Uzbekistan Research Articles

Technical and economic analysis, calculation and justification of hydrogen production through solar thermochemical reactor in Republic of Uzbekistan

In this study, the economic viability of hydrogen production in the Republic of Uzbekistan was evaluated. Specifically, the costs and breakeven prices for hydrogen production were analysed across five selected regions within the Republic. The analysis focused on the potential reduction in production costs achievable through investor engagement. Among the regions studied, Tashkent exhibited the lowest production cost at 1.2 USD/kg. In scenarios devoid of investor participation, the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) was estimated to range between 1.25 and 2.00 USD/kg. The inclusion of investors was found to yield an average profit of 0.35 USD/kg across the Republic. The findings suggest that with an average production cost of 1.2 USD/kg, hydrogen production in the Republic of Uzbekistan could be economically viable.

Green Jobs in a Sustainable Labor Market: Remote Work, Skills and Training

In the face of rapidly growing environmental threats, the need to transition to a green economy based on the use of environmentally friendly technologies and resources comes to the fore. One of the most important aspects of this transition is the creation of green jobs that contribute to reducing negative environmental impacts and sustainable development. The article examines the concept of green jobs as they define their role in mitigating the climate crisis and contributing to economic growth. The required skills for these jobs are analyzed, including both technical and soft skills that enable successful completion of environmentally responsible tasks. The study explores the differences in skill requirements for green and non-green jobs, and the importance of training managers and workers to effectively operate remote work in the context of a green economy. Based on data from sociological surveys conducted in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a relationship is found between the levels of manager training and employee support when working remotely, which plays an important role in organizing green jobs. The findings highlight the significance of building appropriate skills for a successful transition to a green economy and sustainable development.

Technology of Creating an Innovative and Methodological Projects for Vocational Education Teachers: An Example Uzbekistan

This article covers the pedagogical, psychological, philosophical analysis of the concept of innovative and methodological projects in the courses of retraining and professional development of pedagogical personnel in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the ways of their creation and functioning. At the same time, the principles and stages of creating innovative and methodological projects are methodically substantiated. The purpose of the article is to ensure the development of innovative-methodical projects in development of professional creativity of teachers of professional education. The article aimed to the development of innovative activities in the development of investments in the development of professional creativity of teachers of professional education. The principles of using innovation-methodical projects in training courses and the effectiveness of the classification of creative methods are presented in the article. As principles, we have created motivation, methodological, and pedagogical. Stages of innovative and methodical projects, such as innovative-technological stage, methodical-innovative stage, reflective-didactic stage were given and for each stage suggest creative techniques of teaching and learning. During research work, there were teachers of professional education who did lessons in professional colleges. With helping innovative and methodological projects we recommended amount of creative teaching techniques which they could use in pedagogical practice to enhance creative ability of students.

Monitoring of atmospheric air pollution in the samarkand region under the influence of vehicles

This article examines the influence of road transport on air pollution in the city of Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the results of an analysis of the city map, five streets were identified with the largest number of vehicles. As part of the study, the volumes of emissions of harmful gases emitted by vehicles were measured, for this purpose 2 stationary and 2 mobile environmental control posts were used. Based on the results of measurements, it was revealed that road transport accounts for about 30.7 percent of the volume of emissions of pollutants into the air from all emissions in the city of Samarkand. Based on the results of the studies, appropriate conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made to reduce the impact of road transport on the city’s environment.

Macro and microelements in persimmon fruits of Uzbekistan

The study’s findings on the macro and microelement contents of three pomological persimmon fruit varieties—Hiyakume, Zenju-Maru, and Denaus sugar—grown in the Republic of Uzbekistan’s weather-climatic circumstances are presented in this article. The research demonstrated that Uzbekistan’s climate favors persimmon cultivation, which is distinguished by a high concentration of macro and microelements. Studies have established that the accumulation of macro and microelements by fruits is significantly influenced by the pomological variety of persimmon fruits and the weather and climatic conditions of cultivation. As a result, compared to persimmon fruits grown in Surkhandarya region’s Bandykhan Valley, those grown in Fergana Valley have about three times the magnesium concentration. The salt level of the several persimmon fruit kinds under study varied considerably from one another as well. For instance, Fergana Valley persimmon Hiyakume fruits had 6.30 mg/100 g of this element; Bandykhan Valley persimmons of the same type had 28.70 mg/100 g of this element. The fruits of the persimmon variety Zendji-Maru from Fergana Valley were the richest in iron macronutrient content among the studied varieties. For example, the iron content in fruits of Zendji-Maru variety was 10.64 µg/100 g, i.e., almost two times higher than the iron content in fruits of the same variety grown in Bandykhan zone of Surkhandarya region. However, an inverse dependence on manganese content was observed. Persimmon fruits grown in the weather and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan were also rich in iodine content, which is deficient for the region. Overall, it was shown that persimmon fruits may be effectively employed in preventative nutrition and are a good source of potassium, salt, calcium, and several trace elements, including copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine.

Determining the prospects of the development of the cooperative of fruit and vegetable products

In this article, the economic importance of the fruit-vegetable cooperative and its importance in providing the country's population with food products comes from its relevance. The main goal of the research is to supply industrial enterprises with raw materials by using the system of cooperation in the production of fruit and vegetable products. In the conducted scientific research, the mechanisms of state support for fruit and vegetable growers in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the development trends of fruit and vegetable cooperation in the Kashkadarya region to ensure food safety by improving the fruit and vegetable network as a result of the stable growth of cooperation, and to provide the population with ecologically clean products On the basis of economic-mathematical modeling of directions for determining and improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable enterprises, forecast parameters until 2026 have been developed.

THE IMPACTING FACTORS ON SMALL BUSINESS GROWTH

In this study, we have shown the influence of small business development in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Scientists related to the research reviewed and the results achieved by them were briefly covered. Then correlation-regression analysis method was applied in econometric modeling, and the ARIMA modeling process was used for the forecasting process. Research data was obtained from the portal of the Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and was implemented in the calculation process. s, determination (𝑅2), correlation coefficients (𝑟𝑦/𝑥), Durbin-Watson test (DW), and Fisher criterion (F-distribution) tests were used during the data analysis.

Justification of technical parameters of a small-sized device for wool cleaning

This work examines the current state of wool production in the Republic of Uzbekistan, existing methods for cleaning contaminated wool prepared in livestock farms, as well as the structure of the apparatus we developed for cleaning heavily contaminated wool and its location. Diagrams of the main working bodies are presented. At the same time, to verify the results of the study, as well as to determine the specific energy parameters of the wool cleaning device, experimental tests were conducted to determine whether the wool meets the requirements of the cleaning standards. Theoretical studies have resulted in an analytical relationship that allows us to establish patterns of influence of the apparatus parameters and the properties of the processed mass on the power consumption.

State of Transplantation in the Republic Of Uzbekistan: Existing Problems of Donation.

Organ traTransplantation is one of the most successful achievements in modern medicine. For patients with end-stage chronic renal failure, transplantation undeniably improves their quality of life. The purpose of the study was to discuss the latest scientific data on the state of kidney transplantation in the world and to give an idea of the advantages, opportunities, and problems of kidney transplantation in the world and in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Transplantation in Uzbekistan developed in 5 stages. Stage I (1972-1991) began with the first kidney transplant in Uzbekistan on September 14, 1972, on the basis of the legislation on organ and tissue transplantation of 1970. Stage II (1991-1998) represented a break in the field of transplantation due to its prohibition by law. Stage III (1998-2017) comprised a series of 48 kidney transplants from living related donors on the basis of an order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Stage IV (2017-2022) comprised a series of 849 kidney transplants and 22 liver transplants from living related donors on the basis of Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 859 of October 17, 2017. Stage V began on May 11, 2022, with the adoption of the a new of the Republic of Uzbekistan, On Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues. According to this new law, the objects of transplantation can be human organs and (or) tissues taken from either a living donor or a deceased donor. This law will expand the range of donors for patients in need. Transplantology is a sphere of life activity that can no longer be ignored; therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement humanistic principles on the basis of which it will be regulated.

Analysis of defects in health care delivery for children based on the data of commission forensic medical examinations performed in the Republic of Uzbekistan

To perform a retrospective analysis of the commission forensic medical examinations' data of pediatric profile with identification of defects in health care delivery and establishment of their connection with unfavorable outcome. The data of 3854 commission forensic medical examinations performed in the period from 2012 to 2021 regarding the evaluation of quality of health care delivery for children with the establishment of nature and type of defects in health care delivery, determination of disease (injury) outcome, identification of cause-effect relationship between the defect in health care delivery and negative disease (injury) outcome. Defects in health care delivery were equal 9% in the studied commission forensic medical examinations. Studied data included all types of defects in health care delivery: defects of diagnosis, treatment and health care delivery. The structure of defects in various age groups differed: diagnosis defects prevailed in the age group of children aged from 29 days to 1 year; treatment defects were most frequent in children group of neonatal period and in children group aged 1-17 years. Child disability and death were negative consequences in all age groups. A direct cause-effect relationship was established between the defect in health care delivery and the negative outcome in all cases. The pathogenetically expectable correlation between the defect in health care delivery and negative outcome, represented by disability or death of a child, was considered to be the medical equivalent of this relationship.

Agroecological efficiency of various doses and combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat in Karakalpakstan

The soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan differ from the soils of other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the insufficient amount of nutrients available to the plant. In this regard, in the Republic, in the production of crop production, it becomes necessary to compensate for the lack of nutrition of the plant by introducing huge doses of expensive mineral fertilizers, and this, in turn, additional labor and a significant financial investment. As a result, this leads not only to an increase in the cost of production and a decrease in the profitability of production, but also negatively affects the ecological state of the soil and the environment. In recent years, grain yields in the Republic have been ensured only by applying large doses of mineral fertilizer, but despite this, grain yields are lower than average than in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and soil fertility leaves much to be desired. Experts attribute this to the insufficient level of attention of producers to the physical, chemical and biological condition of soils, that is, it is not compensated by natural organic components but is subjected to heavy loads. Based on these facts, the conclusion is obvious that in this region, mineral fertilizers, although they are one of the main factors that increase the productivity of crop production, nevertheless they are not able to affect the fertility, resistance and environmental sustainability of the soil. Based on this, it is necessary to develop a local technology involving traditional and alternative types of organic fertilizers capable of compensating for nutrients during the growing season of the plant with maximum optimization of mineral fertilizers without compromising yield.

ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВО УЗБЕКИСТАНА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПУТЕМ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ РАЦИОНОВ КОРМЛЕНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ТАБЛИЦ

The Republic of Uzbekistan livestock and poultry farming state’s general overview in recent years and the main problems of its development is given. The full fledged detailed feeding role and its importance through the modern technologies for rations’ preparation, taking into account the of nutrients, breeding work with farm animals and poultry actual content through the simple and affordable rations by computer technology and digital technologies using creation are shown. To organize farm animals and poultry’s full fledged detailed feeding on private and small farms, a simple program is offered using of which is available for any farmer. At rations compiling within the Microsoft Excel program framework on one sheet by data on nutrition and the amount of feed entering, you can create a rations for any type of farm animals and poultry, taking into account their production and physiological state. At additional data input, the program will also allow to analyze this rations according to such indicators as energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and mineral content, and as well as their ratio. The compilation of scientifically based rations by simple and accessible computer programs will allow to obtain maximum amount of livestock and poultry products in the Republic of Uzbekistan at their quality improving. By this program using the farmer enters normative or factual data on his nutritional value for farm feed, species’ feeding standards, production and physiological condition of farm animals and poultry. If desired, in this program, it can be analyzed the rations compiling, its disadvantages and advantages identifying, and it can also enter data on feed prices into the program in order to the compiled rations’ cost estimating. This simple ration preparation will allow to improve small farm livestock and poultry feeding, that will have a positive impact on genetic potential manifestation and farm animals and poultry production to increase.

Impact of microgeometric parameters on the sliding cutting behavior of macaroni products

The primary objectives of the food industry sectors in the Republic of Uzbekistan are to intensify and optimize technological processes, adopt new progressive equipment for efficient processing modes, reduce energy costs and raw material losses, and improve product quality. Accordingly, this article presents a solution to one of the problems and provides an analysis of the cutting ability of the tool based on the investigated set of blade microgeometry parameters. The research aims to determine the numerical values of the microgeometry parameters for lamellar knife blades, obtained through various formation methods, and to identify the nature of their changes during operation. Additionally, the study explores the possibility of achieving such blade microgeometry parameters during sharpening, which were obtained through the optimization of the cutting ability objective function. The system described in the article has been implemented using the method of microscopic examination of lamellar knives, which allows for the photography of the blade surface and facets, contributing to the visual control of the cutting-edge condition immediately after its formation and during operation.

Metodology for checking the seismic strength of buildings based on existing norms

The article also provides basic information on methods and tools currently used when adding additional floors to buildings in use, assessing the seismic strength of buildings recommended for reconstruction work, determining the reserves for increasing their earthquake intensity. The main part of the article details the methods of accounting for seismic loads in increasing the number of floors of buildings for organizations studying the technical conditions of buildings and structures operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Content analysis of anticancer drugs of the pharmaceutical market of the republic of Uzbekistan

In the article, the analysis of anti-cancer drugs: 2018 №22, 2019 №23, 2020 №24, 2021 №25, 2022 №26 in the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the State Registers of drugs and medical products and drug forms was carried out. The results of the distribution of the dynamics of penetration of anticancer drugs into the pharmaceutical market by producing countries are presented. From this article, we can conclude that although the production of anti-cancer drugs has increased in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years, the number of drugs imported from abroad and the Commonwealth of Independent States has also increased.

Estimation of possible volumes of solar panel waste generation in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Estimation of possible volumes of solar panel waste generation in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Frequency of Complications After Kidney Transplant in the Early Postoperative Period.

Complications after kidney transplant can be divided into surgical and nonsurgical. Our study investigated the incidence of postoperative complications and types of complications in a single center. We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of postoperative complications in 220 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care (Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan) from January 2019 to October 2022. Among the 220 patients, various types of complications were observed in 42 cases (19.1%). Of these, 31 patients (73.8%) had surgical complications and 11 patients (26.2%) had nonsurgical complications. Surgical complications included hematoma of the postoperative wound in 8 patients (19.2%), thrombosis of the graft artery in 1 patient (2.4%), thrombosis of the venous anastomosis in 1 patient (2.4%), lymphocele of the postoperative wound in 7 patients (16.6%), wound infections 4 patients (9.5%), bleeding from the arterial anastomosis 2 patients (4.7%), bleeding from the venous anastomosis 1 patient (2.4%), kink of the venous anastomosis in 3 patients (7.2%), postoperative hernia in 2 patients (4.7%), and urological complications in the form of ureteral necrosis in 2 patients (4.7%). Nonsurgical complications included hyperacute rejection, which led to the removal of the graft, in 2 patients (4.8%), acute cellular rejection of the graft, which was successfully treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, in 4 patients (9.5%), delayed graft function in 1 patients (2.4%) case, and posttransplant diabetes mellitus in 4 patients (9.5%). Despite the frequency of postoperative complications, timely assistance and further monitoring of patients can lead to normal functioning of the kidney transplant, except for cases of hyperacute rejection.

Directions of Ecotourism Organization in Uzbekistan

This article examines the directions of ecotourism development in the Republic of Uzbekistan, which has a significant natural and cultural potential. The current state of ecotourism infrastructure is analysed and key problems that hinder its effective functioning are identified. As a result of the study, the existing ecotourism sites are systematized by areas of activity, and recommendations are proposed for improving the management and development of ecotourism in the country. Particular attention is paid to the issues of rational use of natural resources, enhancing the quality of services and attracting investment on the basis of public-private partnership. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to the organization of ecotourism, which contributes not only to the preservation of natural heritage, but also to the sustainable economic development of the regions.

Physico-chemical properties of oil from plums and prospects for its use

The article is devoted to the methods and results of the research conducted on the development of complex processing technology of plum fruit seeds from fruit seeds growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Obtaining a new type of oil for the food industry, nutritious food for livestock, poultry and fishing industries is described. Development of energy-efficient oil extraction technology using new types of equipment for extracting oil from fruit kernels and the role of non-traditional raw materials today and their wide use in practice are mentioned. Recommendations on the effective use of industrial secondary raw materials released from production enterprises, reducing the amount of waste released into the environment, and the results of research on the effectiveness of research on the measures taken in this regard are covered in detail.

Correlation analysis of factors affecting piggyback transportation in Uzbekistan

Rail transport is traditionally used in the implementation of international and intercontinental piggyback transportation. Despite a significant level of computerization and informatization, the level of delays in the delivery of goods in the field of piggyback intermodal transportation is not decreasing. The unsatisfactory speed of piggyback trains is a significant factor in these delays. This situation has developed due to the lack of effective approaches to building management systems that would demonstrate a high level of efficiency in the face of uncertainty, which is a natural component of the transportation process. The article is devoted to the correlation analysis of factors affecting the cargo turnover of piggyback transportation in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main factors affecting the cargo turnover of piggyback transportation were identified; the degree of the effect was established by statistical methods. Based on data obtained for the last ten years, a correlation matrix and a regression model of cargo turnover were built. The results obtained make it possible to build forecasts for the cargo turnover of piggyback transportation for 2–4 years with a 95% confidence interval.