Motion Verbs Research Articles

Сопоставительный анализ семантических особенностей глаголов движения русского и персидского языков

The aim of the research is to reveal the differentiating features of the verbs of motion in the Russian language and their equivalents in the Persian language. The main content of the article is a comparative semantic analysis of the verbs of motion of the Russian and Persian languages. Basing on the analysis, Russian verbs of motion were divided into four semantic groups according to the characteristics of the method, means, pace and environment of movement, as well as the presence of abstractness. The scientific originality of the work lies in the fact that it was the first to attempt a consistent, detailed comparative semantic analysis of the verbs of motion by the materials of two languages of different systems. As a result, it was found that the verbs of motion of the Russian and Persian languages have significant differences.

Identification of the marks of psychic trauma in spoken language: Definition of the “SPLIT-10” diagnostic scale

Identification of the marks of psychic trauma in spoken language: Definition of the “SPLIT-10” diagnostic scale

The development of the encoding of deictic motion in the Bantu language Rangi: grammaticalisation and change

AbstractThe close cross-linguistic relation between the domains of space and time has been well described. The frequent emergence of Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM) markers from deictic motion verbs in particular, has also been extensively detailed in the literature. This paper focusses on the less well-known link between associated motion, a category of functional morphemes expressing (deictic) motion events, and TAM, in a language contact situation. Specifically, it provides a synchronic and diachronic description of three associated motion prefixes,joo-,tóó-andkoo-, found in the Tanzanian Bantu language Rangi, spoken in an area of high linguistic diversity. It proposes that the prefixjoo-encodes movement towards a deictic centre,tóó-encodes movement towards a goal which is not the deictic centre, andkoo-encodes movement away from a deictic centre. It further contends that whiletóó-andkoo-have maintained a purely deictic function,joo-has grammaticalised to assume an additional function whereby it encodes future tense, possibly aided by the absence of a dedicated future tense marker in the language. This three-way morphological encoding of spatial relations on the verb form is not a common characteristic of East African Bantu languages. However, this paper proposes that the system in Rangi can be accounted for on the basis of cross-linguistically widely attested pathways of grammatical change.

De Spaanse inchoatiefconstructie in beeld. Clusteranalyse als antwoord op het quasi-synonymie vraagstuk

This study about the productivity and the near-synonymy of the inchoative construction in Peninsular Spanish reveals that at least 25 verbs can enter the auxiliary slot. These auxiliaries are recruited from six semantic domains: (1) superlexical inherent inchoative verbs, (2) put verbs, (3) throw verbs, (4) movement verbs, (5) manual manipulation verbs and (6) verbs of destruction. This study confirms that a hierarchical cluster analysis is suited to investigate the near-synonymy of semantically related verbs as it unfolds interesting clusters for the inchoative auxiliaries. Concretely, the hierarchical cluster analysis divides the auxiliaries into three clusters. A first one with the superlexical auxiliaries (comenzar, empezar and iniciar), a second cluster with the put verbs (meter and poner) and a third cluster with the less grammaticalized and more lexicalized auxiliaries echarse and romper.

Narracyjność językowego obrazu ludzkiej egzystencji w polskich i rosyjskich połączeniach wyrazowych zawierających czasowniki ruchu iść/идти, сhodzić/ходить (na materiale leksykograficznym)

The purpose of the study is to show narrative (narration) as a category that combines individual elements of knowledge, expressed through language, and, thus, ensures the cohesion of the linguistic and cultural picture of the world. In the light of this concept, the linguistic-cultural picture of the world is understood as a dynamic, multi-layered narrative depending on the accepted points of view, intentions, approaches and methods of conceptualization, categorization and axiologization of reality adopted in this culture. This article deals with the narrative of human life, which creates the expressions in Polish and Russian that contain verbs of movement. The analysis of the chosen phrases allows us to determine how similar life experiences are perceived in both languages, as well as to what extent the cultural conditions and the genetic proximity of both languages have an influence on similarities in the image of human existence.

Potentials for grammaticalization

Abstract This paper discusses the grammaticalization of motion verbs in Mandarin. A class of motion verbs in Mandarin that regularly appears at either V1 or V2 position in the V1+V2 construction is only grammaticalized at the V2 position, where the verb becomes a directional complement. We provide a cognitive semantic account and propose a new hypothesis that we call the syntactic position and event type sensitivity hypothesis in grammaticalization. We analyze corpus data across five historical stages for 11 simplex directional complements. The analysis draws on Talmy’s macro-event theory and Lehmann’s grammaticalization parameters. It is concluded that motion verbs at the V1 position are most likely to have agentive subjects, which foregrounds the idea of motion in V1, while V2 focuses on the Agent’s purpose. Motion verbs at V2 are relatively more likely to have non-agentive subjects, which foregrounds the Path element in V2 and complements the action of V1, rather than the purpose of the Agent. What triggers the grammaticalization of the V2 is the foregrounding of the Path element in V2, which complements the action of V1, and its non-agentive subject.

Polygrammaticalization in the history of a motion verb: evidence from the verb πα in the 15th century and Cretan Renaissance

Eίναι eυρέως γνωστό ότι τα ρήματα κίνησης (motion verbs) δe φέρουν μόνο την πρωτοτυπική σημασιολογική ιδιότητα της κίνησης από/προς ένα στόχο, αλλά μπορούν eπίσης να χρησιμeύσουν και ως γραμματικοί δeίκτeς μeλλοντικής αναφοράς. Όσον αφορά την Eλληνική, η διαχρονία του ρήματος κίνησης ‘πηγαίνω’ δeν έχeι μeλeτηθeί eνδeλeχώς. Σe αυτό το άρθρο, eστιάζουμe στις συντακτικές και σημασιολογικές ιδιότητeς αυτού του ρήματος που αποτeλeί τυπικό παράδeιγμα Γραμματικοποίησης. Για την eπίτeυξη του στόχου, χρησιμοποιούμe ένα σώμα κeιμένων που προέρχeται από την Κρητική Αναγέννηση και δύο κeίμeνα του 15 ου αιώνα (Ιστορία και όνeιρο, Ρίμα παρηγορητική) όπου, πρώτη φορά, eπισημαίνονται μeρικές eνδιαφέρουσeς δομές και σημασίeς.

„Path‟ and „Manner‟ in The Serialization of Motion Verbs

Verbs are one of the most basic vocabulary elements of the language. These words express the being, manners and movements of beings in the universe. However, in order to express the movements of living and non-living beings in the universe, the verb category creates syntactic and semantic situations by performing some combinations within itself. Because the many movements of many beings in the universe cause endless combinations to appear. In order to express this, the verb category creates various combinations within itself. The most typical example of this is seen between motion verbs, which is a semantic class, and serial verb structures, which are a syntactic and semantic class. Although there have been various studies on motion verbs, the limits of these verbs have not been determined in Turkish studies. Motion verbs, which can be considered as verbs expressing the displacement of beings in the universe, are closely related to serial verb structures, which is a syntactic and semantic category. Serial verb structures contain at least one motion verb in surface or deep structure. According to Talmy's typology, these verbs of motion mark the "way" where the movement takes place, or the "style", which is the way it takes place. In this study, the roles of "path" and "manner" in the serialization process of motion verbs are discussed in the Turkish context.

Лексико-грамматические особенности глаголов движения с семантической направленностью «вниз» в кабардино-черкесском языке

The research objectives are as follows: to identify lexico-grammatical peculiarities of verbs describing downward walking, to reveal the specificity of their formation, to describe morphophonological processes occurring within this group of verbs. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on the analysis of factual material, the author for the first time reveals the interrelation of lexical and grammatical factors in verb formation process. This problem has not been previously investigated in the Adyghe linguistics. The findings indicate that in the Kabardino-Circassian language motion verbs possess similar semantic features but differ grammatically.

A Usage-Based Colligational Analysis of Over from a Syntagmatic Dimension

During the past decades, studies on prepositional polysemy have been carried out mainly under a cognitive linguistic paradigm, applying either a schema-based network approach or a corpus-based contextual approach to semantic analysis. Lin and Hwang (2021a) try to merge the traditional cognitive theories and use theories of meaning, conducting a corpus-driven and usage- based study on the lexical construction of “above-across” over. This paper now aims to further this mode of research by adding grammatical information (colligation) to the overall construction of over. The findings suggest that “above-across” over is typically primed to be associated with intransitive MOTION verbs and singular definite PART or BARRIER nouns in constructing a ‘traversing’ meaning. Combing multifaceted lexico-grammatical information, the study also proposes that “above-across” over is typically primed to represent the most common and noticeable human-nature experiences or meanings observed and constructed by language users.

영어 감정은유의 힘과 이동 의미연구

Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience are fundamental elements of emotion (Myers 2004: 500). This study aims to investigate how humans’ experience about motion is captured by emotion metaphors derived from the motion verbs walk, jump, run, and crawl, with special attention to the fine-grained manner information. Within the circumplex model of emotion, the fact that emotion metaphors are closely related with the core concepts of each locomotion will be discussed. First, the ways of walking and jumping with increased force energy stand for anger but joy is characterized by upward movement. Second, continuous movement and fast rate are the key factors to cause run’s meaning to be extended to the state of feeling a high-arousal emotion like joy, anger, or fear. Third, crawl is associated with fear and is understood as BAD IS DOWN.

Movement Verbs as Discourse Markers in Spanish: The Case of Vamos in the City of Granada, Spain

The discourse marker vamos is the first-person present indicative plural of the verb ir (“to go”) and acts as a guide throughout the discourse. We studied its use in the PRESEEA corpus of Granada, analyzing 54 interviews and rescuing 270 occurrences of vamos. Mainly, we detected that its use was higher in the speech of people with only a primary education, while its use among the university educated represented 27% of cases. It was also used more frequently by young people, particularly females, although only age was found to be influential because of the intrinsic and original value of the first-person plural form, by which speakers are integrated and form part of a group. Among the pragmatic values of the marker is its use as a reformulator in more than 60% of cases; 22% as a structurer that helps to continue and conclude the discourse; and approximately 13% when used as a modalizer to convey the speaker’s attitude. Its main linguistic characteristic is its appearance preceded by conjunctions such as pero and y, and its main position is initial, as it accounts for 90% of occurrences.

Teaching Russian verbs of motion to Turkish students, considering national linguistic picture of the worlds

The article deals with Russian prefixed verbs of motion in the reflection of the Turkish language. The topic is relevant due to the fact that in recent years the role of Russian language learning in Turkey is increasing because of the expansion of economic and cultural relations between the two countries. The aim of the study is to create a linguodidactic basis for developing methodological recommendations for teaching Russian prefixed verbs of motion to Turkish students. Different methods have been used to realize the goal. The article is based on the dissertations, textbooks and manuals on the Russian language for foreigners, scientific works comparing the Russian and Turkish languages. The study of verbs of motion in the practical course of the Russian language for Turkish students has a special place. Russian and Turkish language speakers perceive the world and their identity differently. The differences between the pictures of the world are reflected in culture and language, its vocabulary and grammatical categories. Thus, while there are universals in the verb systems of the Russian and Turkish languages, there are also significant differences in the idea of action, state, change, movement, denoted by verb units in the two languages. Russian prefixed verbs of motion do not have exact equivalents in Turkish and are translated by means of verbs with different root or translation transformations. The results of the comparative description of Russian prefixed verbs of motion and transferring their meanings in Turkish, and the identified differences served as the basis for developing methodological recommendations for teaching Russian prefixed verbs of motion to Turkish students, taking into account their native language. Basing on the research, a system of teaching prefixed verbs of motion to Turkish students, including methods of verb presentation and consolidation in oral and written speech, was developed. The prospects of this work are to create a nationally-oriented textbook on the topic Russian prefix verbs of motion.

Rightward verb movement: A reappraisal

Rightward verb movement: A reappraisal

Quantitative Distribution of English and Indonesian Motion Verbs and Its Typological Implications: A case study with the English and Indonesian versions of the Twilight novel

This paper investigates the quantitative distribution (type and token frequencies, and type-per-token ratio [TTR]) of motion verbs found in English and Indonesian versions of the novel Twilight (Meyer, 2005; Sari, 2008). The study is contextualized within two divergent views on the typological characteristics of Indonesian lexicalization patterns of motion events. One study (Son, 2009) suggests that Indonesian behaves like English, representing a satellite-framed pattern (i.e., lexicalizing Manner of motion in the main verb) while another study (Wienold, 1995) argues for the verb-framed nature of Indonesian (i.e., lexicalizing Path of motion in the main verb). We seek to offer a quantitative perspective to these two proposals. Our study shows that, compared to English, Indonesian has significantly higher number (i.e., types) and occurrences (i.e., tokens) of Path verbs (reflecting the verb-framed pattern). Moreover, the higher TTR value of Path verbs for Indonesian shows a greater lexical diversity in the inventory of Indonesian Path verbs compared to English. In contrast, the English Manner verbs are significantly higher in number and in token frequency than Indonesian (suggesting the satellite-framed pattern), and show greater lexical diversity given the higher TTR value. While these findings lean toward supporting the verb-framed pattern of Indonesian (Wienold, 1995), we caution with the limitation of our conclusion and offer suggestions for future study.

Downward movement: (se) baisser ‘to fall’

This article aims to disambiguate the French verb baisser, which describes the downward movement of an entity, and to present its conceptual structure. Our approach is strongly based on the belief that the meaning of the word is conceptual, and that it reflects the world being looked at, not the real world (Honeste 1999, 2005). Our interest will focus on the locative and abstract meanings of the chosen verb, the uses of which we will study. Each use is a set formed by a predicate, defined by its arguments whose field is delimited by the predicate itself (Gross 2015). Arguments are defined using object classes. Each use is illustrated by a single sentence and a translation into Polish, the translation being a synonym of a word in another language. The type of event described by the verb will be studied, taking into account:
 
 the situation described by the verb (kinematic, dynamic, according to Desclés 2003, 2005);
 belonging to one of the four groups of verbs of movement, distinguished by Aurnague (2012) according to two parameters: change of location and change of elementary locative relwation;
 polarity (initial, median and final, according to Borillo 1998).
 
 Baisser has twelve uses (locative and abstract). Their invariant meaning is downwards movement, which is conceptualized in different ways: displacement of an entity downwards in physical space, but also as a decrease along a scale: of quantifiable value, of sound, of luminosity, intensity or quality, and finally of physical strength and of quality.

Moving up and down in real space

The paper focuses on the role of the Swedish spatial particles upp ‘up’ and ner ‘down’ to signal the endpoint-of-motion in the description of motion situations and is based on Swedish original fiction texts and their translations into English, German, French and Finnish. Frequently the endpoint is marked with a locative preposition such as på ‘on’ or i ‘in’, and then a particle is required to signal change-of-place. In German and Finnish, the particle is often zero translated and change-of-place is indicated by case. The particle is often zero translated also in French, a V(erb)-framed language. This leads to contrasts at the conceptual level since verticality is not expressed. The result points to radical intra-typological differences between S(atellite)-framed languages in the expression of Path depending on general morpho-syntactic differences. Another important conclusion is that several different classes of motion verbs must be distinguished even in S-languages to describe the expression of change-of-place.

Identification des marques du traumatisme psychique dans le langage parlé : définition de l’échelle diagnostique « SPLIT-10 »

Identification des marques du traumatisme psychique dans le langage parlé : définition de l’échelle diagnostique « SPLIT-10 »

Expressing prospective location in French: rethinking Vandeloise’s ‘principle of anticipation’

AbstractVandeloise’s (1987, 2017) principle of anticipation proposes that French verbs of motion can enable prospective readings of static locative prepositions. However, it has little to say about verbs of motion that do not have a prospective verbal reference place (VRP): that is, to what extent are verbs of initial polarity like partir and s’enfuir able to trigger prospective readings of prepositions? This article argues that each verb must be analysed individually and that prospective readings of prepositions depend on the interaction of verbal and prepositional semantics: for example, the movement away from a viewer expressed by partir favours a prospective reading of derrière but not of devant: this is due to differences regarding access to perception. The animacy of the Ground and its status as a material or spatial entity (Vandeloise, 2017) is also a key factor (e.g. partir près de + spatial entity). This suggests that verbs of initial polarity participate in synergistic verb/preposition/Ground interpretations that help to overcome their lack of a VRP. The prospective reading of the preposition depends on the choice of verb and Ground, thus supporting a distributed view of spatial semantics (Sinha and Kuteva, 1995; Zlatev, 1997, 2003, 2007; Evans and Tyler, 2004).

중국인 한국어 학습자의 한국어 조사 교체 습득 연구 - 양태성 이동동사 구문을 중심으로 -

This study investigated whether L1 Chinese learners of Korean can acquire case particle alternation in motion verb constructions. An acceptability judgment and self-paced reading task were conducted with L2 advanced learners of Korean in tandem with native Korean speakers. The result of the acceptability judgment task demonstrated that the L1 group accepted the sentences in both case-marking conditions, whereas the L2 groups (both higher and lower proficiency learners) only accepted the sentences in the ‘ul/lul’ condition, while rejecting the sentences in the ‘eseo’ condition. From the results of the self-paced reading task, L2 participants did not show any reading time differences between the two case-marking conditions. However, given that the L2 learners failed to demonstrate target-like knowledge of ‘in manner of motion’ verb construction in the acceptability judgment task, their reading-time patterns in the self-paced reading task may not be interpreted as their acceptance of both conditions. These findings suggest that the L1 Chinese-speaking learners of Korean have a persistent difficulty acquiring the case alternation regarding motion verb construction. (Ewha Womans University)