Motion Verbs Research Articles

I prefissi verbali russi pri- e do-: semantica spaziale e possibili corrispondenze in italiano

In this paper, we analyse the spatial meaning of verbal prefixes pri- and do- and their semantic contribution to the lexicalisation of motion events. Our analysis is based primarily on the lexicographic description of these prefixes proposed in the Academic Grammar of the Russian Language (Švedova et al., 1980) and on the interpretation given to them in different works devoted to the study of the semantics of verbal prefixes in the Russian language. In different contributions, it is observed that the spatial meaning of the prefix pri- expresses the reaching of the goal of motion, including the crossing of its threshold (boundary-crossing). In contrast, the spatial semantics of the prefix do- is mostly described in relation to the progressive approaching to an endpoint along a spatial scale (boundary-reaching). In the course of the contrastive analysis, an attempt will be made to identify and describe possible Italian correspondences for Russian verbs of motion with prefixes pri- and do-. We also consider which semantic components of a motion event encoded in a Russian prefixed verb are expressed or omitted in the corresponding Italian constructions. The research has been conducted on the parallel Russian-Italian corpus, part of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (we consider just a few examples).

英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究

英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究

Вторичные значения глаголов движения с невыраженной ориентацией в хакасском языке

Вторичные значения глаголов движения с невыраженной ориентацией в хакасском языке

On the Directionality of the Balkan Turkic Verb Phrase: Variationist and Theoretical Perspectives

Balkan varieties of Turkic, particularly those on the periphery of the Turkic spread area in the region, such as Gagauz and West Rumelian Turkish, are commonly observed to have head-initial verb phrases. Based on a wide survey, this paper attempts a more precise description of the pattern of VP directionality across Balkan Turkic and shows that there is considerable variation in how prevalent VX order is, a pattern that turns out to be more complex than the previous descriptions suggest: Two spectrums of directionality can be discerned between XV and VX orders, contingent upon type of the dependent of the verb and dialect locale. The paper also explores the grammatical causes underlying this shift in constituent order. First, VX order seems to be dependent upon whether a clause is nominal or not. Nonfinite clauses of the nominal type have XV order across Balkan Turkic, while finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type show differing degrees of VX order depending on type of dependent and geographical location. Second, VX order appears to be an outcome of verb movement to the left of the dependent in finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type, rather than head parameter shift.

Speed as a dimension of manner in Estonian frog stories

AbstractFocusing on the expression of manner and path in the ‘frog story’ narrations of Estonian native speakers, this study shows that Estonian – a morphologically rich satellite-framed Finno-Ugric language – is characterised by high manner and high path salience. Furthermore, when analysing one of the core qualities of manner – speed – we show that when the participants were asked to narrate a story as if the events developed slowly, they also spoke slowly and their stories tended to be long (both in time duration and word count) and include many details. When they were asked to tell the story as if the events developed fast, they also spoke faster and used more verbs of caused motion and verbs of vertical motion. Thus, the speed of motion in the physical world seems to be mimicked by speech rate, indicating mental simulation and iconic prosody. The exact nature of speed effects in linguistic choices for expressing motion remains to be studied in future works.

Verb movement and time indication A stylistic study in al-Mutanabbi's eulogy

إن الصلة الوثقى بين الفعل و الزمن تحيلنا منهجيا إلى تحديد مفاهيم العنصرين المنتجين لهذه الصلة وهما في طبيعة الحال :الفعل و الزمن 0 فالفعل في ابسط تحديداته هو حدث مقترن بزمن ، هذا مع الالتزام بالتفريق الذي وضعه الدكتور تمام حسان بين الزمن الصرفي والزمن النحوي (1) ولعل من أهم ما يسوغ هذا الالتزام هو الحرص على تجنب تفريعات الزمن وتقسيماته التي تنأى بالبحث بعيدا عن وجهته الحقيقية ، فالحدثية الكامنة في الفعل

From a movement verb to an epistemic discourse marker

Abstract Besides its main use as a form of the movement verb ir ‘to go’, the Spanish form vaya (lit. go) is also used as a verbal discourse marker. Here we trace this transition from a purely verbal form to a discourse marker by searching a historical corpus of documents in Spanish, which reveals the increasing use over time of vaya in exclamatives to replace a presentational construction. We focus on vaya in isolation and in combination with an indefinite DP or a bare NP. We analyze the meaning of vaya as an epistemic discourse marker, by means of which the speaker expresses a judgment, a subjective epistemic and evidential evaluation of a proposition accessible from context. We postulate that these constructions sit in a Judgment Phrase at the syntactic-pragmatic interface (Krifka 2020), a position to which vaya also moves when its meaning is that of an expressive intensifier that directly modifies over one or more (contextually salient) properties of the noun contained in the DP/NP.

Speed and space: semantic asymmetries in motion descriptions in Estonian

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the expression of speed—one of the principal dimensions of manner—in relation to the expression of space in Estonian, a satellite-framed and morphology-rich language. Our multivariate and extensive corpus analysis is informed by asymmetries attested in languages with regard to expressing space (thegoal-over-sourcebias) and speed (thefast-over-slowbias) where we attempt to explicitly link the two. We demonstrate moderate speed effects in the data in that fast motion verbs tend to combine with Goal, and slow motion verbs with Location and Trajectory expressions, making verbs of fast motion similar to goal verbs in their clausal behaviour. We also show that semantic congruency (i.e., expressing semantic information repeatedly in motion clauses) overrides thegoal-over-sourcebias. That is, although verbs also occur in diverse patterns, they often combine with semantic units that mirror their meaning: goal verbs tend to combine with Goal, source verbs with Source, and manner verbs with Manner expressions. Such semantic congruency might serve as a tool for construal and, thus, is an important issue for future research.

The Diachronic Evolution of Polysemous Motion Verbs in Chinese—A Case Study of Zǒu ‘Walk’

Based on the actual uses of the polysemous motion verb zǒu ‘walk’ in the corpora of Chinese texts from Old Chinese to Modern Chinese period, this paper argues that the directed motion sense of the manner verb mainly derives from pragmatic inference from the contexts and cognitive preference for the conceptualization of motion events. In addition, it is essential that favorable morphosyntactic constructions in the language promote the pragmatic sense to be lexicalized as the verb’s lexical meaning. That is, the specific direction encoded in the verb and its grammatical behaviors are not fully determined by the lexical semantics of the verb itself as the grammatical constructions available in the language also account for the evolution of its lexical semantics and grammatical behaviors.

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition

About time and language

The paper presents the former etymologies of the heterosemantic cognates Lith. valanda and La. valoda with a special focus on their relation and origin from the motion verbs described by Edīte Hauzenberga-Šturma. On the basis of the old writings and corpora we provide additional arguments to show that both time and language can be conceptualized as (cyclically) moving phenomena.

On the origins of multiple exponence in Crow

Abstract Multiple exponence is a phenomenon in which morphemes that encode a given piece of information are realized multiple times within a single word. Unlike other members of the Siouan language family spoken across North America, Crow possesses a set of modal auxiliaries that display multiple exponence of subject person agreement. I show that one source of multiple exponence in Crow is the grammaticalization of the inflectional future from the motion verb arrive there, which brings with it its own agreement prefixes. Multiple exponence then extended to compound modals containing the inflectional future and finally to a morphologically unrelated modal – a distinct case of multiple exponence begetting additional multiple exponence. Thus, this study contributes to the broader understanding of the diachronic pathways to multiple exponence.

Простые глаголы в осетинском и персидском языках в сравнительно-сопоставительном аспекте

The aim of the research is to identify common and unique features of simple verbs in the modern Ossetian and Persian languages. Scientific novelty lies in taking a comprehensive approach to studying the issue: the peculiarities and common features of verb stems, infinitive forms, formation of causative forms, structural and word-formation types of simple verbs in the Ossetian and Persian languages are described. As a result, it has been proved that regular and irregular verbs in the Ossetian and Persian languages have more similarities than differences. Thus, Persian regular verbs form the past tense stem by attaching the suffix -d or -id to the present tense stem, while similar stems in the Ossetian language have the suffix -t or -d; irregular verbs are characterised by the same number of vowel or consonant alternations in the present and past tense stems. It has been found that the Ossetian simple verb does not have a structural and word-formation type equivalent to Persian similar-to-regular verbs. It has turned out that preverbs in the Ossetian language are combined not only with verbs of action and movement and possess aspectual and deictic meanings in addition to spatial meanings.

ABOUT THE DIFFICULTIES OF TEACHING IRANIAN STUDENTS IN RUSSIAN VERBS OF MOTION

Moving in space and its expression in speech is one of the linguistic universals that are expressed in different ways in languages. Interlanguage differences lead to the creation of difficulties in the study of verbs of motion in a foreign audience and cause any errors. The communicative significance of the verbs of motion is extremely high. They are used in communication at all stages of training. Learning the prefixed verbs of motion greatly expands the potential vocabulary of learners. In the Iranian audience, the topic of “verbs of motion of the Russian language” causes significant difficulties. This article is devoted to the study of the difficulties faced by Iranian students in teaching the verbs of motion in the Russian language. The subject of the research is the verbs of motion of the Russian language. Descriptive and comparative methods of linguistic research are used in the work.

Actualization of the «motion» concept within the English railway discourse

The article deals with the study of aspects of the actualization of the motion concept within the English railway transport discourse. It reveals the notion of concept actualization, identifies lexical means of its actualization, presents lexicographic and contextual analysis. It proves the thesis about the multifaceted and multilayered organization of this macro-concept, covering all transport areas. The linguistic means objectifying the concept convey a wide range of meanings. The core of the concept is formed by the verbs of motion, reflecting the direct physical movement of a subject or object in space. The verbs contain a nuclear seme and some additional characteristics of movement. The verbs of movement mainly contain the seme of a vector, regular, controlled movement, movement with the application of certain efforts, movement focused on the hauling some objects. The specificity of the research material allows us to see the conceptual features of movement in a professional environment. The motion concept acquires additional features, based on the fact that movement becomes an aspect of commercial activity that requires the involvement of various kinds of resources, a socially significant factor for the whole society, ensuring both proper functioning of not only the transport, but also the economic industry. The motion concept can be represented as a macro concept that combines other basic concepts. Blurring, fuzziness of boundaries between concepts is manifested in diffuseness, that is, in the ability of some components of one concept to participate in the creation of another.

Обучение китайских студентов русским фразеологизмам с глаголами движения как компоненту курса русского языка как иностранного

The aim of the study is to provide effective tasks for teaching phraseological units with verbs of motion to the Chinese students based on the identified problematic linguistic areas. The paper attempts to identify linguistic problems that the Chinese students have in the process of studying phraseological units with verbs of motion by comparing a number of phraseological units of both languages, checking the degree of knowledge of selected phraseological units among the Chinese students who graduated from the preparatory faculty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the presentation of improved tasks for the study of phraseological units with verbs of motion in the Chinese audience, based on the method of relying on the native language. As a result of the study, methodological recommendations were formulated, thanks to which the Russian as a foreign language teacher will be able to solve the linguistic problems associated with teaching phraseological units with verbs of motion to the Chinese students.

TYPOLOGICAL VARIATION IN ENCODING THE MANNER OF MOTION EVENT IN TRANSLATED VERSIONS OF ENGLISH AND TURKISH SHORT STORIES

The aim of this study is to examine how speakers of typologically different languages, Turkish (a verb-framed language, V-language) and English (a satellite-framed language, S-language) express manner of motion events and how each language adapts itself to the demands of the other in translations with regard to the use of manner-of-motion verbs. In this respect, a total of 20 short stories (10 Turkish and 10 English) were selected to analyze. The effort was made to include the ones that are well suited for eliciting manner of motion verbs. For the identification of the motion verbs, Talmy’s (1985) definition of motion events was taken into consideration. According to the results, English writers were found to express manner of motion in their texts at a higher rate with regard to both token and type frequency of manner-of-motion verbs. As far as the translation strategies were considered, it was found that Turkish and English writers mostly used literal translation. In order to adapt the characteristics of the target language, it was also found that translators used a variety of strategies indicating compensation for language requirements.

THE SYNTAX OF TWO TYPES OF GAPPING IN SPANISH*

AbstractThis paper argues that gapping in Spanish is not a single phenomenon and can be derived from different source structures. The first type of gapping in Spanish involves clausal coordination and is thus derived through TP‐deletion, whereas the second type contains low coordination below TP, which allows it to be derived by either vP‐deletion or Across‐The‐Board (ATB) verb movement whose availability depends on the subject‐verb agreement patterns found in gapping. This approach also extends to cases where the conjuncts in gapping display various non‐canonical word orders, which also fall under two types of gapping and can be analyzed using the same mechanisms as those applicable to SVO‐conjuncts.

Verb Prefixes in Russian Language

The article deals with the problem of widespread polysemy of Russian verbal prefixes, especially when adding them to movement verbs. Different uses of the prefix have a common basic lexical meaning, but differ in their syntactic position. In this case, the value refers to the spatial domain. When the same prefix is added to a verb of non-directional movement, it behaves like a lexical prefix, i.e. it is generated in a syntactically higher position, above the aspect, and its meaning is related to the time domain.

Problems of Studying the Verbal Semantics of Differential Languages in the Conditions of Bilingualism

The article analyses the lexical-semantic group of verbs describing movement in modern Tatar and Russian languages. The relevance of this topic is determined by intercultural barriers in the study of verbs of motion in polylingualism. In the study, identities and differences in the verbs of movement in the Tatar and Russian languages were identified. The study found many similarities in the meaning and use of the verbs of movement in Russian and Tatar. The research results will be used in developing and improving the methodology for teaching Tatar and Russian languages in conditions of Tatar-Russian polylingualism. The authors propose to develop exercises and dictionaries aimed at mastering the most difficult to study verbs of motion from the semantics of close spheres.