Use Of Educational Materials Research Articles

Culturally competent occupational therapy practice for south asians in the United States of America: A narrative review

Background: The concept of cultural competence in health care has gained significant attention in the past few decades due to increased diversity in the United States (US) population. However, studies suggested that occupational therapists in the US are not prepared for this cultural shift. Several research articles indicated that practicing clinicians are either not aware of the need for culturally competent practices or need the training to enhance knowledge on cultural competence to cater to people from South Asian backgrounds. Objectives: This study aims to understand cultural beliefs, the perception of health and illness, the meaning of occupations from the viewpoint of the South Asian clients to help explore culturally competent strategies for occupational therapy (OT) professionals in the US to ensure they provide applicable and culturally appropriate services to South Asian clients. Study Design: A narrative review. Methods: Keyword searches of databases such as PubMed and EBSCO, and the American Journal of OT were performed. The literature search identified and reviewed qualitative/quantitative studies (n = 13) and other articles/resources (n = 9) on cultural competency for South Asians in the United States of America from 2009 to 2021 in English language literature. Manual searches of other relevant journals and reference lists of primary articles were also done. Results: Analysis of the results of studies reviewed revealed three main themes, (1) role of critical thinking and self-awareness that promote or inhibit the use of culturally competent interventions, (2) prior experiences of OT practitioners with ethnically diverse communities, (3) cultural considerations such as common belief, family hierarchy, traditional medicines, and the use of educational material or therapy resources in the native language that may improve therapy outcomes for South Asian clients. Conclusion: Empowering cultural competency requires complex skills such as critical thinking, self-awareness, problem-solving, understanding the dynamics of discrimination, and understanding the service delivery systems. The background information on common behaviors, beliefs, and cultural considerations of South Asians will help devise meaningful client-centered interventions that match the social and cultural norms of South Asian clients, which can improve OT practice for this clientele in the US.

Análise dos materiais didáticos utilizados por radiologistas e residentes de radiologia brasileiros: mudança de paradigma.

Objective:To profile the use of educational materials by radiologists and radiology residents in Brazil.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study in which an electronic questionnaire was sent via email to physicians working in the field of radiology. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the profile, education, and place of work of the physicians, as well as their access to educational resources and the types of educational materials they used most.Results:The questionnaire was completed by 265 physicians. The mean age of the respondents was 38.2 years. Of the 265 respondents, 212 (80.0%) worked with ultrasound, 206 (77.7%) worked with computed tomography, 170 (64.2%) were board-certified, 166 (62.6%) were male, 174 (65.7%) worked at private facilities, and 167 (63.0%) had no academic affiliation. The mean weekly total study time was 9.6 h (median, 6 h), being higher among physicians in training, among those who worked at public facilities, and among those who worked at teaching hospitals. Regarding the device employed in order to access educational materials, there was a trend toward greater use of computers, which were employed by 65.3%. The majority of the respondents (61.9%) chose to access educational materials that were free of charge, the most common sources being websites, eBooks, and online journals.Conclusion:Electronic and digital resources are the main means of access to educational materials used by radiologists in Brazil, the most commonly used resources being web sites, eBooks, and online journals.

Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening.

Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening.

THE BALANCE BETWEEN LANGUAGE ACQUISION AND LANGUAGE LEARNING IN ELC

The article is devoted to the to the actual problem of the balanced use of English language teaching methods, some of which are considered by foreign researchers as close to the natural development of the child's language, and others are viewed as purely educational. Based on the analysis of foreign researches, the authors of the study clarified the concepts of " second language acquisition" and "second language learning", outlined their fundamental difference and importance in the process of studying English. It has been observed that some scholars prefer only methods of second language acquisition that resemble the natural process of a child's native language development. There is another vision of successful foreign language learning, whose proponents believe that when teaching a foreign language one should use both exercises that give an idea of ​​the language, and activities that resemble the natural process of language acquisition, where the first can not be ignored and plays an important role. The article suggests the examples of different approaches to the use of educational material at English language classroom. It is noted that their choice depends on the teacher, his understanding of the real language functioning in the community. T has been suggested, that wide exposure to a second language can be provided by extensive reading and listening, in particular out of ELC. This can be assisted by parents and their involvement to students’ studying. The results of a survey of students on their preferences in mastering the English language and observation of the real situation in the classroom are presented. The paper discusses the debatable nature of the problem and need for its further development is emphasized.

Outcomes from a pilot online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy program for dementia family caregivers

Objectives Psychosocial and cognitive-behavioral dementia caregiver interventions are effective, yet accessing counselor/therapist-led programs can be costly and difficult. Face-to-face therapist-led Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is highly effective in dementia caregivers, as established by two different randomized control trials. The current study evaluates a pilot ACT for Caregivers program, which is a community-based, self-guided, online adaptation of ACT. Method Participants (N = 51; M age=66.0 S. D =11.7, 80% women) completed 10 self-guided sessions teaching ACT, along with accessing an online dementia education library. Results Repeated measures ANOVA from pre-, posttest, and 4-week follow-up demonstrated decreased depressive symptoms, burden, and stress reactions to behavioral symptoms, and increased positive aspects of caregiving and quality of life. ACT-specific measures improved, with decreases in cognitive fusion and psychological inflexibility (AAQ-II), and improvements in living according to personal values (ValuingProgress increased; ValuingObstruction decreased). All outcomes were statistically significant (at p < .01) and sustained over 4-week follow-up. Although this was a non-clinical sample, the program demonstrated clinical significance, as average depressive symptoms were at the clinical cutoff at baseline, but one standard deviation below clinical cut-off at post-test and 4-week followup. Use of education materials was low (29% of participants used these, albeit rating them helpful), suggesting that ACT likely contributed more to overall improvements. Conclusion The online ACT for Caregivers pilot program offers an empirically supported translation of traditional ACT, improving accessibility, and affordability for family dementia caregivers.

Engagement With a Health Information Technology-Augmented Self-Management Support Program in a Population With Limited English Proficiency: Observational Study.

BackgroundLimited English proficiency (LEP) is an important driver of health disparities. Many successful patient-level interventions to prevent chronic disease progression and complications have used automated telephone self-management support, which relies on patient activation and communication to achieve improved health outcomes. It is not clear whether these interventions are similarly applicable to patients with LEP compared to patients with English proficiency.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To examine the impact of LEP on patient engagement (primary outcome) with a 12-month language-concordant self-management program that included automated telephone self-management support, designed for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (2) To assess the impact of LEP on change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and albuminuria (secondary outcomes) resulting from the self-management program.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Kidney Awareness Registry and Education (KARE) pilot trial (NCT01530958) which was funded by the National Institutes of Health in August 2011, approved by the University of California Institutional Review Board in October 2011 (No. 11-07399), and executed between 2013 and 2015. Multivariable logistic and linear models were used to examine various facets of patient engagement with the CKD self-management support program by LEP status. Patient engagement was defined by patient’s use of educational materials, completion of a health coaching action plan, and degree of participation with automated telephone self-management support. Changes in SBP and albuminuria at 12 months by LEP status were determined using multivariable linear mixed models.ResultsOf 137 study participants, 53 (38.7%) reported LEP, of which 45 (85%) were Spanish speaking and 8 (15%) Cantonese speaking. While patients with LEP and English proficiency similarly used the program’s educational materials (85% [17/20] vs 88% [30/34], P=.69) and completed an action plan (81% [22/27] vs 74% [35/47], P=.49), those with LEP engaged more with the automated telephone self-management support component. Average call completion was 66% among patients with LEP compared with 57% among those with English proficiency; patients with LEP requested more health coach telephone calls (P=.08) and had a significantly longer average automated call duration (3.3 [SD 1.4] min vs 2.2 [1.1 min], P<.001), indicating higher patient engagement. Patients with LEP randomized to self-management support had a larger, though nonstatistically significant (P=.74), change in SBP (–4.5 mmHg; 95% CI –9.4 to 0.3) and albuminuria (–72.4 mg/dL; 95% CI –208.9 to 64.1) compared with patients with English proficiency randomized to self-management support (–2.1 mmHg; 95% CI –8.6 to 4.3 and –11.1 mg/dL; 95% CI –166.9 to 144.7).ConclusionsPatients with LEP with CKD were equally or more engaged with a language-concordant, culturally appropriate telehealth intervention compared with their English-speaking counterparts. Augmented telehealth may be useful in mitigating communication barriers among patients with LEP.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530958; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01530958

The Use of Outside Educational Materials in Mathematics and Science: Teachers’ Conceptions

The research for teachers’ conceptions of the outside educational materials, that they discover and use, is very limited. In addition, there is also particularly limited research comparing teachers’ conceptions of the use of educational materials on the basis of the subject they teach. The present paper aims at investigating and comparing primary school teachers’ conceptions of the use of outside educational materials in mathematics and science teaching. For the purposes of this research, an electronic questionnaire was developed and completed by 212 primary school teachers in Greece. Data analysis traced primary school teachers’ conceptions of whether they use outside educational materials and, if they do, how frequently and in what way they use them, what motivates the teachers to discover outside educational materials and where they discover them, as well as the reasons why they might not use outside educational materials. Furthermore, the differences among teachers’ conceptions of the above issues were detected on the basis of the subject they teach (mathematics, science).

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Telephone-Based Intervention for Hispanic Children to Promote Treatment Adherence After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based education and navigation program for Hispanic parents of children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Level I trauma hospital and pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit in the Northwestern United States. Fourteen Hispanic parent-child dyads. Parents were 85% female, with a mean age of 35 years. Children were 58% male, with a mean age of 9.7 years, and had been hospitalized for complicated mild/moderate (n = 5) or severe (n = 9) TBI. Pilot prospective cohort design. Feasibility measures include recruitment, retention, and intervention adherence rates. Acceptability of intervention was measured by parents' use of educational materials and satisfaction with navigation program. We also evaluated study processes, including completion of baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months functional assessments of the child; assessment of parental health literacy and self-efficacy; and adherence to follow-up rehabilitation appointments. Eighty-two percent of approached potential participants were recruited into the study. One hundred percent of participants completed the intervention, and 85% had 1-year follow-up. Intervention acceptability was high: 90% reported satisfaction with navigator, and 92% used the educational manual. Assessments demonstrated significant improvement in parents' TBI caregiving and community self-efficacy; 92% attendance to follow-up rehabilitation appointments; and improvement in the child's functional measures, except communication skills. Findings support feasibility and acceptability of a culturally relevant program to facilitate transitions of care for Hispanic children with TBI. A future randomized trial is warranted to determine the efficacy of the intervention on long-term treatment adherence and the child's post-TBI function.

Shared Decision-Making for Lung Cancer Screening: How Well Are We “Sharing”?

Lung cancer screening (LCS) reduces lung cancer mortality, but it also carries a range of risks. Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process of engaging patients in their health care decisions and is a vital component of LCS. What is the quality of SDM among patients recently assessed for LCS? Cross-sectional study of screened patients recruited from two academic tertiary care centers in the South Central Region of the United States. Self-reported surveys assessed patient demographics, values related to outcomes of LCS, knowledge, SDM components including receipt of educational materials, and decisional conflict. Recently screened patients (n= 266) possessed varied LCS knowledge, answering an average of 41.4%of questions correctly. Patients valued finding cancer early over concerns about harms. Patients indicated that LCS benefits were presented to them by a health care provider far more often than harms (68.3%vs20.8%, respectively), and 30.7%reported they received educational materials about LCS during the screening process. One-third of patients had some decisional conflict (33.6%) related to their screening decisions, whereas most patients (86.6%) noted that they were involved in the screening decision as much as they wanted. In multivariate models, non-White race and having less education were related to lower knowledge scores. Non-White patients and former smokers were more likely to be conflicted about the screening decision. Most patients (n= 227 [85.3%]) indicated that a health care provider had discussed smoking cessation or abstinence with them. Among recently screened patients, the quality of decision-making about LCS is highly variable. The low use of educational materials including decision aids and imbalance of conveying benefit vsrisk information to patients is concerning. A structured approach using decision aids may assist with providing a balanced presentation of information and may improve the quality of SDM.

Конструирование учебного курса лингвокраеведческой направленности для иностранных слушателей краткосрочных курсов русского языка

The research objective includes developing a course of linguistic and local history orientation for teaching Russian as a foreign language at short-term courses in natural linguistic environment on the basis of the communicative and activity approach. The article describes practical experience of creation and approbation of a course of linguistic and local history orientation for foreign students at short-term courses of Russian as a foreign language. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the authors introduce new methodology to create a course of linguistic and local history orientation for foreign students studying Russian as a foreign language, taking into account the communicative and activity approach; results of an experimental approbation indicate that the course helps foreign students to adapt quickly to the Russian language environment and promotes formation of their communicative competence. The research findings are as follows: the authors show how the use of educational material containing linguistic and local history information promotes formation of students’ communicative competence; the paper presents a course of linguistic and local history orientation for foreign students at short-term courses of Russian as a foreign language, justifies efficiency of the course in promoting foreign students’ sociocultural adaptation in the Russian language environment and in forming their communicative competence.

Exploring the use of educational materials for increasing participation in a stretching program: a quality improvement project in people with motor neuron disease

Decreased range of motion is a common secondary complication of motor neuron disease (MND) that can contribute to functional decline and decreased participation in daily activities. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the effectiveness of educational brochures and videos aimed at improving knowledge regarding the importance of a regular stretching program. This was a quality improvement (QI) project. Participants were seen in an outpatient multidisciplinary neuromuscular clinic. Individuals with motor neuron disease were invited to participate in this QI study. Individuals were asked to complete surveys asking questions regarding current stretching program, pain levels, and knowledge of benefits of stretching before and after receiving the stretching brochures or videos. A total of 53 participants completed the pre-intervention survey, 28 in the brochure group and 25 in the video group. Of those, 86% and 88% completed the post-intervention survey in the brochure and video groups, respectively. The video group increased stretching frequency significantly more than the brochure group (2.04 and 0.62 days/week respectively, P=0.004). Significantly more participants in the video group reported usage of stretches from the educational materials on a regular basis (54% for brochure group and 86% for video group, P=0.024). Educational brochures and videos are two different strategies to improve knowledge of benefits of stretching for individuals with MND. Both groups increased frequency of stretching. Videos may be better able to improve frequency of stretching when compared to brochures. The brochures and videos developed for this study can be used by clinicians treating individuals with MND. By improving knowledge regarding the benefits of stretching, individuals with MND may choose to prioritize stretching as a part of their routine. This in turn may help to prevent or address potential joint or muscle length issues or assist patients to incorporate preventative measures into their treatment plans.

Multidisciplinary, patient-centred approach to improving compliance with venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in a district general hospital

Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) accounts for an estimated 25 000 preventable deaths per annum in the UK and is associated with significant healthcare costs. The National Institute for Health and...

The Impact of Health Care Education on Utilization Among Adolescents Preparing for Emancipation From Foster Care

PurposeAs teens in foster care prepare for emancipation, health care navigation is often overlooked, as caseworkers address other social needs. This study examined the impact of health care education materials designed for foster youth, called ICare2CHECK. It was hypothesized that ICare2CHECK would increase nonurgent ambulatory health care use and decrease emergency/urgent care use. MethodsAdolescents (N = 151; aged 16–22 years) were enrolled in ICare2CHECK and received health education materials at their baseline study visit. Surveys were repeated every 3 months to assess health care utilization. After 12 months of enrollment, health care data for all eligible youth and matched comparison youth (N = 151) over the previous 24 months were extracted from the electronic health record (N = 302). Electronic health record data were coded as counts of completed nonurgent ambulatory care encounters (i.e., primary and preventative care and specialty care), completed urgent or emergency encounters (i.e., urgent and emergency department visits and hospitalizations), completed foster care clinic visits, and total completed visits. ResultsHealth care use significantly decreased over time for both enrolled and comparison youth. Females, youth engaging in health risk behaviors, and those with a mental health or chronic condition diagnosis used significantly more health care. Receipt of educational materials was associated with a smaller decline in health care use and nonurgent ambulatory care use, controlling for covariates. Self-reported use of educational materials was associated with increased utilization in the enrolled condition. ConclusionsResults suggest that ICare2CHECK is associated with increased engagement in health care generally and nonurgent ambulatory care specifically (e.g., outpatient primary and specialty care).

Современные возможности симуляционного обучения в медицине

The study discusses the purpose, tasks and main directions of simulation education in modern medical universities. We formulated the main directions of simulation training in modern conditions and gave a brief description of the possibilities of dummies and the simulation center itself: theoretical and practical training, simulation trainings, use of educational materials, debriefing, master classes, seminars and lectures, competitions and Olympiads, use of feedback devices, questionnaires, etc. We briefly described each learning method with advantages and existing disadvantages and paid attention to the training of the population in first aid skills. In conclusion, we presented the key advantages and disadvantages of simulation training: legislative regulation, cost of purchase of equipment and its maintenance, a wide range of competences of the teacher in terms of preparation for classes and adjustment of phantom, the need for programmers, engineers and laboratory technicians, issues of selection of the appropriate dummy among the line of domestic and foreign products. For each problem, we proposed ways to overcome it, as well as recommended various methods of training in simulation centers. The study will be useful for students and teachers of medical universities, as well as for doctors undergoing postgraduate training.

Comparison of qualitative and quantitative alterations caused by use of various fixatives in the myocardium

In the field of anatomy, preservation techniques used to preserve the integrity of specimens prepared for use as educational and research material are very ancient. It is desirable that these materials be as close as possible to the characteristics of living animal tissues in order to be an effective educational material. One of the most important criteria in determining similarity to fresh cadavers is the color and odor changes in the tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the anatomical and physiological changes on myocardial tissue, fixed by 4 different solutions in which qualitative and quantitative methods such as color analysis, sensory analysis, and microbiological tests. As a result, it was determined that a newly developed enriched saline solution and low concentration formaldehyde solution can be used safely for the preparation, preserve and long term use of educational materials.

Patient self-care with double catheter lumen for hemodialization: validation of instructional folder

The use of venous catheters for hemodialysis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. The implant of the dual lumen catheter (DLC) assists the patient in a worsening situation but commonly the patient remains with the DLC back home and this requires a series of important measures. The use of printed educational materials becomes an important tool to assist this type of care. Thus, the objective was to create and validate an instructive folder for the self-care of the patient using a catheter for hemodialysis. It is a methodological study of creation and evaluation of technology, in three stages. For validation of the content and style the material was submitted to the evaluation by experts in the area. 92.3% of the participants stated that the folder demonstrates clarity in their language, 53.8% of the participants suggested change and addition of information, and the same percentage also states that the instrument is attractive. The main suggestions were to change some term/word used in the folder, suggest changes to the images used, and include some information in the content. It is presumed then that the use of educational materials results in benefits to the patients who will receive the guidelines for self-care. Thus, the importance of nurses to use these resources for chronic renal patient care is emphasized.

Patient-Centered Educational Resources for Atrial Fibrillation.

Education has long been recognized as an important component of chronic condition management. Whereas education has been evaluated in atrial fibrillation (AF) populations as part of multifaceted interventions, it has never been tested as a single entity. The aim of this review is to describe the rationale for and role of education as part of comprehensive AF management. The development and use of educational material as part of the intervention of a randomized controlled trial, the HELP-AF (Home-Based Education and Learning Program in AF) study, will be described. This study was designed to determine the impact of a home-based structured educational program on outcomes in individuals with AF. An educational resource was developed to facilitate delivery of 4 key messages targeted at empowering individuals to self-manage their condition. The key messages focused on strategies for managing future AF episodes, the role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of AF, the appropriate use of medicines to manage stroke risk and the role of cardiovascular risk factor management in AF. To support structured educational visiting, an educational booklet titled Living Well With Atrial Fibrillation (AF) was developed by a multidisciplinary team and was further refined following input from expert clinicians and patient interviews. Using a structured educational visiting approach, education was delivered by trained clinicians within the patient's home.

COMUNICAÇÃO E RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS ESTABELECIDAS ENTRE PAIS ADOECIDOS PELO CÂNCER E SEUS FILHOS

Objetivos: identificar os fatores intervenientes nas relações interpessoais e no processo de comunicação entre pais com câncer e seus filhos, relativos ao processo de adoecimento e descrever as estratégias favorecedoras.Método: revisão integrativa, 25 artigos selecionados, entre 2007 e 2017. Utilizou-se a estratégia de seleção: Patient, Intervention, Comparison e Outcomes para responder as questões norteadoras.Resultados: a funcionalidade da estrutura familiar, bem como as atitudes no adoecimento influenciam a comunicação dos pais com câncer e seus filhos. Na perspectiva dos profissionais, há falta de preparo para estes auxiliarem a família. Quando estratégias são empreendidas, os resultados geram impacto positivo.Conclusão: a qualidade e efetividade da comunicação e das relações interpessoais são alcançadas com uma comunicação efetiva, direcionada e individualizada, amparada por equipe multidisciplinar preparada e articulada para auxiliar tanto os pais como seus filhos, além de estratégias presenciais, individuais e em grupo, bem como o uso de materiais educativos.

Development of critical thinking of master’s degree students using STEM cases

Introduction. Today, a modern state needs people capable to regular intensive implementation of innovative activity in order to keep competitiveness in a dynamically changing world that is undergoing a significant increase in the amount of new information and its fast obsolescence. The need of modern economy for innovators inevitably leads to the shift of priorities in education from memorising and reproducing of a specified amount of knowledge to the development of students’ independent thinking, which, accordingly, requires teachers’ certain qualities and critical mentality. The aim of the research was to identify the components of critical thinking important for innovative activity and search for the ways of development of these components in young teachers, entering a master’s programme Modern Natural Science. Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the methods of the analysis and synthesis of scientific and scientific-methodological publications devoted to the development of higher order thinking skills and the concept of STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) were employed. The assessment of the level of students’ thinking and its changes was carried out through diagnostic tasks and empirical observation of educational and project-based activity of undergraduates and school students. Results and scientific novelty. The key components of critical thinking for the implementation and realisation of innovative activities were identified: creative, rational, logical, reflexive and metacognitive. To assess the development of components, a set of problem-situational tasks (STEM cases) was developed. Diagnostic tools were introduced to measure the level of critical thinking skills formation. The authors described the methodology for working with STEM cases through the example of the development and presentation of hybrid technology of lifting the sunken ship with a damaged hull, based on the students’ understanding of characteristics of the aggregate state of water. The results of approbation of the presented methodology used in small groups at various educational levels prove that its implementation contributes to the development of critical thinking in students, if the plots of cues are based on real problems of science and technology, and the solution requires contextual use of educational material, building a mathematical model, generating rational ideas of new or improved technologies. Practical significance. The research demonstrates the possibilities of acquisition by students of higher order thinking skills within the studied academic disciplines in the natural-science cycle without introduction of a special course in educational programmes.

Features of statement of the ownership and control on online-practice at the university

Introduction. Since the announcement of adherence by leading world universities of the policy of open access to educational materials as a key issue within the scientific field, for years running, there remains a policy of ownership and control of online practice at universities. That is why the issue of fair use of educational materials and intellectual property on the content of the courses has become a subject for discussion. Methods. Methods of cognition are used in the process of writing the article, namely: methods of analysis, synthesis, concretization,which made it possible to investigate the cases in which universities can claim the ownership of the teaching materials of their employees; the method of scientific abstraction – to reveal the peculiarities of the cooperation of universities with online providers; the observation method has helped determine the conditions for using open licensed resources, such as GNU Lesser General Public Icense (LGPL) or Creative Commons (CC); logical and graphic structuring – used to visualize the results; generalization method – to form the conclusions of the study. Results. The paper investigates the cases in which universities can claim the ownership of the teaching materials of their employees, reveals the peculiarities of university co-operation with online service providers, and defines the conditions for using open licensed resources such as GNU Lesser General Public icense (LGPL) or Creative Commons (CC). A model is proposed that describes the process of transferring and retaining intellectual property rights. Discusion. The prospects for further research should be linked to a more detailed study of issues such as mass-exposed online courses that could threaten the intellectual property of professors. Keywords: intellectual property, copyright, sublicense, online course, licensed software.