Variable Compression Ratio Engine Research Articles

The effect of Sr‐doped zinc oxide nanoadditives on the performance and emission parameters of a VCR engine powered by soybean biodiesel

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of soybean biodiesel (SB)–diesel blends containing 1% strontium (Sr) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the performance and emission parameters of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine were investigated. To make the fuel blends, 25% soybean biodiesel (SB25) was added to the diesel. To improve the blend's stability, Sr/ZnO NP additions were blended with SB25 at 50 and 75 ppm utilizing an ultrasonication method and a surfactant at 2%. Various physicochemical techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, were used to characterize the produced NPs. These blends improved overall engine characteristics when used with a VCR. In comparison to the absence of nanoadditives, the brake thermal efficiency increased by 10.37% and the brake‐specific fuel consumption decreased by 16.76% while using 50 ppm Sr/ZnO NPs additive in SB25 (SB25Sr/ZnO50). In addition, the presence of Sr/ZnO in SB25 results in lower harmful emissions such as hydrocarbon, CO, CO2, and smoke, which are reduced by 11.20%, 13.81%, 41.43%, and 21.34%, respectively, when compared to SB25 fuel. The Sr/ZnO NPs in the blend are an excellent choice for improving engine emission and performance.

Optimization of engine parameters using NSGA II for the comprehensive reduction of emissions from VCR engine fuelled with ROME biodiesel.

Diesel engines are most widely used as power plant for many applications, like automotive, agricultural purposes, portable machines and remote location power generation, because of their higher torque, power output, energy content per unit mass and cost of fuel. Because of the higher compression ratios, the diesel engines are able to produce greater cylinder pressures resulting in higher temperatures and thermal efficiency. On other hand, the diesel engines produce COx, NOx, Soot and sulphur emissions which are harmful and these pollute the environment leading to acid rain, global warming and variety of human diseases. Also, the present emission regulations are framed such a way to ensure the environmental sustainability in addition to the economic and social importance. These constraints make the researchers find an alternate fuel for replacing the diesel fuel on the existing diesel engines for the reduction of environmental pollutions. Biodiesel is found to be a very good alternative fuel obtained from natural resources and having good energy with least possible emissions. Rubber seed methyl ester (ROME) is one kind of the biofuel can be used in the existing diesel without any engine modifications. The ROME is produced using trans esterification process and the biodiesel blends are prepared in the sequence of B20, B40, B60 and B80. The ROME is tested on the Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine to test the emission characteristic in line with the performance characteristics. To reduce the emissions, the prediction models are developed forCO andNOx using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The models are verified through the ANOVA and p-test for their adequacy to create the hypothesis of the experimentation. The NSGA II evolutionary multi-objective optimization is used to optimise the engine parameters to minimise the pollutions from the ROME fuelled engine. The optimized parameters are tested and verified experimentally for the least possible emissions.

A novel investigation in the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine using bio-diesel blends

A novel investigation in the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine using bio-diesel blends

ANN modeling for forecasting of VCR engine performance and emission parameters fuelled with green diesel extracted from waste biomass resources.

In this research work, the experimental tests were conducted on a single-cylinder, constant speed, variable compression ratio (VCR) engine fuelled with green diesel. Initially, bio-oil was extracted from waste Trichosanthes cucumerina fruit seeds using the Soxhlet apparatus. The acquired bio-oil is used to make green diesel through the trans-esterification process. The fuel blends were prepared with different proportions of Trichosanthes cucumerina biodiesel (TCB) in diesel fuel (30%, 50%, and 70%) for the experimental test, and their thermo-physical properties were evaluated according to ASTM standards. At full load condition, the TCB30 blend with CR 18:1 gives closer engine performance of brake thermal efficiency (33.52%), brake specific fuel consumption (0.27kg/kWh), and exhaust gas temperature (389.56°C) and reduced emission levels of unburned hydrocarbon by 13.51%, carbon monoxide by 10.82%, smoke opacity by 16.87%, and the penalty of nitric oxide by 17.56% equated with neat diesel fuel. The engine performance and emission parameters are predicted using multiple regression artificial neural network (ANN) models. A database generated from the experimental results is used to train the ANN model. The average correlation coefficient (R) of the trained ANN model is 0.99673, which is closer to 1. It indicates that the proposed ANN model can generate the exact correlation between input factors and output responses. As a result, the application of ANN is a better forecasting tool for predicting VCR engine performance and emission characteristics.

Experimental Determination of Suitability of Algae Bio Diesel Blend as an Alternate to Diesel Fuel using Cylinder Pressure Variation with Respect to Crank Angle

Scientific and engineering community of whole world is working day and night to develop an alternate of fossil fuel. This is not only due to continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves but also for day by day increasing global warming. This global warming is mainly due to emission of harmful gases from manufacturing industries and vehicles used for transportation including aerial vehicles. In this paper, an experimental study has been performed in variation of mean cylinder pressure at crank angles divided into 4 categories for each stroke. 180 actual movement of crankshaft is taken as 90 for study. Further analysis is done for all the four strokes starting from power stroke at 0 and end of compression stroke as 360 (actually 720). The fuel used for the study is a 20% blend of biodiesel named as B20 in the paper. The experimental results obtained in a variable compression ratio engine are compared with the corresponding characteristics of fossil fuel. Diesel named as D100 which is a proved and widely used fuel at present. The comparative study has shown a clear indication that though biodiesel blend B100 may not be suitable in, as it’s condition but blend B20 may be suitable to be used in as is condition as the experimental results are not varying largely with that of pure diesel. Variation in power strokes and exhaust strokes were found to have larger deviation from linear trend whereas it followed linear variation in induction and compression stroke. The performance can be improved further by using suitable additive in further research works.

Experimental investigation of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using low-density plastic pyrolyzed oil and diesel fuel blends

Plastic waste adversely affects millions of people and wildlife habitat in many parts of the world. Although it could be utilized as a promising source of alternative fuel, its progress is not as advance as biodiesel or bio-alcohol. Accordingly, a base fuel (BF) was blended with plastic pyrolyzed oil (PPO) to comprehensively investigate the usability of this product as a fuel substitute in compression ignition engines. Three fuels, BF100PPO0, BF80PPO20, and BF0PPO100, were tested and compared in a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, water-cooled VCR DI-CI engine that ran at five different compression ratios (15.5, 16.5, 17.5, 18.5, 19.5) under low, medium, and high engine loads. In the results, it is noticed that except for the maximum rate of pressure rise and ignition delay, raising the compression ratio from 15.5 to 19.5 did not result in significant changes. The results showed that BF80PPO20 produced the maximum BTE (34.4 percent) at CR 15.5 under high engine load, while BF100PPO0 produced the lowest BSFC (738.29 g/kWh) at CR 16.5 under high load. In terms of emissions, CO2 levels were found to be essentially same for all tested fuels at the greatest load for all compression ratios. Furthermore, with CR 19.5, BF80PPO20 was able to produce the lowest smoke emissions at medium load. In addition, at CR 15.5 and low engine load, BF100PPO0 produced the lowest NOx emissions (64.3 ppm). Overall, based on the findings of this research, plastic waste oil mixed with diesel fuel at a rate of up to 20% can be utilised as a promising biofuel to improve diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions.

Experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a VCR engine fuelled by biodiesel/diesel blends

As the global market for fuel increased exponentially, there was a dramatic decline of fossil fuels which led to an extensive discovery of biodiesel as an alternate fuel for diesel engines. The current research investigates the influence of neem oil biodiesel-diesel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine. The experiments were conducted with B5, B10, B15, B20 and B25 blends of neem oil biodiesel in a VCR engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, varying the load and at compression ratios (CRs) of 16:1,17:1 and 18:1. The impact of increasing the CRs on the performance and emissions of neem oil biodiesel blends has been thoroughly investigated in this study. The BTE, SFC and EGT improved with increase in CR. The fuel samples were evaluated and compared to conventional diesel, which had great improvement in emission characteristics. The outcomes of this study show that neem oil biodiesel blends may be utilized as a diesel alternative in diesel engines without requiring any engine changes. CR 18:1 may be justified as the best optimal CR for any fuel.

Investigation of the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Ceiba Pentandra Biodiesel Blends in a Variable Compression Ratio Engine

In the current scenario, the production of biodiesel from non-edible oil is a promising way to overcome the problems associated with the energy crisis and environmental issues. In this research, non-edible biodiesel blends of B10, B20, B30, B40, and B100 methyl esters of Ceiba pentandra oil with standard diesel fuel are used to investigate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine at different load conditions compared to diesel. The compression ratios 16.5:1, 17.5:1, 18.5:1 are employed in a 1500 rpm constant speed, single-cylinder with a variable compression ratio, direct injection, four-stroke diesel engine for experimental investigation. Performance and combustion characteristics such as brake specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency, net heat release rate and emission characteristics such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen are investigated. The biodiesel blend B10 and B20 showed optimal performance with fewer emissions.

Analysis of Variable Compression Ratio Engine Using Biodiesel when Incorporated with Metal Oxides from Chemical and Biological Resources

Specifically, the current investigation will look at the impacts of nanoemulsions such as titanium and zinc oxides as well as plant extracts and a four‐stroke D.I.VCR engine for biodiesel that is produced both chemically and biologically on the environment. Meanwhile, when a homogeneous catalyst is used, a substantial volume of wastewater is made available for the separation and cleaning of the biodiesel catalyst. Because of this, waste cooking oil (WCO) was used to make biodiesel, which were then transesterified using heterogeneous base catalysts. This was done for environmental reasons as well as to minimize the cost of producing biodiesel. The D.I variable compression engine’s performance and engine parameters, such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and CO, HC, and NOx emissions, were investigated. Nanoparticles have been shown to produce less NOx than pure diesel when combined with zinc oxides that have been biologically generated at the lowest possible concentration. The carbon dioxide emissions from a biologically generated titanium oxide sample are greater than those from the other samples, with Pure Diesel emitting the least amount of CO2. The emission of less oxygen from a Pure Diesel sample and a chemically generated titanium oxide sample showed a pattern that was comparable. A comprehensive study was conducted to examine the performance and emission characteristics of an internal combustion engine with and without the use of nanoadditives, and the findings revealed an astonishing outcome.

Optimization of gasoline engine operating parameters fueled with DIPE-gasoline blend: Comparative evaluation between response surface methodology and fuzzy logic expert system

Engine performance and emission characteristics of diisopropyl ether (DIPE)–gasoline blends were evaluated for several loads using a single-cylinder, four-stroke, multi-fuel variable compression ratio engine. The engine was operated with five test fuels: DIPE0 (neat gasoline), DIPE10 (90% gasoline + 10% DIPE), DIPE15 (85% gasoline + 15% DIPE), DIPE20 (80% gasoline + 20% DIPE), and DIPE25 (75% gasoline + 25% DIPE) by volume. The responses such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and fuzzy logic expert system (FLES) considering compression ratio (CR), brake power (BP), and DIPE blend percentage as input variables. The developed RSM model provided a significant fit with higher R2 (correlation coefficient) values. The RSM models showed better performance than the FLES model. The optimized responses such as BTE, SFC, CO, HC, and NOx were 26.9%, 0.378 kg/kW h, 0.0135% by volume, 152.66 ppm, and 3465 ppm, respectively. The optimized results were validated with the experimental results, and the error percentage for all the responses were low. Thus, the developed RSM models gave better results than FLES and can predict and optimize engine performance and emission characteristics.

Analysis of Performance, Emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder VCR engine when run on blends of 1-octanol and Diesel

Phenomenal Changes are taking place in the world. The energy consumption of the country has grown many folds over the past few years, thereby putting pressure on the fossil fuel reserves. Though, recently due to COVID-19, the price of crude oil has fallen since few months but it would again rise which would lead to heavy expenditure over imports of crude petroleum. Also the fossil fuels increase the problem of global warming and carbon emissions. Alternate fuel such as alcohols poses a sustainable alternative solution of the problem. In the present investigation, Blends of 1-octanol are formed with neat diesel i.e. OC-5, OC-10, OC-15 & OC-20 and analyzed for efficiency, fuel economy and effluents of the single cylinder variable compression ratio engine. It was perceived that there was increment in viscosity of the blends containing n-octanol while the heating value lowered by increasing the absorption of 1-octanol. The peak BTE and lowest fuel consumption was found to be with blend containing 20% 1-octanol. Lower CO and UBHC emissions were reported with the addition of 1-octanol in the different blends formed.

Performance Investigation of Variable Compression Ratio Engine

Abstract: Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine test can be used to determine the effect of Compression Ratio (CR) on the performance and emissions of the engine. The combustion situation, when provided with a pressure transducer. The performance frequency parameters like efficiencies, power, and specific fuel consumption are determined. The combustion phenomenon is also observed through this work, we can find the optimum compression ratio for which the best performance is possible. In order to find out the optimum compression ratio, experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder four-stroke variable compression ratio engine. Tests were carried out at compression ratios of 18, 17, and 16 at different loads the performance characteristics of the engine like Brake power (BP), Thermal Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). A variable compression ratio engine is able to operate at different compression ratios, depending on particular vehicle performance needs. The VCR engine is optimized for the full range of driving conditions, as acceleration, speed, and load. Keywords: Performance, Compression ratio, Load, Break Power, William Line’s Method, Emission, Thermal Efficiency, Diesel Engine, Fuel Consumption

Study On Performance and Emission Characteristics of VCR Diesel Engine Fuelled with Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Biodiesel

This work consider the use of PFAD oil for the production of renewable and environment friendly biodiesel fuel as an alternative to conventional diesel. Test quantities of PFAD oil biodiesel were produced through transesterification reaction, 20% methanol (vol% PFAD oil), 0.8% (wt%) potassium hydroxide catalyst at 60oC reaction temperature and 90 min reaction time. The PFAD oil biodiesel produced was subsequently blended with petroleum diesel and characterized as alternative diesel fuel through ASTM standard fuel test. Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine test rig was used to determine the effect of compression Ratio (CR) on the performance and emission characteristics of the test fuel. Test were carried out at compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1, and 18:1 at different load. The performance parameters like Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were studied. At higher compression ratio the increase in BTE is observed for PFAD20 blend when compared to diesel. BSFC of biodiesel blend is higher at all compression ratios due to lower heating value of the fuel. However the biodiesel exhibited lower emission at CR 18 compared to neat diesel except NOx. The NOx is increased due to higher compression and better combustion characteristics of the biodiesel blend. Thus B20 blend at CR18 can be effectively used in diesel engine with better performance and reduced emissions.

Azolla pinnata methyl ester production and process optimization using a novel heterogeneous catalyst

This study concentrated on utilizing a novel heterogeneous dolomite catalyst in transesterification of Azolla pinnata algae oil with methanol to convert Azolla pinnata methyl ester (AME). The thermophysical properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRF, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The optimized AME yield of 88.7% was obtained for the methanol to oil molar ratio (30:1), catalyst weight% (4 wt%), and operating temperature of (70 °C) through central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Five different proportions of Azolla pinnata methyl ester (AME) viz., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% by volume were blended with 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 0% by volume of diesel. These AME test fuel blends were named AME10, AME20, AME30, AME40, and AME100. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) standards followed to testing the thermophysical properties of prepared biodiesel. AME fuel blends were tested in the single-cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with varied compression ratios (CR) of 16:1, 17:1, and 18:1 for different loadings at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, in-cylinder combustion, and exhaust emission results were concluded among five different diesel-AME blends at varied compression ratios. The obtained results for AME blends were compared with the diesel fuel under the same working conditions. At peak load condition, AME30 test fuel with CR18:1 gives a reduction of CO (14.0%), HC (12.06%) and smoke opacity (5.88%) and slight increment in NOx (2.46%) emissions as well as reduced BTE (10.20%) and increased BSEC (17.33%) were obtained related to diesel fuel. Better diffusion phase combustion was recorded for AME blends due to their higher cetane value than neat diesel.

End-gas autoignition fraction and flame propagation rate in laser-ignited primary reference fuel mixtures at elevated temperature and pressure

Knock in spark-ignited (SI) engines is initiated by autoignition of the unburned gasses upstream of spark-ignited, propagating, turbulent premixed flames. Knock propensity of fuel/air mixtures is typically quantified using research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), or methane number (MN; for gaseous fuels), which are measured using single-cylinder, variable compression ratio engines. In this study, knock propensity of SI fuels was quantified via observations of end-gas autoignition (EGAI) in unburned gasses upstream of laser-ignited, premixed flames at elevated pressures and temperatures in a rapid compression machine. Stoichiometric primary reference fuel (PRF; n-heptane/isooctane) blends of varying reactivity (50 ≤ PRF ≤ 100) were ignited using an Nd:YAG laser over a range of temperatures and pressures, all in excess of 545 K and 16.1 bar. Laser ignition produced outwardly-propagating premixed flames. High-speed pressure measurements and schlieren images indicated the presence of EGAI. The fraction of the total heat release attributed to EGAI (i.e., EGAI fraction) varied with fuel reactivity (i.e., octane number) and the time-integrated temperature of the end-gas prior to ignition. Flame propagation rates, which were measured using schlieren images, were only weakly correlated with octane number but were affected by turbulence caused by variation in piston timing. Under conditions of low turbulence, measured flame propagation rates approached one-dimensional premixed laminar flame speed computations performed at the same conditions. Experiments were simulated with a three-dimensional CONVERGE™ model using reduced chemical kinetics (121 species, 538 reactions). The simulations accurately captured the measured flame propagation rates, as well as the variation in EGAI fraction with fuel reactivity and time-integrated end-gas temperature. The simulations also revealed low-temperature heat release as well as formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide formation in the end-gas upstream of the propagating flame, which increased the temperature and degree of chain branching in the end-gas, ultimately leading to EGAI.

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel with added nanoparticles and diesel blends.

The present experimental work is carried out to analyse the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine using blended biofuel (B20) with nanoadditives. Transesterified biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oil (WCO). The cerium oxide nanoparticles (CERIA) were produced and categorized by precipitation technique, SEM and XRD analysis. These nanoadditives mixed with biofuel blend by magnetic stirrer and then by ultrasonication. The test procedure was carried out under the following fuel blends: 20% of biodiesel added to 80% diesel (B20), 15ppm, 30ppm, 45ppm, 60ppm and 75ppm cerium oxide nanoparticles added with B20 blend (diesel, B20, B20+CERIA15, B20+CERIA30, B20+CERIA45, B20+CERIA60, B20+CERIA75). The engine was operated at fixed compression ratio 20:1 and constant speed at various load conditions 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and results were compared to diesel at 100% load. The improvement in B20 fuel characteristics was observed by adding cerium oxide nanoparticles. The outcomes indicate better improvement in the blended sample of B20+CERIA45 ppm with brake thermal efficiency increased by 3.62% and specific fuel consumption decreased by 3.3% than the neat diesel. Presence of added particles gives better atomization which prompts total burning in the combustion chamber and builds up the amplified pressure data. The emission of CO and HC outflow dimnishes by the addition of CERIA nanoparticles in blended biofuel. Additionally, there is a reduction in NOx by expanding the CERIA dosage in the fuel mixer. This occurs due to CERIA particles presented in a fuel blend behaving as an oxygen buffer and engaging the O2 for decreasing the NOx formation.

Investigation on the response time of a self-regulation variable compression ratio engine

Today, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (specifically, CO2) represent the greatest challenge of the internal combustion (IC) engine and consequently, now, more than ever, the passenger car industry is looking for technologies meant to address this issue. Since CO2 emission is related to the combustion process occurring inside the engine, its reduction is inherently connected to lowering the fuel consumption, meaning that the only way to reduce it in the IC engine is to increase its overall efficiency. One solution to do this over the whole operating area is to fit the engine with a variable compression ratio (VCR) system, which may be advantageously combined with other enhancing-efficiency technologies. However, to avoid knocking and pre-ignition, such an engine should feature an adequate response time during the transition from the maximum compression ratio to the minimum one. Consequently, this paper describes a theoretical investigation on the kinematics and dynamics of a hinged VCR engine’s upper block tilting motion, aiming to show that this engine, as an automatic system with self-regulation of compression ratio, can respond adequately when the operating conditions change fast. This is paramount for the passenger car road mobility, which means anything but steady operation.

Optimization of injection parameters for ethanol blends of plastic oil in VCR engine using RSM and ANN

Purpose The present work aims at improving the performance of the engine using optimized fuel injection strategies and operating parameters for plastic oil ethanol blends. To optimize and predict the engine injection and operational parameters, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are used respectively. Design/methodology/approach The engine operating parameters such as load, compression ratio, injection timing and the injection pressure are taken as inputs whereas brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions are treated as outputs. The experiments are designed according to the design of experiments, and optimization is carried out to find the optimum operational and injection parameters for plastic oil ethanol blends in the engine. Findings Optimum operational parameters of the engine when fuelled with plastic oil and ethanol blends are obtained at 8 kg of load, injection pressure of 257 bar, injection timing of 17° before top dead center and blend of 15%. The engine performance parameters obtained at optimum engine running conditions are BTHE 32.5%, BSFC 0.24 kg/kW.h, CO 0.057%, HC 10 ppm, NOx 324.13 ppm and smoke 79.1%. The values predicted from ANN are found to be more close to experimental values when compared with the values of RSM. Originality/value In the present work, a comparative analysis is carried out on the prediction capabilities of ANN and RSM for variable compression ratio engine fuelled with ethanol blends of plastic oil. The error of prediction for ANN is less than 5% for all the responses such as BTHE, BSFC, CO and NOx except for HC emission which is 12.8%.

Optimization of cerium oxide added algae biodiesel blends by Taguchi and ANOVA methods in terms of emission and combustion characteristics

AbstractPresently, the reduction of emission rates from the diesel engine is a significant aim of several researchers. Biodiesel has considered an alternative for diesel, but based on mechanical efficiency, its performance is very poor. Therefore, the nanoparticles are blended with the diesel and biodiesel for reducing emission and enhancing the engine performance characteristics. The major intention of the present work is to provide the finest fuel blend for the 4‐stroke diesel engine according to both emission and combustion characteristics. Here, the Hazantus (algae bio diesel) prepared via soxhlet extraction, and then it is blended with the diesel under three various ratios such as 1:9, 2:8, 3:7. Based on these three ratios, the performance of the variable compression ratio engine has been investigated and is optimized by using the Taguchi method, which exhibited that the 2:8 biodiesel blend is optimum based on mechanical performance and combustion. Further, to enhance biodiesel performance concerning emission characteristics, the cerium oxide nanoparticles mixed with the optimum fuel blend at the proportion rate of 25 and 50 mg. The emission rates obtained from this research work are 1000PPM of NOx, 0.052% of CO, and 38% of HC.

Effect of isopropyl alcohol on the performance, combustion and emission Characteristics variable compression ratio engine using rubber seed oil blends

ABSTRACT Depleting petroleum-based liquid fuel reserves has driven researchers to find alternative fuels to meet vehicles and the industry’s energy demands. Methyl esters produced from vegetable oils are commonly used as fuel for compression ignition engines. The present work’s objective is to investigate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of rubber seed oil methyl ester blends with and without isopropyl alcohol as an additive on a variable compression ratio engine. The blends B10, B20, and B30 and rubber seed oil were compared with diesel for the compression ratios of 12:1, 16:1, and 20:1. The same blends were experimented with by adding isopropyl alcohol 5% by volume. The brake thermal efficiency results, specific fuel consumption and emissions, indicated that B10 and B20 with additives have better results than diesel and rubber seed oil. The brake thermal efficiency of B10 with 5% isopropyl alcohol is 3.14% higher than diesel. The addition of isopropyl alcohol with rubber seed oil methyl ester has reduced the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke emission to a maximum of 10.8%, 33%, and 32.2%, respectively. Averaged cylinder pressure, heat release rate under varying compression ratios have also conversed in this paper.