Agroecological efficiency of various doses and combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat in Karakalpakstan

Abstract

The soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan differ from the soils of other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the insufficient amount of nutrients available to the plant. In this regard, in the Republic, in the production of crop production, it becomes necessary to compensate for the lack of nutrition of the plant by introducing huge doses of expensive mineral fertilizers, and this, in turn, additional labor and a significant financial investment. As a result, this leads not only to an increase in the cost of production and a decrease in the profitability of production, but also negatively affects the ecological state of the soil and the environment. In recent years, grain yields in the Republic have been ensured only by applying large doses of mineral fertilizer, but despite this, grain yields are lower than average than in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and soil fertility leaves much to be desired. Experts attribute this to the insufficient level of attention of producers to the physical, chemical and biological condition of soils, that is, it is not compensated by natural organic components but is subjected to heavy loads. Based on these facts, the conclusion is obvious that in this region, mineral fertilizers, although they are one of the main factors that increase the productivity of crop production, nevertheless they are not able to affect the fertility, resistance and environmental sustainability of the soil. Based on this, it is necessary to develop a local technology involving traditional and alternative types of organic fertilizers capable of compensating for nutrients during the growing season of the plant with maximum optimization of mineral fertilizers without compromising yield.