology, epizootiology and veterinary-sanitary examination of federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University named after PA Stolypin and have tinctorial and biochemical properties characteristic for this genus (and species). The studies consisted of 4 series of experiments. The first series of experiments was connected with the approbation of a technique for isolating a bacteriophage without using an influencing factor. As a result, the desired bacteriophages were not isolated. The second series of experiments consisted in testing the isolation method using an inducing factorultraviolet irradiation. The distance to the objects of irradiation is0.3 m. Exposure time: 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min. The third series of experiments was also associated with the use of inducing factor X-ray irradiation. In the course of the work, three operating modes were determined, each of which differed in the duration of the exposure, the periodicity of the exposure, and the dose received. As a result of studies related to the use of inducing factors, the desired bacteriophages were not identified. The last series of experiments was to allocate bacteriophages from the objects of the natural places сommemorative (possible) existence of the owner (the studied microorganism) and viruses (bacteriophage desired). Three phage isolates were isolated from environmental objects: FL-j-1, FL-pec-2, FL-aq-3. Bacteriophage FL-j-1 is active against a strain of F. johnsoniae VKM B-1426 bacteriophage FL-pec-2 is active against strain F. pectinovorum VKM B-1171 bacteriophage FL-aq-3 strain active against F. aquatile VKPM B-8534. Further studies may be related to study properties of the isolated phages: study of the specificity in respect of this kind of sensitivity study, the study and higher lytic activity, selection of the most promising strains phages further selection of selected phages, as well as studying the possibility of bacteriophages from use in the method of the reaction increase titer phage for the purpose of indicating the microorganism being studied.

The analysis of the dynamics of detection animal’s invasive diseases during veterinary expertise

The main direction of state policy regarding the guaranty safety and quality of animal products is the creation of conditions that are safe for human health during the production and sale of food raw materials. According to current legislation of Ukraine responsibility for the safety of food products placed on the manufacturer but government control plays an important role. This is especially true today, when almost 69.5% of meat is produced in private home farms. It is mainly sold in the agro-industrial markets. The State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety should perform the conditions of modern European regulation and base its activities on the basis of risk assessment. One of the risks are parasitosis, as their negative effect affects the health of millions of people in the world. In this cjnnection the purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the identification of invasive diseases at the stages of slaughter of animals and the sale of slaughter products. Research material was reporting on veterinary medicine (Form № 5-vet and Form № 6-vet) of a number of districts of Odessa region for 2014‒2017. It was founded that 75943 animals were slaughtered in 2014‒2017: 91.18% pigs, 8.14% cattle and 0.68% sheep. The analysis of the dynamics of slaughter, depending on its location, showed that from 41.85% to 99.81% of animals were slaughtered at courtyard. According to the results of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision during the slaughter for the studied years there were no cases of diseases. It was founded that 22617 animal’s carcasses came to the agrofood markets of the regions for the years 2014‒2017, among which 89.56% were pig carcasses, 10,11% cattle carcasses and only 0.33% sheep. According to results of veterinary-sanitary examination in the conditions of SLVSE in the markets, specialists established 351 cases of diseases. In the study of pig carcasses 246 cases of diseases were detected: among them of non-communicable (45.93%) and invasive (54.07%) etiology (echinococcosis). Luring the expertise of cattle carcases was founded 96 cases of diseases: – dicroceliosis (98.96%) and exinococcosis (1.04%); during the expertise of sheep’s carcases – 9 cases of diseases – dicroceliosis (66.67%) and exinococcosis (33.33%). Considering that during the reporting period, according to the results of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision during the slaughter of animals, no cases of diseases were detected, but at the same time the number of cases of detection of invasive diseases during veterinary-sanitary examination in SLVSE on markets constantly increases risk management at the stage of slaughter can be considered not sufficiently effective. Also, the results of our research indicate that the current system for managing the safety of slaughter products is still based primarily on the study of the final product. It does not take into account all possible risks at the previous stages of production. This system can’t fully guarantee to consumer safety of products.

Veterinary-sanitary examination and pathological indicators of wild ducks in Ust-Yansk district of Sakha (Yakutia)

Researches were conducted on the long-tailed ducks (moryanka) procured during the autumn and spring period in the Ust Yansk district of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Meat of ducks in autumn and spring was more well-fed, than during the spring period. An autopsy evidences that in organs and tissues of all ducks there were no special visible changes. According to the results of organoleptic, physical and chemical, microscopical and microbiological analysis, and according to the content of pesticides it was established that meat of ducks conform to requirements of normative documents. Veterinary and sanitary assessment evidences that meat of wild ducks is recommended for the use in the alimentary purposes.

Monitoring of separate elements of the management system for the safety of slaughter products of small cattle

The problem of providing the population with food is one of the most important and complex among the problems that society faces today. Food must not only meet the human needs for essential nutrients and energy, but also perform preventive and curative functions. Mutton is one of the foods that meets these requirements. It is distinguished by its high nutritional properties and taste. It can be a potential source of various pathogens and pollutants under certain condition that will pose a risk to the health of the consumer. Monitoring of separate elements of the safety and quality management system of slaughter products of small cattle under the influence of epidemiological (veterinary) factors was the aim of our research. Reporting on veterinary medicine issues in the Tatarbunarsky district of the Odessa region for 2013–2017, which was processed statistically, was the material of our research. It found that the main specific mass of number of small cattle grown in Homstead farms by inhabitants of the area. The district veterinary service carried out a number of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures during the trial period. In the Household farms only mandatory activities were carried out, which are founded from the budget account (serological tests for brucellosis and preventive vaccination against Anthrax). Analysis of the volumes and conditions of slaughter of small cattle in the area showed that the number of slaughtered animals invariably decreases from year to year and 100% of slaughter is carried out by the farmer in the conditions of homestead farms. It was also established that in the experimental period, according to results of pre-slaughter clinical examination of animals and post-slaughter examination no cases of illness were identified. Selling of slaughter products of small cattle is carried out through a distributing facilities of agrofood markets of district and region. The analysis found that all carcasses that entered to the markets succumbed to veterinary-sanitary examination in State Laboratories of Veterinary-Sanitary Examination, the results of which in 2015 and 2016 reveald cases of invasive diseases (fasciolosis and echinococcosis). This fact is worrying about the quality of its conducts in the conditions of the household slaughter, accuming that during the post-slaughter veterinary-sanitary examination no cases of illness have been identified. Summarizing the monitoring results we obtained, we concluded that at this stage the safety management system for the products of slaughter of small cattle cannot fully guarantee consumer safety and requires urgent complex measures to increase efficiency.

Express methods for determining the processing of meat by disinfectants during storage and sale

The need to improve the control of meat slaughter animals and poultry in their rigging to develop modern express methods that have credibility in the indicators within and 99,4 to 99.9%, and can be used along with other methods to determine their quality and safety in the manufacturing laboratory facilities for meat processing, slaughtering companies and companies with sales and storage of meat (supermarkets, wholesale warehouses, refrigerators and the like), in the state laboratories of veterinary medicine and in laboratories of veterinary-sanitary examination of agro-industrial markets. Despite the fact that the responsibility for the safety and quality of food of animal origin is entrusted to the manufacturer, the protection of consumer health is always under control of the state. To ensure consumers receive safe and high quality meat need to develop new rapid methods for their adequate control. Especially relevant are the research directions for the development of rapid methods to objectively assess the safety and quality of meat of slaughtered animals and poultry during storage, and the implementation or use for the production of meat products. In stores, supermarkets, wholesale bases, the agricultural markets during the implementation of the meat of slaughtered animals and poultry it is often possible to detect the adulteration of meat for the handling of formalin, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, potassium permanganate for long-term storage and eliminate the signs of damage. Therefore, we have performed experimental studies and developed rapid methods to identify this type of fraud. Developed rapid methods for the determination of adulteration of meat of slaughter animals and poultry with formalin, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, potassium permanganate are simple to implement and their results specific quality indicators. Therefore, these rapid methods are available us along with other methods for determining the quality and safety of meat slaughtered animals and poultry (determination of organoleptic, the content of amino-ammoniac nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, pH, etc). These methods can be used in determining the safety and quality of meat of slaughtered animals and poultry during storage, and the implementation of laboratories at the facilities of meat processing, supermarkets, wholesale bases, in government veterinary laboratories and laboratories of veterinary-sanitary examination of agro-industrial markets.

Monitoring of epidemiological factors in the system of safety and quality management for the products of slaughter of cattle

Food security is one of the priorities of the state. The livestock sector is an important source of food resources. The purpose of our research was to monitor the elements of the safety and quality of the management system for the slaughter of cattle for the effects of the epidemiological (veterinary) factors. The material of our research was the reporting on veterinary medicine in the Tulchynsky District of Vinnytsya Oblast between the years 2013–2017, which we statistically processes. The analysis revealed over the last five years, outbreaks of rabies, leukemia of the cattle and pasteurellosis have been recorded in the area, and the number of leukemia foci of bovine animals decreases year by year, and pasteurelosis is gaining more and more epizootic significance. It was based on the reports provided prophylactic antiepizootic measures are constantly being carried out in the region. Thus, during the years 2013–2017, clinical, laboratory and serological studies of the cattle population were conducted in the district the stock was vaccinated, treatment and preventive treatments and veterinary and sanitary works were carried out. Analysis of the data on the volume of these measures demonstrate in most of cases they are carried out only in the agricultural enterprises, not covering the number of individual farmsteads of the inhabitants of the district. In private farms, mostly, only compulsory measures are funded from state budget. Such as tuberculinisation, serological studies for leukemia and brucellosis, vaccination against anthrax. After analyzing the number of the slaughtered cattles in the area, we found that 93.42% of the slaughter took place in the meat processing enterprises. During the research period, according to findings results of pre-slaughter clinical examination of animals, 185 were diagnosted, and during the post-mortem veterinary examination 8282 cases of diseases were detected. The study of the etiology of the revealed diseases, found all diseases revealed as a result of clinical examination before the slaughter were non-contagious, and from diseases revealed by the results of veterinary-sanitary examination after slaughter 83.17% were non-contagious, and the rest (16.83%) – invasive. Regarding the structure of detected invasive diseases, echinococcosis and fasciolysis were recorded. The correlation between the number of cases of detection during the post-mortem veterinary examination of invasive illnesses and the treatmentes-prophylactic treatments established a direct pattern between them: the number of treatment and prevention treatments for livestock from year to year increases, cases of detection of invasive diseases decrease. In general, the monitoring of epidemiological factors in the Tulchinsky district of the Vinnytsia region indicates that the system for managing the safety and quality products of slaughter of cattle is effective enough. But the facts that antiepizootic veterinary measures do not cover the entire livestock population of the district and the proportion of slaughter of cattle occurs in the yard, causing concern, and significantly reduce the effectiveness of the management system. Therefore, in our opinion, it can not be argued that the safety and quality control system for cattle slaughter products in the area fully guarantees the safety of the consumer.

Microbiological nutrient media the new format in the veterinary-sanitary assessment food and raw materials of animal origin

The main task of veterinary-sanitary examination is to prevent infectious and parasitic diseases that spread among humans and animals through food, feed and industrial products of animal and vegetable origin. This is very important conduct microbiological raw material quality control, food production and disinfection measures carried out, aimed at the reorganization of the production environment. In this connection, development of methods acquires relevance rapid microbiological analysis to identify organisms of sanitary illustrative and other pathogens in a variety of materials. The aim of this work is the comparative study of the effectiveness of the practical use of classical bacteriological culture media and nutrient media of a new format in the veterinary and sanitary evaluation of food and animal feed. As part of this work the traditional media (agar Baird-Parker) and culture media of the new format - 3M™ Petrifilm™ Staph Express Count Plate (STX) were subjected to comparative study in terms of sensitivity and the time required to identify cells S. aureus . The procedures described in ISO 31746-2012 and MUK 42.2884-11 were taken as research algorithms. For the purity of the experiment using artificially contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus cells of the raw milk of cows. 3M™ Petrifilm™ Staph Express Count Plate (STX) may be used in the food industry and regulatory authorities in monitoring to obtain objective information on the contamination of raw materials and food products dangerous pathogens in a very short period of time. This in turn is necessary for the removal of low-quality products from the retail network and avoid poor-quality raw materials to produce products without heat obrabotku. Takzhe it should be noted that due to the simplicity of seeding procedure there is no need for qualified personnel at the stage of sowing and the initial evaluation results. Also achieved significant savings in time, consumables and media at the stage of the primary planting material using the 3M™ Petrifilm™.

Efficiency of probiotic feed additive «PROPOUL plv» in feeding quail

In the publication the expediency of the application of feed additive probiotic «PROPOUL plv» in feeding quail of the egg direction of productivity is justified, the impact of which is not sufficiently studied in their productivity, morphological and physiological–biochemical parameters. The studies were conducted in conditions of the enterprise "Bar–room" by the stuff of the Department of animal nutrition and feed technology on four groups of chickens–quail and later on adult chickens. For the experiment there were four groups of chickens–quail formed in the number of 100 heads in each group which were fed according to the scheme, which included the consumption of drinking water with the dissolved powdered feed additive with the calculation 4,6,8 g per 1 litre of water, the first group of control, the second, third, fourth were experimental. It is established that the use of the feed additive «PROPOUL plv» together with drinking water has a positive effect on the morphological composition of quail eggs. The mass of albumen and yolk in the third and fourth groups was higher. The similar situation is observed in terms of the meat indicators, which gives the possibility to claim about the feasibility of using probiotic feed additive «PROPOUL plv» in quails feeding. As it is indicated by the results obtained, the investigated samples of meat of the control and experimental groups of quails meet the requirements on all the indicators of veterinary–sanitary examination. The use of feed additives «PROPOUL plv» in the nutrition of poultry did not adversely affect the qualitative characteristics of the meat. This is proved by the absence of breakdown of the primary products of protein, as well as by such important indicators as the ph level of the meat, the reaction to the ammonia, peroxidase, acid number, microscopy of smears of muscles. Thus, the results of the evaluation confirm the suitability of the quail meat for food purposes at an optimal dose of feed additive in the dose of 6 – 8 g/l of drinking water.

ОБСІМЕНІННЯ САЛЬМОНЕЛАМИ ЯЛОВИЧИНИ І СВИНИНИ, ЯКІ НАДХОДЯТЬ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЮ З ПРИСАДИБНИХ І ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ

Today in Ukraine, nearly all the meat that comes for sale on the agro–industrial markets, produced in farms and private households, where the conditions to receive it, unfortunately, do not guarantee its sanitary quality. Meat rarely get from sick animals are not always fulfilled the requirements for slaughtering and primary processing of carcasses, storage and transportation. Such violations may result in contamination of the slaughter of microorganisms, including salmonella, in turn, contribute to the occurrence of damage processes meat and risks of occurrence of food poisoning, and therefore is a threat to consumers.According to international requirements and the state «the minimum list of research ...» microflora content in meat rationed and microbiological research of meat and meat products are required. But in a state laboratories of veterinary–sanitary expertise in markets, livestock microbiologically investigate.Given the above, we examined the degree of contamination with salmonella carcasses of cattle and pigs that come for sale on the markets of agro farms and private households, salmonella. The study was carried out of the market. Mykolaiv. Research subject carcasses that passed veterinary and sanitary examination in terms of state laboratory of veterinary–sanitary examination of the market, the results of which were accepted for implementation.The results of our studies on pig carcasses 11.1% and 9.1% of carcasses of cattle that came to the market and were made to implement, isolated salmonella Worms for serological and biochemical properties were attributed to serovariantiv S. typhimurium (25.0% ), S. enteritidis (18.7%), S. cholera suis (37.5%) and S. raratyphi (18.7%).Further studies to determine the pathogenic properties of isolated cultures found that 93.7% of them are pathogenic properties inherent in varying degrees, and 18.7% of selected crops (serovarianty S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium) found a high degree of pathogenicity.Investigation of the thermal stability of isolated cultures set high temperature resistant crops serovariantiv S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium – death at a temperature of 90 °C drew after 10 minutes.Our results indicate that under the current system status monitoring safety of meat, there is no preventive aspect, required by international standards, and meat which is sold in the markets can be a source of food poisoning and salmonellosis etiology constitute a danger for the consumer.

ЧУТЛИВІСТЬ ЗБУДНИКІВ БАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ХВОРОБ ПТИЦІ ДО АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ

The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs without control may leads to the development of numerous complications and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs should are controlled on poultry farms. That is why the monitoring and determination of sensitivity of bacterial diseases agents to antimicrobial drugs are very important. Results of salmonellas’ and kolibakterias’ monitoring in poultry’s farms of Ukraine are introduced in the article. Researches were conducted at the Department of veterinary sanitary examination, microbiology, zoohygiene and safety and quality of livestock products of Sumy NAU. Sampling for microbiological studies was conducted from the hatchery and from pathological material and premises where poultry of different age groups was held. The spread of the disease, morbidity, mortality, mortality rate, age characteristics, economic loss what diseases cause to the poultry farms were counted. Identification of Salmonella and Escherichia was conducted by ELISA with using of RIDASCREEN® and LOCATE® test systems, according to methodical recommendations of RIDASCREEN® and LOCATE® test systems using. The results were read visually or after addition of storageco with ELISA–photometer (reader) at 450 nm. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by disco – diffusion method in agar. Microbiological monitoring of a number of poultry farms in Ukraine has shown that agents of bacterial diseases’ are widely spread. Between the isolated microflora largest number were accounted for Salmonella (54.1%) and the Escherichia (30.8 per cent). The rest (15,1%) were isolated cultures of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Campylobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Clostridia Citrobacter. This indicates that systematic control over the availability of the causative agents of bacterial infections in all critical points of production of poultry products is very necessary. Among isolates that were isolated from ill poultry and poultry objects, differences in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents from active substances that officially have registered in our country were discovered. Bactericidal activity of relatively isolated cultures was showed by colistin, ftorfenicol, zeftiocur, TimTil 250, doxicyclin, enroxil and sarafloxacin.