Variable Compression Ratio Engine Research Articles

Fuel properties, performance and emission characterization of waste cooking oil (WCO) in a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine

The current study investigates the fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics in a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel of the biodiesel produced from the waste cooking oil (WCO). The WCO samples were collected from the university and converted to biodiesel fuel with a two-step transesterification reaction. The fuel property tests showed that the properties of the WCO biodiesel were within the biodiesel standards. Diesel, WCO biodiesel and diesel-WCO biodiesel blend (B20) was used as fuel in a VCR engine. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine were measured at two different compression ratios (14:1 and 16:1) under partial load conditions. The experimental results showed that WCO biodiesel slightly decreased the brake thermal efficiency and thus increased specific fuel consumption. Biodiesel usage improved CO emissions up to 21,75% compared to diesel fuel. But, biodiesel usage increased CO 2 and NO x emission due to higher combustion temperature and extra oxygen content of the biodiesel.

Biodiesel production using waste cooking oil: a waste to energy conversion strategy

In this study, biodiesel was produced using waste cooking oil that was discarded as a waste in the environment. The properties of the feedstock were determined using standard ASTM methods. The transesterification process was implemented to extract the biodiesel, and this process was optimized and standardized by selecting three different parameters: molar ratio (methanol:oil), catalyst concentration (KOH) and reaction temperature. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel so produced were tested and analyzed using gas chromatography. Biodiesel and diesel were mixed in different volumetric ratios, and the exhaust emission characteristics of the blends were determined by testing the blends on a variable compression ratio engine. The study concluded that waste cooking oil has a great potential for waste to energy process. The highest yield of 93.8% was obtained by optimizing the process. Emission characteristics of CO for B50 blend showed a downward trend while NO x emission was found to be greater for blending ratios above 10%. B10 showed the best results pertaining to lower NO x and CO emissions.

Experimental investigation on performance, emission behavior and exergy analysis of a variable compression ratio engine fueled with diesel - aegle marmelos oil - diethyl ether blends

The intention of the prevailing effort is in the direction of experimentally look for the combined outcome of compression ratio and a number of nozzle holes on performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine by means of an emulsion fuel obtained from aegle marmelos (Bael) oil. This exertion consists of the exergy examination of compression ignition engine towards maximizing the work availability and decreasing the destroyed availability. Ternary blends of diesel - aegle marmelos – diethyl ether (DEE) within the proportion as percentages 100:0:0 (D), 70:20:10 (B1), 60:30:10 (B2), 50:40:10 (B3) became tested in a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine. When operating the diesel engine with B2, Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine is better by 4.3%, nitric oxides (NOx) emission has been reduced 3.9% at 100% load in compression ratio (CR) 17.5 with number of nozzle hole (NH) 5. The exergy efficiency of B2 fuel has been found 63.88% of fuel input at CR17.5 with 100% engine load. Increasing the number of nozzle holes improves the performance of the diesel engine fueled with bael blends in terms of reduced brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), increased BTE and reduced emissions like hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke.

Evaluation of Performance Characteristics and Exhaust Gas Analysis of VCR Engine at Different Compression Ratio and Loads

This paper deals with the systematic study of performance evalaution and exhaust emission characteristics of VCR (variable compression ratio) engine at different compression ratio and loads using diesel as fuel. Experimental analysis was done to find the optimal value of compression ratio and load at which the engine can produce higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and low exhaust emission. Performance parameters such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake thermal efficiency (ɳbth), brake Specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas emissions like hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide are considered.

Influence of Ethanol with Karanja Oil on Exhaust Gas Emissions from a Variable Compression Ratio Engine

Biodiesel is an alternative choice for diesel and have benefits over diesel because, it is renewable, biodegradable, sulfur free, and non-poisonous in nature and less exhaust emissions. The transesterification process is used to reduce the viscosity of the karanja oil. The aim of this paper is to examine the emission parameters under variable compression ratios (17 and 18) in a VCR diesel engine which runs using karanja oil 20% (B20) and ethanol as an additive by adding 5% and 10% at constant speed of 1500 rpm with variable loads. The outcomes of these blends have been compared with the normal diesel. The influences of compression ratios on exhaust gas emissions were investigated. The exhaust emissions, namely hydrocarbons, NOx, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are found to be reduced when compared with diesel.

Analysis to Determine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Blended with Calophyllum Inophyllum Methyl Ester (CIME) in a VCR Engine

The energy sources present in our world is dwindling day by day, in order to overcome these shortages an experimental analysis and investigation was carried out to get maximum benefit from the available resources .There are variety of fuels available suiting to the various requirement and it is mainly chosen on the basis of viscosity and free fatty acid content. An experimental study was conducted on the performance and emission characteristics of Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) diesel engine with Calophyllum Inophyllum Methyl Ester (CIME). A four stroke, single cylinder and water cooled engine of 4.4 kW rating and compression ratio 17.5:1, 18:1 and 18.5:1 was used for the experiment. Also the blend of B20 (20%CIME+80%Diesel), B40 (40%CIME+60%Diesel) and B60 (60%CIME+40%Diesel) biodiesel was used for conducting the performance and emissions tests at varying load conditions. Various parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and emissions of smoke and unburnt hydrocarbon gases in exhaust were recorded .In order to satisfy these escalating needs, potential feedstock for biodiesel was analysed and process was carried out .Production of biodiesel from plant gives the tremendous way to overcome all the difficulties. The compression ratio has been set at 17.5, 18, and 18.5 to know the various characteristics of bio fuel. The type of software used to carry out the experiments are AVL INDICOM MOBILE software version v2.5 .The rated power and compression ratio were 4.4 kw and 16-22:1 .There will be an enormous growth in alternative fuel industry and it will be the future source of energy.

Parametric Optimization Through Numerical Simulation of VCR Diesel Engine

In the present study, the Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine was analyzed numerically using CONVERGE™ Computational Fluid Dynamics code in order to optimize the design/operating parameters such as Compression Ratio (CR), Start of Injection (SOI) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). VCR engine was run for 100 % load to test its performance and it was validated for standard configuration. Simulations were performed by varying the design/operating parameters such as CR (18–14), SOI (17°–26° bTDC) and EGR (0–15 %) at constant fuel injection pressure of 230 bar and speed of 1500 rpm. The effect of each of these parameters on pressure, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot are presented. Finally, regression equations were developed for pressure, NOx and soot by using the simulation results. The regression equations were solved for multi objective criteria in order to reduce the NOx and soot while maintaining the baseline performance. The optimized configuration was tested for validation and found satisfactory.

Improvement of biodiesel methanol blends performance in a variable compression ratio engine using response surface methodology

The main objective of this work was to improve the performance of biodiesel–methanol blends in a VCR engine by using optimized engine parameters. For optimization of the engine, operational parameters such as compression ratio, fuel blend, and load are taken as factors, whereas performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (Bth) and brake specific fuel consumption (Bsfc) and emission parameters such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), Nitric oxides (NOx) and smoke are taken as responses. Experimentation is carried out as per the design of experiments of the response surface methodology. Optimization of engine operational parameters is carried out using Derringers Desirability approach. From the results obtained it is inferred that the VCR engine has maximum performance and minimum emissions at 18 compression ratio, 5% fuel blend and at 9.03kg of load. At this optimized operating conditions of the engine the responses such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, and smoke are found to be 31.95%, 0.37kg/kWh, 0.036%, 5ppm, 531.23ppm and 15.35% respectively. It is finally observed from the mathematical models and experimental data that biodiesel methanol blends have maximum efficiency and minimum emissions at optimized engine parameters.

Performance and Emission of VCR-CI Engine with palm kernel and eucalyptus blends

Summary This study aims at complete replacement of conventional diesel fuel by biodiesel. In order to achieve that, palm kernel oil and eucalyptus oil blend has been chosen. Eucalyptus oil was blended with methyl ester of palm kernel oil in 5%, 10% and 15% by volume. Tests were conducted with diesel fuel and blends on a 4 stroke VCR diesel engine for comparative analysis with 220 bar injection pressure and 19:1 compression ratio. All the test fuels were used in computerized 4 stroke single cylinder variable compression ratio engine at five different loads (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 N m). Present investigation depicts the improved combustion and reduced emissions for the PKO85% + EuO15% blend when compared to diesel at full load conditions.

Experimental analysis of combustion characteristics on a variable compression ratio engine fuelled with biodiesel (castor oil) and diesel blends

ABSTRACTCastor biodiesel was used to investigate the combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine with blending ratio of B00 to B50 and compression ratio from 15 to 18. After extensive experimental work and observation, the effect on various parameter like mean gas temperature, cylinder pressure variation, net heat release, and mass fraction burned are compared with compression ratio and blending ratio. Observations have been drawn on the effects of the above parameters with various inputs. Mean gas temperature increases with compression ratio for all blending ratios and gives maximum value for B00. Cylinder pressure increases with compression ratio and maximum value is obtained at compression ratio 18 for B50. Net heat release decreases with compression ratio and maximum value is obtained for B00 at compression ratio 15. Mass fraction burned is better for B20 and poor for B50 for compression ratio 15 and 18.

Investigation on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of variable compression engine fuelled with diesel, waste plastics oil blends

Presently plastics are major contributors in solid waste which has higher thermal energy. Waste plastics can be converted into alternate fuel by pyrolysis which can replace diesel in compression ignition engines. The present study deals with the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine fuelled with plastic oil, diesel and its blends with diethyl ether as an additive. Three blends 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 % were tested in variable compression ratio engine. Waste plastic oil blend, pure plastic oil and diesel were considered for comparison. This study reveals that brake thermal efficiency increases for all the blends when compression ratio increases from 12 to 20. The specific fuel consumption of the blends and plastic oil were higher than the diesel. But the brake thermal efficiency for all the blends, plastic oil was comparatively lower than that of diesel. The regulated emissions of the variable compression ratio engine under varying loads and compression ratio for different blends were discussed.

Experimental and analytical investigation on the emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fueled with tamanu oil methyl esters

The emission and combustion characteristics of a four stroke multi fuel single cylinder variable compression ratio engine fueled with tamanu oil methyl ester and its blends 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% with diesel (on volume basis) are examined and compared with standard diesel. Biodiesel produced from tamanu oil by trans-esterification process has been used in this study. The experiment has been conducted at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with 50% load and at compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1, and 20:1. With different blend and for selected compression ratio the exhaust gas emissions such as CO, HC, NOx, CO2, and the combustion characteristics are measured. The variation of the emission parameters for different compression ratios and for different blends is given, and optimum compression ratio which gives best performance has been identified. The results indicate higher rate of pressure rise and minimum heat release rate at higher compression ratio for tamanu oil methyl ester when compared with standard diesel. The blend B40 for tamanu oil methyl ester is found to give minimum emission at 50% load. The blend when used as fuel results in reduction of polluting gases like HC, CO, and increase in NOx emissions. The previously mentioned emission parameters have been validated with the aid of artificial neural network. A separate model is developed for emission characteristics in which compression ratio, blend percentage and load percentage were used as the input parameter whereas CO, CO2, HC, and NOx were used as the output parameter. This study shows that there is a good correlation between the artificial neural network predicted values and the experimental data for different emission parameters.

Experimental studies on variable compression ratio engine fuelled with cottonseed oil methyl ester biodiesel

This research work investigates the effects of compression ratio on engine performances, combustion characteristics and emission of exhaust gases of variable compression ratio engine fuelled with biodiesel. The cottonseed oil methyl ester is blended with standard diesel and used as fuel in the variable compression ratio single cylinder four stroke multi fuel engine at 1,440 rpm of 80% load with different compression ratios i.e., 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 21:1 and 22:1. The analyses of engine performances, combustion characteristics and emission of exhaust gases were carried out for different proportions of cottonseed oil methyl ester blends (b15%, b30%, b45%, b60%, b75%, b90% and b100%). The investigation reveals that at higher compression ratios, heat release rate, combustion pressure and brake thermal efficiency is higher. The investigation also reveals that the brake power and mechanical efficiency are found to have increased with increase in compression ratios. It is also found that the higher blend proportions with standard diesel reduce the emission of HC and CO2 but increase the emission of NOX. [Received: November 5 2013; Accepted: October 4 2014]

Experimental Validation of a Likelihood-Based Stochastic Knock Controller

New likelihood-based stochastic knock controllers have the potential to deliver a significantly improved regulatory response relative to conventional strategies, while also maintaining a rapid transient response, but evaluation studies to date have been performed only in simulation. In this paper, an experimental validation of the new strategy is presented. To demonstrate the robustness of the method, the algorithm is implemented on two different engine platforms, using two different knock intensity metrics, and evaluated under different operating conditions. One of these platforms is a five-cylinder variable compression ratio engine, enabling the controller to be tested under different compression ratios, as well as different speed and load conditions. The regulatory and transient performance of the likelihood-based controller is assessed in a back-to-back comparison with a conventional knock controller and it is shown that the new controller is able to operate closer to the knock limit with less variation in control action without increasing the risk of engine damage.

Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Variable Compression Ignition Engine

Variable Compression Ratio engine test rig is used to determine the effect of compression Ratio on the performance and emissions of the engine. The objective is to determine the optimum compression ratio for the better performance and lowering the emissions. In order to determine the optimum compression ratio, experiments were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratios of 16.5, 17.0, 17.5, 18.0 and 19.0 in a Diesel engine. The performance characteristics of the engine namely break power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and other parameters are studied and also conducted the emissions test namely Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides and other emissions at various conditions. It is observed that a significant improvement in the performances and lowered the various emissions also at a compression ratio of 17.0 compared to other compression ratios due to the enhancement of the overall combustion process.

Reconfigurability of engines: A kinematic approach to variable compression ratio engines

The variable compression ratio (VCR) engine has become an opportunity to overcome the new consumption and emissions laws. Researchers believe that the VCR engine can unite both efficiency and performance. Thus, it is applied a methodology based on Tsai (2000) and Yan (1998) in order to investigate the opportunities for the development of VCR engines. A patent survey was conducted analyzing 1163 patents and resulting in 127 different VCR engine designs. Based on that survey and comparing with several authors, this paper proposes an enhanced classification of the VCR engines. The kinematic chains from all classes of VCR engines are analyzed in order to investigate the topological and structural characteristics which are compared with previous works from Freudenstein and Maki (1983) and Tsai (2000). This information is used to discuss both the reconfigurability and the potential for innovation of VCR engines.

Optimal Blend for the Performance and Emission Analysis of C.I & V.C.R Engine Fuelled with Animal Tallow Methyl Esters (ATME) Blended with Diesels

This Paper deals with the study of the potential substitution of Animal Tallow Methyl Ester (ATME) Blends for diesel as fuel for automobiles and other industrial purpose.The objective of this paper is to analyse the performance and emission characteristics of the animal tallow methyl esters and comparing them with petroleum diesel. The tests were carried out on a 3.5 KW, single cylinder, and direct injection engine. Engine tests have been carried out on 20% increase in steps of ATME blends with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of brake power, specific fuel consumption and emissions such as CO2, CO, HC, smoke density and NOx to study the behavior of the diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics affected by various parameters like compression ratio which shows the major impact on engine performance by fuelling with biodiesel.Tests are also carried out on Variable Compression Ratio Engine B20 (ATME) which results in minor decrease in thermal efficiency with significant improvement in reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons when compared to diesel. The experimental result shows that 20% of blend shows better performance with reduced pollution on V.C.R engine.

Influence of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a VCR engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel blends

The standard configuration parameters of a Variable compression ratio (VCR) engine neglect to give specific execution with biodiesel from distinctive origins. Alongside, a bunch of exploration of diversified biodiesel over performance and emission analysis, extremely constrained work has been taken out on combustion analysis with VCR. This survey was performed to identify the impact of compression ratio on the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester (COME) and its blends with diesel. Experiments were conducted at a fixed speed of 1500 RPM, full load and at different compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1 and 18:1. Results, revealed that combustion duration of Calophyllum inophyllum oil was more, while the ignition delay period was shorter than that of diesel.

Emissions and Performance Evaluation of DI CI - VCR Engine Fuelled with Honne oil Methyl Ester /Diesel Blends

The present work investigates the emission and thermal performance of DI CI variable compression ratio engine using blends of biodiesel and standard diesel as a fuel at compression ratios of 15,16,17 and 18. The biodiesel derived from non edible Calophyllum Inophyllum linn oil is used on the engine. The blends of biodiesel and diesel used were B20, B40, B60, B80 and 100% biodiesel. At 18 CR the brake thermal efficiency of the engine operated with 100% biodiesel is 8.9% less than Diesel and the brake specific fuel consumption for biodiesel found to be more than that of diesel. There is major reduction in Carbon monoxide and Hydrocarbon emissions with 100% biodiesel as a fuel compared to diesel at compression ratio of 18.

A study on the performance and emission characteristics of esterified pinnai oil tested in VCR engine

Biodiesel is a clean renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is biodegradable, oxygenated, non toxic and free from sulfur and aromatics. The biodiesel prepared from pinnai oil undergoes acid esterification followed by alkaline transesterification process. The fatty acid methyl esters components were identified using gas chromatography and compared with the standard properties. The properties of biodiesel are comparable with diesel. The yield of the biodiesel production depends upon the process parameters such as reaction temperature, pH, time duration and amount of catalyst. The yield of biodiesel by transesterification process was 73% at 55°C. This fuel was tested in a variable compression ratio engine with blend ratios of B10 and B20. During the test runs the compression ratio of the engine was varied from 15:1 to 18:1 and the torque is adjusted from zero to maximum value of 22Nm. The performance characteristics such as the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and exhaust gas temperature of the engine are analyzed. The combustion characteristics of biodiesel like ignition delay, combustion duration and maximum gas temperature and the emission characteristics are also analyzed. The performance characteristics, combustion characteristics and engine emission are effective in the variable compression ratio engine with biodiesel and it is compared with diesel.