Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, the effects of soybean biodiesel (SB)–diesel blends containing 1% strontium (Sr) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the performance and emission parameters of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine were investigated. To make the fuel blends, 25% soybean biodiesel (SB25) was added to the diesel. To improve the blend's stability, Sr/ZnO NP additions were blended with SB25 at 50 and 75 ppm utilizing an ultrasonication method and a surfactant at 2%. Various physicochemical techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, were used to characterize the produced NPs. These blends improved overall engine characteristics when used with a VCR. In comparison to the absence of nanoadditives, the brake thermal efficiency increased by 10.37% and the brake‐specific fuel consumption decreased by 16.76% while using 50 ppm Sr/ZnO NPs additive in SB25 (SB25Sr/ZnO50). In addition, the presence of Sr/ZnO in SB25 results in lower harmful emissions such as hydrocarbon, CO, CO2, and smoke, which are reduced by 11.20%, 13.81%, 41.43%, and 21.34%, respectively, when compared to SB25 fuel. The Sr/ZnO NPs in the blend are an excellent choice for improving engine emission and performance.
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