Human Development Index Values Research Articles

Study on Evaluation of Rational Land-Use Based on EES Model of Supply and Demand Equilibrium

The function value of land ecological services is underestimated, which leads to over-exploitation. There is an urgent need to establish a comprehensive evaluation model that can reflect the real cost of land-use projects. In this paper, we establish an EES model based on the equilibrium of supply and demand under the fixed supply of natural resources. In this model, the target value is mainly composed of ecological value EC_1 and economic value EC_2 of land ecosystem services. Subjective value is affected by different social preferences, the relationship between human development index and social value SC is established through the Pearl Growth Model, and the share of subjective value in total land value under different levels of social development is calculated. Finally, according to the utility value theory, the land scarcity index SI is introduced to reflect the relationship between land demand and land stock of land-use projects in the region and shows that the land price per unit area of different scales is different.

Exploring the Variation of Human Development in SAARC Countries

Human development should be seen as an extensive, innovative, appreciative and community procedure, rather than the simple expansion of health, education and income. The countries in this globe should have strong ‘human development policies and strategies to attained the better outcome in the sector of income, health and education. In this condition all state should focused to build basic human capabilities and should be related to attained peace, security and community participation for resource mobilization and for social dynamics. These necessities can be seen in a range of occurrence in past and present in different location. It is clear that low is the variation about the outcome of HDI with reference to time in a decade better are the strategies for the human development. In SAARC countries some examination of human development and its components were reviewed and use summary statistics found improved in the value of human development index. Similarly the scale of variations in different statistics are found in decreasing order. The value of coefficient of variances were 15.64% in 2014, 14.33% in 2018 and 13.8% in 2020 respectively. Those figures shows increasing in consistency in mean HDI with decreasing pattern in variation in value of HDI and progress in human development. The variation in these three components which is depending on strategies of the respective country. The peace, freedom with societal partnership, might be seen as a social democratic mission. The summary statistics reflect the situation of the variation in the SAARC countries. The variation in HDI is in decreasing order from 2014 to 2020. Similarly five countries are found below the average HDI out of eight countries and found in progress. Among these eight countries Sri Lanka is in top position where as Afghanistan is in the lowest position. These statistics clearly explored the existing scenario of the human development status of SAARC region.

Panel Data Regression Analysis of Human Development Index in West Nusa Tenggara Province with Fixed Effect Model

Humans are the true wealth of the nation. It is appropriate if humans become the main goal in development. Then the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) initiated the Human Development Index (HDI) as an indicator in measuring the progress of human development. Indonesia took part in applying the HDI calculation. Increasing the value of HDI from various provinces in Indonesia continues to be carried out, including in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara. Improving human development is based on an increase in all dimensions of the HDI itself. West Nusa Tenggara Province consists of 10 regencies/ cities. With different geographical, social, and economic backgrounds, the achievement of HDI in each region will vary. The purpose of this study was to determine the model of the HDI in West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2010-2017 using a fixed-effect model, which was used to see the influence of dimensions on the HDI and explain the differences in intercepts in each district/ city in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Based on the research conducted, a fixed effect panel data model on HDI was obtained for each district/ city in NTB in 2010-2017. From the HDI model obtained, it is known that the slope coefficient is constant, but the intercept varies throughout the district/ city. The slope coefficient value shows the magnitude of the influence of life expectancy, school duration, the average length of schooling, and expenditure per capita adjusted to the HDI of each district/ city.

ANALISIS K-MEANS CLUSTER PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI BANTEN BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA

The Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the parameters of success in the development of the quality of human life, besides that at the regional level, the HDI is an indicator of the primary performance measurement and allocation of Regional Incentive Funds in promoting the welfare of the people in the area. In 2020 the Banten Province Human Development Index 72.45 only rose 0.01% compared to 2019, lower than the growth in 2019, which reached 0.68% and is still stuck in the high category (70≤HDI≤80), this indicates the progress of human development in Banten experienced a slowdown, In addition, when compared to the growth of the HDI-forming indicators in 2019, all components that make up the HDI experienced a slowdown in growth except for RLS which experienced growth acceleration of 0.33% from 1.39% in 2019 to 1.72% in 2020. So it is necessary to do a deeper analysis to determine the characteristics of the indicators that make up the HDI in the City as a contributor to the HDI value of the Banten Province so that efforts can be made to increase human development as evidence of improving the welfare of the people in the Banten Province. The K-Means Cluster method is used to group cities in Banten Province based on similar characteristics in terms of the HDI compiler indicators, including Life Expectancy at Birth, Expected Years of Schooling, and Average Length of School in, and Expenditure per Capita. Based on the results of the analysis obtained three clusters consisting of cities with similar characteristics in each cluster. Cluster 1 is a City with a low HDI indicator consisting of Pandeglang, Lebak, Serang. Cluster 2 is a City with a medium HDI indicator consisting of Tangerang, Cilegon, Serang City. Cluster 3 has a high HDI indicator consisting of Tangerang City and South Tangerang City. After obtaining City information based on the characteristics of each cluster, then the Banten Provincial government can provide direction and policies to each City in Clusters 1 and 2 to be able to develop activity programs with more attention to the HDI compiler indicators so that the Human Development Index in the City can increase

An analysis of Human Development Index and Economic Growth. A case study of Pakistan

Economic growth is an important factor in the economic development of a country. There are some factors that can increase economic growth namely human development. The level of human development in a country array in the value of the Human Development Index (HDI). The growth rate of a country appears in the value of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita. The influence of human power resources is shown in the value of HDI which is able to influence the level of economic growth in the value of its GDP. This study will examine the effect of HDI on economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1980-2018 against its economic growth in its GDP per capita. The result of this research indicates that each country has a strong and significant correlation between HDI and GDP. It is concluded that the level of HDI can affect the GDP per capita. Economic growth makes it possible to reach a high level of human development, on the one hand, increasing levels of human development leading to increase opportunities for economic growth. The causal relationship between economic growth and human development becomes a mutually influential relationship. So it is clear that the human development in the country relates to an influence of economic growth which is seen in per capita income (GDP per capita) which can be an indicator of welfare in the country.

An analysis of Human Development Index and Economic Growth. A case study of Pakistan.

Economic growth is an important factor in the economic development of a country. There are some factors that can increase economic growth namely human development. The level of human development in a country array in the value of the Human Development Index (HDI). The growth rate of a country appears in the value of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita. The influence of human power resources is shown in the value of HDI which is able to influence the level of economic growth in the value of its GDP. This study will examine the effect of HDI on economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1980-2018 against its economic growth in its GDP per capita. The result of this research indicates that each country has a strong and significant correlation between HDI and GDP. It is concluded that the level of HDI can affect the GDP per capita. Economic growth makes it possible to reach a high level of human development, on the one hand, increasing levels of human development leading to increase opportunities for economic growth. The causal relationship between economic growth and human development becomes a mutually influential relationship. So it is clear that the human development in the country relates to an influence of economic growth which is seen in per capita income (GDP per capita) which can be an indicator of welfare in the country.

Prediction of Human Development Index with Health Indicators Using Tree-Based Regression Models

Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence that allows computers to predict and model future events by making inferences from past information with mathematical and statistical operations. In this study, we used tree-based regression models, one of the machine learning methods, to determine and predict the effect of health indicators of 191 countries on the human development index (HDI) between 2014 and 2018 years. When tree-based regression models were compared according to model performance criteria, it was found that the best model was the gradient boosting model with the highest R2 = 0.9962 and the smallest RMSE = 0.0094. With the gradient boosting model, the three most important variables to HDI are; current health expenditure per capita, physicians and nurses, and midwives, respectively. By selecting the ten countries with the highest HDI values and Turkey, HDI values were estimated for 2018-2019 with a gradient boosting model. The countries for which HDI values are best predicted by the gradient boosting method are Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Turkey, Ireland, Germany, Australia, and China.

Human Development Index (HDI) of the Fisherman Community in Ransang Island Indonesia

HDI of fisherman communities is an important indicator to measure the success of developing the quality of life of fisherman communities. HDI is used to see the development of fisherman communities in the long term. This research was conducted in May-August 2021 in Ransang Island, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study used a survey method, the sampling method was carried out by multi-stage cluster sampling as many as 40 fisherman spread over several sub-districts. Data analysis for determining HDI is calculated based on the geometric mean of the health index, knowledge index and expenditure index which refers to the UNDP calculation model. The HDI value of the fisherman community of Ransang Island in 2020 was 57.83. The HDI value is composed of a Health Index of 75,08; Education Index of 62,57; and the Expenditure Index of 45,88. The value of the health index is influenced by child mortality. The low Education Index is caused by accessibility, facilities and infrastructure constraints and costs. The expenditure index value is influenced by low productivity, one of which is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. HDI of fisherman communities is an important indicator to measure the success of developing the quality of life of fisheries communities. HDI is used to see the development of fisheries communities in the long term.

Cancer of unknown primary - incidence, mortality trend, and mortality-to-incidence ratio is associated with human development index in Central Serbia, 1999-2018: Evidence from the national cancer registry.

The aim was to estimate the trend of incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in Central Serbia in 1999-2018 and its possible association with the human development index (HDI). In this study, cancer of unknown primary (CUP) was included as C77-C80 codes. Trend analysis was performed in the Joinpoint Regression Programme version 4.8.0.1. HDI combines life expectancy, educational attainment and gross national income. HDI values for Serbia are extracted from the global bank site. Joinpoint regression analysis of the age-standardised incidence rate of CUP showed a significantly increasing trend with annual percent change (APC) of 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-14.3%) in males and 7.8% (95%CI 2.7-13.2) in females. The age-standardised mortality rate of CUP showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of -1.7% (95%CI -2.8 to -0.5%) in males and -1.4% (95%CI -2.7 to -0.1%) in females. MIR showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of -9.3% (95%CI -14.6 - -3.6%) in males and -7.1% (95%CI -10.5% to -4.2%) in females. The linear regression showed significant inverse association among HDI and the MIR of CUP in males (r2 = 0.464, p = 0.002) and in females (r2 = 0.612, p < 0.001). Decline of MIR was associated with HDI, suggesting that CUP prognosis follows socio-economic status.

Assessment of Human Capital in Russian Macroregions

A quantitative assessment of human capital is necessary for both understanding society and implementing effective socio-economic policies. In the present paper, a new approach — the Human Life Indicator (HLI) — was implemented to measure inequality in life expectancy. The Human Development Index (HDI), proposed by the United Nations, does not take into account significant internal inequalities of countries with the same or similar life expectancy. On the contrary, HLI reflects the well-being in terms of years of life, additionally considering the inequality in life expectancy. Presented calculations were based on federal mortality statistics. This study estimated human development of Russian federal districts by comparing HDI and HLI. The analysis revealed that high HDI values, achieved, for example, due to a high gross regional product (GRP) per capita, do not translate into an improvement in the quality of life for the majority of the population. Such situation is observed in the Far Eastern Federal District. The regions that are relatively prosperous in terms of HLI are concentrated in the European part of Russia and the North Caucasus Federal District. Simultaneously, most Siberian and the Far Eastern regions, characterised by high inequality in life expectancy, require the attention of federal and regional authorities. The presented approach to assessing the success of regional development can be used to estimate how the ongoing socio-economic policy and health care reforms influence the quality of life in the regions. This method can also be applied to compare inter-regional indicators of human capital and monitor changes in well-being of the population.

Global Scientific Outputs of Schizophrenia Publications From 1975 to 2020: a Bibliometric Analysis.

Schizophrenia is a choronic, complex and powerfully inherited mental illness that seriously affects quality of life. The illness is one of the most researched psychiatric disorders from past to present. This study aims to provide a holistic summary of the global scientific outputs through bibliometric analyses and reveal the trend topics. The articles published between the years 1975 and 2020 were downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS) database and analyzed using bibliometric methods. The literature review was conducted using the keyword ''schizophren*'' in the ''Research Area'' category. The relation between the number of publications of the countries and the Gross Domestic Products and Human Development Index values were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The number of articles between the years 2021 and 2032 was estimated through linear regression analysis.There were 103,992 publications, 51,117 of which were articles. The number of studies has increased in direct proportion to the development level of the countries. Schizophrenia Research was the most active journal. The most used research topics are cognition, negative symptoms, bipolar disorder, antipsychotics, depression, clozapine, quality of life. Trend keywords used in recent years are 'inflammation', 'biomarker', 'oxidative stress', 'Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)', 'social cognition', 'metacognition', 'motivation', 'social functioning', 'functioning', 'mental health', 'metabolic syndrome', 'functional connectivity', 'adherence' and 'recovery' indicated new research frontiers in this field. Although schizophrenia has not been fully elucidated, studies are growing like an avalanche. Our study includes the most up-to-date and most comprehensive data ever made in this field.

HDI, Technological and Human Resources in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malformations of the Circulatory System in Brazil.

ResumoFudamento Em 2015, foram diagnosticados 2.368 portadores de malformação congênita (MC) por 100.000 nascidos vivos (NV) no mundo, uma taxa de 7,6%, dos quais 10,6% morreram no primeiro ano de vida, sendo 43% por malformações do aparelho circulatório (MAC), à semelhança do que ocorre no Brasil.Objetivo Verificar a associação de diagnóstico de MAC ao nascimento e morte por MAC no primeiro ano de vida com índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) e recursos tecnológicos e humanos para o diagnóstico e tratamento da MAC por macrorregião do Brasil.Métodos Estudo ecológico de dados disponíveis de 2000 a 2015. Informações sobre NV, óbitos e ecocardiógrafos foram obtidas do DATASUS, o IDH, do Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil, e as demais foram obtidas da demografia médica. Foram realizadas medidas de correlação entre as variáveis utilizando o índice de Kendall.Resultados A taxa de MC foi 660,8/100.000 NV, das quais, 18.444 por MAC (taxa de diagnóstico 38,55/100.000 NV). As regiões Sul e Sudeste, com maiores valores de IDH e recursos, apresentaram as maiores taxas de diagnóstico de MAC (56,94/100.000 e 62,83/100.000 NV, respectivamente). As regiões Norte e Nordeste, com os menores valores de IDH e recursos, apresentaram as menores taxas de diagnóstico de MAC (9,77/100.000 e 13,43/100.000 NV, respectivamente). Essa taxa de diagnóstico foi 6,4 vezes maior no Sudeste do que no Norte, mas as taxas de mortalidade foram similares.Conclusão Das MC, as MAC apresentaram a maior mortalidade nos menores de 1 ano no Brasil.

Trend analysis of disability adjusted life years due to cardiovascular diseases: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of global mortality representing about one third of all deaths across the world. The objective of the present study was to model the global trend in disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and its components due to CVD over the past three decades. We also aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between CVD DALY and Human Development Index (HDI) in this period of time.MethodsThe age-standardized rates of years lost due to disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and DALY were extracted for cardiovascular diseases from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 in years 1990 to 2019. Additionally, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database was used to retrieve HDI values for all world countries at the same period time. The trend analysis was performed using the joinpoint regression model.ResultsThe obtained revealed a significant downward trend for DALY and its components with the average annual percent change of − 1.0, − 0.3 and − 1.1 per 100,000 population, respectively for DALY, YLD and YLL. We also found that countries with high/very high levels of HDI have remarkably experienced steeper declining slope of trend than those in lower levels of HDI over the study period.ConclusionsAlthough the observed decreasing trend of CVD burden is a hopeful message for all world countries, the considerable gap in slope of trend between richer and poorer parts of the world is a serious alarm for health policy makers. Regarding this, there is an urgent need to put more efforts on implementing preventive programs, improving the level of patients’ care and providing efficient treatment, especially in regions with lower levels of HDI.

Faktor penentu indeks pembangunan manusia dan hubungannya dengan belanja infrastruktur serta pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jambi

This study aims to analyze the factors that determine the Human Development Index (HDI), to analyze the relationship between HDI and infrastructure spending, and to analyze the relationship between infrastructure spending and economic growth in districts/cities in Jambi Province. The data used in this study are secondary data with the type of Time Series 2012-2018 and Cross Section 11 districts/cities. This study uses Panel Data Multiple Regression Analysis and Simple Correlation Analysis using the E-views 10 tool. The results of this study indicate that the HDI of districts/cities in Jambi Province increases every year, partially the ratio of teachers to students, number of health facilities, and density. The population has a positive and significant effect in determining HDI. While the poverty factor has a negative but not statistically significant effect in determining the HDI of districts/cities in Jambi Province with an R-Square value of 0.9312. The relationship between HDI and infrastructure spending has a negative and insignificant effect, which means that an increase in infrastructure spending will increase the decrease in the value of HDI. The relationship between growth spending and economic growth has a positive and significant effect, which means that an increase in the value of infrastructure spending will increase the value of economic growth.

Analisis Diskriminan dalam Menentukan Fungsi Pengelompokan Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia berdasarkan Indikator Indeks Pembangunan Manusia

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure used to measure the success of human development in an area. There are several indicators used to compile the HDI value. Previously, regencies/cities were grouped based on the HDI indicator. The grouping is done using K-means cluster analysis with 4 categories, namely regencies/cities that have low, medium, high, and very high HDI indicator values. From the results of determining the category of the HDI indicator in an area, we need a function that can be used to classify an object into one of the HDI indicator value categories. The compilation of the classification function is carried out using discriminant analysis. The results obtained from the discriminant analysis are that there are 10 variables or indicators that fall into the discriminant function. The resulting discriminant function is quite good in classifying each group with a success rate of more than 85% and the discriminant function is supported by a fairly good validation success rate, namely with a classification accuracy of 93.20%.

Efisiensi Belanja Pemerintah Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Secara Regional di Indonesia

This study analyzed the efficient level for Government expenditure on the regional Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia in 2014-2018. This study used panel data with the number of DMUs in 34 provinces in Indonesia, while the input variable was government spending in the health, education, economy, social protection sectors, and the output variable was the human development index for 2014-2018. This study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) testing and focused on input (input-oriented) by using the assumption of Variable Return to Scale (VRS). The results showed that only 14 provinces were efficient in using Government Expenditures to increase HDI, but 20 provinces were inefficient in using Government Expenditures to increase HDI. Thus it is hoped that all provinces, especially those who were inefficient, can improve their performance in the use of government expenditure budgets that have been used in increasing the HDI value and the government can make decisions or policies in the problem of achieving the HDI value for each province in Indonesia.

Human and climate drivers of global biomass burning variability.

Biomass burning is one of the most critical factors impacting vegetation and atmospheric trends, with important societal implications, particularly when extreme weather conditions occur. Trends and factors of burned area (BA) have been analysed at regional and global scales, but little effort has been dedicated to study the interannual variability. This paper aimed to better understand factors explaining this variation, under the assumption that the more human control of fires the more frequently they occur, as burnings will be less dependent of weather cycles. Interannual variability of BA was estimated from the coefficient of variation of the annual BA (BA_CV) estimated from satellite data at 250m, covering the period from 2001 to 2018. These data and the explanatory variables were resampled at 0.25-degree resolution for global analysis. Relations between this variable and explanatory factors, including human and climate drivers, were estimated using Random Forest (RF) and generalized additive models (GAM). BA_CV was negatively related to BA_Mean, implying that areas with higher average BA have lower variability as well. Interannual BA variability decreased when maximum temperature (TMAX) and actual and potential evapotranspiration (AET, PET) increased, cropland and livestock density increased and the human development index (HDI) values decreased. GAM models indicated interesting links with AET, PET and precipitation, with negative relation with BA_CV for the lower ranges and positive for the higher ones, the former indicating fuel limitations of fire activity, and the latter climate constrains. For the global RF model, TMAX, AET and HDI were the main drivers of interannual variability. As originally hypothesised, BA_CV was more dependent on human factors (HDI) in those areas with medium to large BA occurrence, particularly in tropical Africa and Central Asia, while climatic factors were more important in boreal regions, but also in the tropical regions of Australia and South America.

A STUDY OF INTERSTATE VARIATIONS OF HEALTH OUTCOMES IN INDIA

The present study attempts to highlight the trends and regional variations in health outcomes in major states of India.The study investigates the spatial variations across the selected states of India in terms of basic health indicators such as infant mortality rate(IMR), under five mortality rate (U5MR), life expectancy rate(LEB) and literacy rate. In order to capture the health outcomes of 20 major states of India spearman's rank correlation has been calculated. In the study, health outcomes data have been used forIMR trends in rural urban comparison for the period 1980 to 2017.The study revealed the rank correlation between Life expectancy at birth( LEB) and poverty level, per capita NSDP, total literacy rate, per capita health expenditure show highly statistically significant correlations. Human Development Index (HDI) value and LEB also shows the rank correlation (0.809) which are highly statisticallypositively significantcorrelations. Negative signare(-0.275) of rank correlation betweenLEBand poverty level depicts the inverse relationship between them, showing an increase in poverty level is expected to bring a fall inLEB.The study revealed the Inequalities in the availability of health servicesacrossthe selectedstates of India.Variations are pronounced in terms of socio-economic, demographic and maternal health outcomes.The interstate variation are the best illustrated by comparing the state of Kerala with (7 per thousand live birth) in IMR and female literacy rate with (92.1percent).Thestudy also focuses on the inequalities in utilization of preventive and curative servicesacross the rural -urban areas of selected states of Indiaand found that the economic conditions and effectiveness of health services at the state level have direct bearing on health status of people in the respective states.

Assessing the Relationship between Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia Mortality Rates and Human Development Index: A 26-Year Trend Analysis Using Location-Scale Mixed Effects Model.

Background:Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is one of the most prevalent types of leukemia, which is responsible for a remarkable mortality rate in the world. This study aimed to investigate the global trend of this cancer from 1990 to 2015 and to determine the relationship between trend of CLL mortality rate and Human Development Index (HDI) throughout the world.Methods:The age-standardized mortality rate data of all countries of the world (per 100,000) were extracted from the GBD database. In addition, the HDI values for the studied countries in different years were obtained from the UNDP database. The statistical analysis was performed using the mixed-effects location-scale model in the SAS software, version 9.4.Results:The findings of the statistical modeling showed a downward slope for CLL Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) for total world countries (β̂ = −0.002). We also find a significant association between CLL ASMR and HDI. Countries with higher HDI had higher level of CLL ASMR in years 1990 to 2015 with a negative slope. Furthermore, countries with lower HDI had Lower level of CLL ASMR with rather fixed rates in this period.Conclusion:These findings showed a decreasing trend of global CLL ASMR in the previous decades, although, the fixed trend of CLL ASMR in countries with low HDI is worrisome. The health policymakers should make more efforts to decrease the mortality due to this cancer in these countries.

Does the Human Development Index relate with acute lymphoblastic leukemia incidence?

The association between childhood cancer and socioeconomic status has been widely studied. However, none of the results are conclusive. This study aimed to analyze the association between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) incidence in children under the Popular Medical Insurance Care. We conducted an observational, descriptive, and population-based study covering 55% of the Mexican population (58 million). The most impoverished states were located in the south east region of Mexico, while the north was more homogeneous, with HDIs varying between 0.73 and 0.79. Our findings emphasize that the metropolitan area of Mexico City and the State of Nuevo Leon have the highest levels of HDI. Regions were graded from I to IV according to their HDIs in ascending order. The HDIs varied from 0.667 to 0.830/100,000 children/year, with a national average of 0.746. The leukemia incidence for regions I, II, III, and IV was 6.12, 6.53, 4.96, and 9.95. An analysis of ALL incidence in Mexico showed significant differences for region IV in comparison with the other regions based on the HDI values (p = 0.0001). Further in-depth studies, including the economic aspects of the different geographic regions and their ethnographic characteristics, would give a more comprehensive panorama.