Vestibular Stability Research Articles

The Impact of Health-promoting Technologies on University Students’ Physical Development

Aim: To investigate the impact of training sessions on the ground of health-promoting technologies upon students’ physical development in higher educational institutions. Materials and Methods: A group of 50 female students aged 17 to 22 was under our observation for a year. All of them were divided into the experimental (E) and the control (C) groups. The E group female students (n=25) were regularly involved in training sessions using health-promoting technologies, the C group female students (n=25) did not take part in this type of activities. Results: The positive impact of training sessions based on health-promoting technologies upon the physical development of the E group students was revealed. A significantly better level of strength and flexibility development was noted in the E group students, compared to the C one. A statistically significant difference was found after the experiment in the E group students’ indicators of static balance, vestibular stability, accuracy of assessment of strength, time and spatial parameters of movements. Conclusions: A rationally constructed system of training sessions based on health-promoting technologies stimulates biological processes, supports the functioning of both individual organs and the students’ body as a whole. This will contribute to strengthening students’ health, increasing their motor activities, improving the efficiency of both learning and future professional activities.

ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ВЕСТИБУЛЯРНОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ В СТРУКТУРЕ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНО-КООРДИНАЦИОННЫХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ ЗАНИМАЮЩИХСЯ СПОРТИВНЫМИ ВИДАМИ ЕДИНОБОРСТВ

The problem of vestibular stability displaying is considered depending on individual parameters of motor-coordination abilities of those practicing martial arts. Methods and organization of the research. 161 male athletes engaged in kickboxing, boxing, karate, hand-to-hand fighting, sports wrestling, etc. took part in the testing. The average age was 21.3 years old, the average experience – 9.5 years. This group of athletes was divided into two subgroups: the first one with a high level of vestibular stability, the other one – with a low level of vestibular stability. Studying the parameters of motor-coordination abilities was conducted according to a ten-point scale; symmetry-asymmentry of athletes’ limbs was conducted according to a six-point scale and the subjective assessment of an athlete. The integral indicator of motor-coordination abilities was determined by the sum of points of all parameters studied. Sportsmanship was assessed according to one hundred-point scale. Research results. It is revealed that the group with a higher level of vestibular stability is different from the group with a low level of vestibular stability at a reliable level towards higher values in the following parameters: speed of change of motor actions; time differentiation of individual phases of technical action; orientation in space; coordination of different body parts’ movements; stability of the kinematic movement structure; accuracy of spatial characteristics; preservation of stability; integral indicator of movement coordination. There were also significant differences in the parameters of symmetry and asymmetry of performing technical actions in a duel, mainly with both arms or both legs. In regard to the influence of the level of sportsmanship and the experience of sports on the display of vestibular static-dynamic stability, there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion. The features of vestibular stability manifestation in the structure of individual parameters of motor-coordination abilities of those engaged in martial arts are revealed.

One-Time Cortical Lamina: A New Technique for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation. A Case Series

The aim of this case series is to introduce the One-Time Cortical Lamina Technique, a simplification of the F.I.R.S.T. (Fibrinogen-Induced Regeneration Sealing Technique) in cases where only horizontal augmentation is needed. The indications for this technique are ASA2 and ASA1 anxious patients. Pre-requisites for this surgical technique are: a good amount of keratinized tissue, sufficient alveolar ridge width for placement of implants, thickness of vestibular bone at CBCT planning less than 1 mm with risk of threads exposure. Five patients with horizontal deficiencies were selected to test the efficacy of this approach. The defects were augmented using a porcine cortical bone lamina in combination with collagenated porcine bone mixed with fibrin sealant. The cortical lamina was placed only buccal to the implants and stabilized with fibrin sealant, without pins or screws. Upon completion of the implant surgery, healing abutments were connected to the implants and the soft tissue sutured around them. The healing was uneventful in all cases. Six months after surgery impressions for final restorations were taken and screwed crowns delivered. The new volume had hard consistency and the follow-up CBCT measured an average of 4.17 mm of horizontal bone augmentation. One to three years of follow up demonstrated the maintenance of vestibular volume, hard consistency and clinical stability. Intraoral X-rays showed no marginal bone loss. An advantage of this technique could be the one stage surgery that creates a stable environment for regeneration from day one.

The influence of speed-strength training on the vestibular stability of children aged 13-14 years with different strength of the nervous system

The aim is to determine the effect of speed-strength exercises on the vestibular stability of schoolchildren with different nervous systems. Research methods: The pedagogical experiment was conducted from January 12 to March 20, 2020 in Kirov, Russia, school number 60. The study involved children aged 13-14. 20 students from grade 7a and 20 students from grade 7b. Children from class 7a were engaged in the usual program, and children from class 7b additionally performed speed-strength exercises. Children from grade 7b were differentiated into two subgroups taking into account the strength of the nervous system, a «tapping test» was used. Vestibular stability of schoolchildren was measured using the test «Turns on the gymnastic bench». The data were analyzed using the Student's T-test. Results of the study: after the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of vestibular stability in schoolchildren in all subgroups improved, but in different ways. In children from grade 7a, the indicators improved slightly, only by 6-7% (p>0.05). In schoolchildren from grade 7b, the indicators improved significantly. In children with a strong nervous system, the indicators improved by 21% (p>0.05), and in children with a weak nervous system - by 18% (p>0.05). Conclusion: if at each physical education lesson at school children will additionally perform speed and strength exercises, then the indicators of vestibular stability will improve. Physical activity should be differentiated taking into account the strength of the nervous system of schoolchildren.

Using Movement Games in Physical Education Class to Improve Physical Fitness and Stabilize Vestibule for Children Aged 6 to 7 years

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of motor games to improve physical fitness and vestibular stability in primary school students aged 6-7 years. The study was carried out based on semi-boarding primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study was carried out with 142 students in grade 1 and grade 2, who are divided into four groups (male and female experimental group; male and female control group). The indicators of fitness status and vestibular stability of 6-7-year-old students before and after using motor games during PE lessons showed superiority compared to the control group. The study showed positive effects of guiding motor games and outdoor games on fitness status and vestibular stability. The indicators of fitness and vestibular stability of students in the experimental group are higher than the control group and their reliability (р< 0.05). Therefore, it is important to research and select the movement games suitably for the characteristics and interests of students and organize their application in practice. In reality, through the process of using conventional scientific research methods in the field of physical education, this study has selected four new movement games to help develop physical fitness and vestibular stability for primary school students aged 6-7 years old in Ho Chi Minh City and apply it in practice. The study process is carried out in two forms: Educational outdoor activities and extracurricular activities in the Physical Education period. The initial results of the application showed that the selected motor games have developed physical strength, stabilized the vestibule for primary school students aged 6-7 in Ho Chi Minh City, and created excitement in the physical education classes for primary school students.

On the Issue of Functional Vestibular Disorders and Methods of Their Correction in Foreign Students

Vestibular stimulations influence the somatic-vegetative functions of the organism, including the muscular system. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle among students and, especially foreign students, in combination with a prolonged fixed position of the head, promotes to the development of functional-vestibular disorders. This affects both the academic progress and health state of these students. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of vestibular disorders of the motor and visual analyzers, with the following correction of these disorders by using relax gymnastics with yoga elements. Materials and methods. The study was carried out during 4 months, and included 52 students from India, studying at the 2nd year of Kharkiv National Medical University. A block of anamnestic and diagnostic-instrumental research methods was used. Results and discussion. As a result of the observations, it was found that the initial level of body physical development and the degree of an adequacy of the mode of mental work and rest to the nature of the educational process play a large role in the degree of occurrence of vestibular reactions. Particular attention was paid to the assessment of vestibular stability, which was reduced in 21 out of 52 students, which was noted on the basis of the presence of 2 or more parameters defined during the study. These students were included in the experimental group (12 people) and the control group (9 people). All these students had either a reduced level of physical development or various deviations in the level of body physical development. For the students of experimental group three-months cycle of relax-training gymnastics with yoga elements was proposed. For all students, vestibular irritations reduced the accuracy of the performed movements, but for students with a reduced level of physical development, these indicators were worse and more stable. As a result, the students of the experimental group demonstrated positive dynamics of the correction for vestibular adaptation to the studying process in comparison with the students of the control group that did not demonstrate the same results. Conclusion. The results of the investigation which was carried out allow to formulate the following conclusions: 1) Vestibular reactions depend on the initial level of physical development of students and the nature of the educational process; 2) Regular stimulations of the vestibular apparatus on the background of relaxation and training exercises with yoga elements contribute to an increase in the motor functions of the body; 3) Vestibular irritations cause more frequent and expressed somatic reactions in comparison with vegetative ones

The coordination abilities development in female students based on dance exercises

Background and Study Aim. The physical fitness of students is characterized by the level of their abilities development to perform movements of varying complexity. One of the important components in the system of movements is coordination skills. The aim of the study is to identify the level of special and general coordination of students majoring in "Choreography" and provide recommendations for the development of coordination skills in the process of studying modern-jazz dance.&#x0D; Material and Methods. The study involved students of the first and second year of study (n = 10, at the beginning of the study (1 year) age - 17.4 ± 0.7 years) majoring in "Choreography". Tests were used to determine the level of development of general and special coordination skills. The level of coordination readiness at the beginning of training and after three semesters of training was determined. The study was conducted over three semesters (September 2019 - December 2020). Curricula for students’ training do not include the discipline "Physical Education". The development of physical qualities is the task of special subjects in the course of professional training: 16 hours per week. The workload of students in modern-jazz dance was 2 hours a week. Forms of study for a certain period - full-time (70%), online learning (10%), mixed (20%). In September 2019 and in December 2020, the same students passed selected tests.&#x0D; Results. The following significant changes in increasing the coordination level of the abilities were determined: to control temporal and spatial factors of movements; coordination of movements in combination; vestibular stability; musical-rhythmic coordination (p &lt;0.01). The proposed technique assumes that at the first stage of studying modern jazz dance two, three, four centers are coordinated in simultaneous parallel movement.&#x0D; Conclusions. The need to improve the curriculum of modern jazz dance, the introduction of additional courses to the educational program in the major "Choreography". The technical and lexical base of modern jazz dance in combination with special physical training provides opportunities for the coordination skills development in choreographers.

METHODS OF RESEARCH OF THE FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS IN CHILDREN WITH SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

The article considers research methods and features of the functional state of the vestibular apparatus and vestibular disorders in children with sensorineural hearing loss. We used the methods of analysis, generalization and systematization of data from domestic and foreign literature sources on methods of studying the vestibular apparatus in children with sensorineural hearing loss. It was determined that the function of balance and coordination of movements is one of the most complex, and consists of several analyzers - visual, vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile. When studying the physical development of children with this pathology, attention is paid to the formation of the main static-dynamic and coordination capabilities according to the age of the child. In children with congenital sensorineural deafness, and especially double deafness, there are signs of vestibular insufficiency and impaired translational control, movement and gait. This affects the development of gross motor functions, such as sitting and walking, to a lesser extent affects fine motor skills, if there are no layers of other pathologies of the central nervous system.&#x0D; The pathological process in the auditory analyzer changes the function of the vestibular apparatus, due to their close location in the labyrinth and innervation by one cranial nerve, and in turn changes in the vestibular apparatus contribute to the formation of motor disorders. Therefore, we can observe a certain general principle of operation of the auditory and vestibular systems. At children who have low vestibular stability any turns, inclinations, sharp change of a direction of movement causes imbalance of coordination and balance of movements. All these delays in physical development, according to many authors, are cumulative in character and are caused by the hearing defect itself, insufficient information from the environment, difficulty expressing thoughts and desires verbally, as well as the state of the motor analyzer and vestibular activity. Children with hearing impairment have an insufficient level of coordination development, physical development, static and dynamic balance, spatial orientation. Researches of the vestibular apparatus, namely the functions of coordination and balance are carried out in several categories: the research of tonic vestibular reactions, coordination of movements and static and dynamic balance. Researches of tonic vestibular reactions are performed on the following tests: the test with outstretched arms, Vodak-Fisher test, pointing test Barani, finger-nose test, Holmagi test. Researches of static and dynamic equilibrium are carried out on the samples of Romberg, Grahe, Oppenheim, walking in a straight line. When analyzing these samples, we can talk about the degree of violation of coordination and stato-dynamic balance.&#x0D; As a result of vestibular compensation, children with sensorineural deafness can catch up with their peers with normal hearing with the help of visual and somato-sensory systems, pyramidal and extra-pyramidal systems.

Modeling: ratio between means of teaching and motor training in junior school physical education classes

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the ratio between means of teaching and motor training in junior school physical education classes.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 32 boys who were 8 years old at the beginning of the experiment. They were randomly divided into four groups of eight people each. A pedagogical experiment was conducted using a 22 full factorial design. The study recorded the following indicators: number of repetitions required to teach exercises; grade for a unidirectional movement coordination exercise (test 1); grade for a multidirectional movement coordination exercise (test 2); error in time accuracy of performing the squat thrust (test 3); error in time accuracy of 5 jumps on marks in 5 s (test 4); error in assessing muscular effort with visual control (test 5); vestibular stability, error (test 6). The obtained experimental material was processed statistically using statistical analysis software packages (SPSS 20).&#x0D; Results. According to the logistic function analysis, the achievement of an optimal result in differentiating temporal characteristics of movement requires 8.5 months, strength characteristics of movement – 8 months, movement coordination – 8 months, vestibular analyzer stability – 10 months. It takes 3 to 5 months to obtain positive increases in testing results in boys aged 8-9. The ratio of time allotted for strength training (ST) and coordination training (CT) to teaching motor actions (TMA) varies as 1:4 (ST: TMA) and 1:4.5 (CT: TMA).&#x0D; Conclusions. The ratio of time allotted for strength training, coordination training, and teaching to the time of the main part of the class ranges between 14.3-23.5% (strength training), 17.1-23.5% (coordination training), and 53.0-68.6% (teaching). As exercises become more complicated, the time allotted for strength and coordination training increases.

Development of Professionally Important Qualities of Cadets by Means of Handball

The basis for the reliability of professional knowledge, skills, and abilities is a high level of development of physical, psychological, and psychophysiological qualities, which are formed in the process of studying at the flight academy by complex means, one of which is physical training. Targeted physical training classes can not only improve health and emotional tone, but also develop professionally important psychophysiological qualities. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the importance of handball for the development of professionally important qualities of Future Flight Academy specialists. To achieve this purpose, methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalisation of scientific and educational literature on the research problem were used. The article reveals the importance of handball in the development of physical and psychophysiological qualities of cadets, as well as presents exercises and focused training for the development of physical qualities of future specialists who master aviation specialisations. The characteristic features of the influence of handball on the comprehensive development of cadets' personality are determined. It was established that systematic handball classes develop cadets' basic physical and psychophysiological qualities, important for professions of operator profile: emotional and vestibular stability; volume, distribution and switching of attention; the ability to extrapolate the development of the situation; the ability to quickly make decisions, and a number of other qualities that determine success in professional training of cadets of the academy. It is proved that handball is of great importance for the comprehensive development of future specialists, as well as their professionally important qualities. It is confirmed that the physical training of cadets of the flight academy using game sports, in particular handball, is an active method of successful implementation of their professional training. The results obtained will serve as a perspective for an empirical study of the relevance of the problem

Use of Exercise Classics in Physical Education Classes for the Development of Vestibular Stability of Schoolchildren

Aim: to determine the influence of exercise Classics on the development of vestibular stability of schoolchildren aged 9-10. Methods: the study was conducted over a period of 9 months, and 40 9-10-year-old schoolchildren took part in. Physical education classes were held 2 times a week for 40 minutes each lesson. The level of development of coordination abilities was assessed on the run test, and the indicators of vestibular stability on the on the gym bench test. The programs bio-stat 2009, Microsoft excel 2016 and t-student were used for mathematical and statistical processing of results. Results: at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of school children between the groups did not have significant differences (P>0.05). At the end of the study, the indicators in both groups improved. In CG, in the Shuttle run test, the indicators improved from 10.2±0.6 to 9.9±0.5 (P>0.05); and in the vestibular stability test, the indicators improved by 2.9% (P>0.05). In EG, in the run 3x10 m test, performance improved from 9.9±0.5 to 8.5±0.4 (P<0.05), and in the Turns on the gym bench test, performance improved by 34.8%. These results indicate the effectiveness of using exercise Classics in physical education lessons in working with younger schoolchildren. Conclusion: if you perform a Classical exercise in physical education classes at school, you will improve not only the indicators of coordination abilities, but also the vestibular stability of schoolchildren.

Complex development of vestibular stability in acrobatics at the stage of initial training

The program of development of vestibular stability at young acrobats which is calculated for 6 months is developed. Thus, in the training process of acrobats of the experimental group, along with the program material, additional complexes of special exercises and moving games aimed at developing the functionality of the vestibular analyzer were additionally included. The proposed program included: general motor and special motor training; choreography (dance art) - elements of "small school", musical-rhythmic education, musical and acrobatic games, improvisations; trampoline exercises; general physical training and development of special physical qualities; technical training in the types of acrobatics - mastering the preparatory, supply and the simplest basic elements; control standards. The initial level of static and dynamic balance and vestibular stability of young acrobats is determined and established. It is assumed that the introduction into the training process of sets of special exercises aimed at improving the functionality of the vestibular analyzer, will improve the vestibular stability of the acrobats of the experimental group.

Vestibular stability and performance of game players 7-8 and 10 years old

Vestibular stability and performance of game players 7-8 and 10 years old

РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АДАПТАЦИИ КАРДИОГЕМОДИНАМИКИ К НАГРУЗКАМ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ МОДАЛЬНОСТИ У БОКСЁРОВ

Ensuring a high level of fitness is directly related to the improvement of regulatory mechanisms in response to external stimuli. The leading role in the complex neurodynamics underlying the reactions of balance, orientation in space and coordination of movements in the dynamic conditions of boxing belongs to the vestibular analyzer and the complex system of unconditional vestibulosomatic and vestibulovegetative reflexes. Under the action of vestibular stimuli during training in boxers, the participation of vegetative components in the response of the body increases sharply and can lead to the appearance of a stress response. In qualified boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability, which can be used to rank boxers according to the degree of their adaptive capabilities. Given the changes in the mechanisms of vegetative regulation in contingents with different levels of vestibular stability, the question arises of a quantitative assessment of the qualitative effects of the vestibular apparatus on the vegetative support of activity. Methods of measuring vegetative regulation reserves in order to analyze the effectiveness of the training process are insufficiently covered in literary sources. In this regard, the aim of our study was to identify the regulatory features of the adaptation of cardiohemodynamics to loads of different modality in boxers and the possibility of using the coefficient of vegetative-vestibular adaptivity (Cvva) in the quantitative assessment of regulatory reserves. It was revealed that the level of adaptation of boxers to physical and vestibular loads is directly related to the vegetative provision of cardiohemodynamics when performing loads of different modality and depends on the level of qualification or training experience, as well as the level of general physical performance. In boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability. In qualified athletes at rest, the indices of heart rate and double work were significantly lower with an increase in the ability to perform physical load, and the values of VO2 max in experienced boxers exceeded the values of beginner boxers by 19.2 % (p&lt;0.01). Reflecting the reduced reserves of adaptation to vestibular load, the coefficient of stability in the group of novice athletes was twice significantly higher than the data in the group of qualified boxers, and with a decrease in the level of vestibular stability in boxers, the coefficient of vegetative and vestibular adaptability also increased. Thus, both the energy and regulatory components form the adaptation of boxers to training loads, the integral indicator of which can be the mechanisms of regulation of cardiac activity.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СРЕДСТВ МОЗЖЕЧКОВОЙ СТИМУЛЯЦИИ В ВЕСТИБУЛЯРНОЙ ГИМНАСТИКЕ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ЗАДЕРЖКОЙ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Introduction. The paper discusses new approaches to timely providing correctional assistance to primary school children with mental retardation. One of the techniques of adaptive physical education for primary school children with mental retardation is vestibular gymnastics, which cannot be attributed only to medical or purely pedagogical methods. To date, there has been no sufficient knowledge about how to use vestibular gymnastics in adaptive physical education of primary school children with mental retardation. However, there is proof that the effective functioning of the vestibular system enhances the efficiency of the brain and reduces behavior and learning problems. Materials and Methods. We propose exercises aimed at stimulating the cerebellum by using the balancing sets of exercises as one of the groups of techniques of our methodology. The assessment of the vestibular stability, which characterizes the effectiveness of the vestibular gymnastics technique, was based on the method of computer posturography. Results. At the end of the experiment, the average values of the statokinesiogram indices of younger school children with mental retardation were close to the lower limit of the indices for normal typical children. Conclusion. The findings indicate the effectiveness of using cerebellar stimulation techniques to optimize the physical fitness and functional status of younger school children with mental retardation.

Gender-Related Peculiarities of 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren’s Motor Fitness

The purpose of the study was to identify gender-related peculiarities of 7-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness. Materials and methods. The study participants were 59 7-year-old schoolchildren (girls – 27, boys – 32). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. The study recorded the primary schoolchildren’s level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The coefficient was determined by the formula: p = (m/n)×100, where p is the level of proficiency, m is the number of successfully performed exercises, n is the total number of attempts to perform the exercise. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: forward roll; backward roll; shoulderstand with bent legs. Results. The differences in the development level of movement coordination of individual parts of the body and vestibular stability are not statistically significant; in the 7-year-old girls and boys, there is a statistically significant difference in the development level of strength, speed strength, speed, endurance, and the level of proficiency in acrobatic exercises. Conclusions. A canonical discriminant function can be used to classify and identify the indicators that have the greatest weight in assessing gender-related peculiarities of 7-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness. In assessing gender-related peculiarities of 7-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness, these indicators include the level of proficiency in acrobatic exercises, the level of relative strength of shoulder flexors, endurance, and speed strength.

Motor Skills in Physical Fitness Structure of 8-Year-Old Girls

The purpose of the study was to determine the priority of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 8-year-old girls. Materials and methods. The study participants were 40 8-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Shoulder stand”, “Bridge from supine position”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 8-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency. The most informative indicators that determine the level of the 8-year-old girls’ motor fitness are: No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.890); No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times” (r = 0.889); No. 13 “Bridge from supine position, level of proficiency” (r = 0.842). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises influences the variation of testing results, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in the exercises “Shoulder stand” and “One leg swing upward circle” shows that the exercises are difficult for 8-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 8-year-old girls’ arm flexors and vestibular stability will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

Peculiarities of Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Girls

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of 9-year-old girls’ motor fitness structure. Materials and methods. The study involved 35 9-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. A graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that the analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 12, 13, 14, and 7, which characterize the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises and relative arm strength; the second – tests No. 1, 10, and 5, which characterize the level of movement coordination development. Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 28.394%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises shows that the exercises “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle” are difficult for 9-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the development of “arm strength” and “vestibular stability” ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of their development level is the reserve in training girls aged 9 which will positively influence the formation of motor skills.

МЕТОДИКА РАЗВИТИЯ ПСИХОМОТОРНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ЛОВКОСТИ ЮНЫХ ВОЛЕЙБОЛИСТОВ

Statement of the problem. In modern scientific methods of sports training, there is no clearly directed principle of agility development. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for the development of agility in young volleyball players through the development of its constituent components: a simple and complex reaction of choice, discriminatory sensitivity of movements, vestibular stability and balance. The research methodology is based on the idea of ​​agility development as a set of psychomotor components, the complex development of all its components: discriminatory sensitivity of movements, simple and complex choice reactions, vestibular stability and balance. The idea is realized on the basis of the use of theoretical methods of analysis of special literature, synthesis, classification, practical methods (experiment, observation) and mathematical methods of processing experimental data. Research results. A methodology for the development of the agility among young volleyball players is proposed, including special technologies for the development of each component. The effectiveness of the developed technique was confirmed in experimental work. Conclusion. The methodology of agility development among young volleyball players in the conditions of sports training through the development of its psychomotor components through a set of tests and exercises is applicable in practice and gives positive results.

Motor Skills: Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Boys

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys. Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.