Urban Passenger Transport System Research Articles

Optimization of the structure of rolling stock of urban passenger transport

This article examines the problems related to the operation of urban passenger transportation system in the field of defining the structure of the rolling stock, the analysis of existing methods of identification of the number and capacity of the urban vehicles has been conducted. The paper focuses on the results of experimental research of passenger flows and roominess, volumetric capability of a variety of transport means (public transportation minibuses) in the district municipalities of the Russian Federation. Furthermore, taking into account these results, differences and variety of these vehicle makes and models, the measures and activities have been suggested, aimed at improving the methods of selection of urban passenger transport rolling stock.

THE CONCEPT OF OFF-STREET TRANSPORT AND ITS ROLE IN TERRITORIAL SYSTEMS

The development of agglomerations is connected with the solution of issues of the allocation of territorial zones and ensuring their transport accessibility. The goal of the article is to determine the place of suburban-urban railway transport in the system of urban passenger transport from the point of view of geography. The object of the study was off-street transport of agglomerations. In the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: a classification of public transport was carried out, factors determining the possibility of using various types of transport were identified and their ranking was performed. The analysis of modern scientific literature and normative acts has revealed contradictions between the concept of “off-street” adopted in the legislation and the established tradition of applying this term to railway transport. The following factors of the efficiency of off-street transport were identified: increasing the speed of correspondence, ensuring the coherence of other modes of transport, servicing the entire territory of the agglomeration.

Life-Cycle Assessment of Brazilian Transport Biofuel and Electrification Pathways

Biofuels and electrification are potential ways to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector, although not without limitations or associated problems. This paper describes a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the Brazilian urban passenger transport system. The LCA considers various scenarios of a wholesale conversion of car and urban bus fleets to 100% electric or biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) use by 2050 compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario. The LCA includes the following phases of vehicles and their life: fuel use and manufacturing (including electricity generation and land-use emissions), vehicle and battery manufacturing and end of life. The results are presented in terms of CO2, nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, electricity consumption and the land required to grow the requisite biofuel feedstocks. Biofuels result in similar or higher CO2 and air pollutant emissions than BAU, while electrification resulted in significantly lower emissions of all types. Possible limitations found include the amount of electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the electrification scenarios.

Optimization of work of urban passenger transport

Recommendations for improving the organization of the logistics system of urban passenger traffic based on the formation of adaptive properties proposed. Definitions of organization and lack of organization of the system, target entropy, orderliness, disorder are considered. The calculation of these indicators allows us to conclude how the company is adapted to the external environment. An important feature of all production systems is the focus of their functioning. If such a system is functioning, it means, first of all, that it solves a finite set of tasks to ensure the adaptability of the urban passenger traffic management system to the flow of passengers and with a certain accuracy the goals of organization and management, of which there is also a finite set. The authors come to a fair conclusion that the lack of organization of functioning is a consequence of the influence of the external environment on the control object, while organization is a quantitative measure of the ability of the system to adapt to the effects of environmental factors. The indicator of organization can be proposed as a criterion that assesses the efficiency of the urban passenger transport system. The worse the internal structures are organized, the less efficiently the control system works and the more mobile and uncertain the external environment, the greater the discrepancy between the goal and the final result.

Expediency of modification of city transport system by implementation of passenger water transport

The object of research is the integration of local passenger water transport in the transport system of the city. Among a number of problematic issues, one can single out the unpreparedness of the urban transport infrastructure for the implementation of water transport for the transport of passengers, although this type of transport is an important component of intercity and suburban passenger transport in world megacities located on water arteries.Water transport is characterized and passenger water transport in Ukraine is analyzed. The definition of «transport system» as a whole and separately in part of urban passenger traffic is investigated. The components of the transport system of the city are determined.The structure of the city transport system in Kyiv (Ukraine) is investigated and supplemented with its new subsystem in the element «city passenger transport» – local passenger water transport. Such a structural change makes it possible to qualitatively improve the existing transport supply of cities with water areas, and to offer local residents an alternative mode of transport. Implementation of a new type of urban passenger transport in the transport system of the city requires its detailed study. Therefore, this type of transport is structured, its classification is provided, the concept of «local passenger water transport» and its types are formulated: Water Bus and Water Taxi, which allows to offer them for further use in the scientific environment, in relation to local passenger water transport.As part of the research, it is proposed to identify elements of local passenger water transport, namely: passengers, transport, local passenger transport enterprises, regulatory entities, and local authorities. Each of the elements is proposed to be structured by type.Thanks to this, a modified scheme of the system of urban passenger transport is developed, which provides the basis for the harmonious implementation of this type of transport. The implementation of the proposed changes is justified by the socio-economic significance of this type of transport and the necessary qualitative structural changes in the urban transport system.

ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF THE CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT FUNCTIONING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CITIES

Introduction. The paper deals with the results of the reliability of urban public passenger transport routes. One of the main objectives is to consider the indicators for assessing the reliability of the urban passenger transport system, which have not yet been used in Russian practice. The peculiarity of these indicators is that the initial information can be obtained on the basis of modern bus equipment (GLONASS/GPS). The possibility of using these indicators, as well as the development of scales of reliability levels at the moment is an important scientific problem.Materials and methods. The authors proposed modern indicators for assessing the reliability of urban passenger transport routes, such as the time index and the associated buffer time indicator. The authors used the methods of mathematical statistics to process the data on the duration of bus traffic.Results. The authors obtained the reliability characteristics of urban passenger routes. Moreover, the paper presented the comparison of the reliability values on the example of Irkutsk and Angarsk.Discussion and conclusions. The authors reveal the range of values of the time and buffer indices based on the data of route networks of two different cities. Therefore, the authors offer the estimation scale of the reliability levels on routes.

China's new regulatory regime tailored for the sharing economy: The case of Uber under Chinese local government regulation in comparison to the EU, US, and the UK

Although Uber's arrival in China has resulted in disruptive competition for incumbent taxi companies, it offers an attractive alternative in China's supply-demand-imbalanced urban passenger transport system. China's regulatory regime for Uber has evolved in three stages: from the regulatory vacuum prior to 2015 to its official legalization in 2015–2016, and the enactment of numerous local regulations in 2016, with specific and more demanding requirements for Uber. This policy is a part of the Chinese approach to the gradual liberalization of the urban passenger transport market. Policymakers should consider ‘fair competition’ as the guiding principle to balance the interests of sharing firms and incumbent service providers, as well as between different sharing firms. The core value of this principle lies in the benefits it provides for consumers and the way it engenders a pro-competitive market environment. The labor protection arrangements for sharing firms’ laborers should be more flexible and diversified. In order to recognize whether an Uber-Driver is an employee or independent contractor, a new standard taking into account a range of factors should be established through collective negotiations between the participants of the sharing economy, and dialogues between members of the judiciary, academics, and the policymakers. Further, consumer protection law and personal data protection provisions should apply when sharing firms misuse their distinctive algorithmic management model to compete unfairly to the detriment of consumers and other users. Ex ante regulatory measures designed to protect the personal data of users should be introduced for deployment in the context of the sharing economy. When enforcing these rules, a balance should be struck ensuring free data flow that is essential to sharing firms’ innovation and competition, and the need to ensure the level of data security required to underpin a well-functioning sharing society.

ВЫБОР МЕСТ РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ПЕРЕСАДОЧНЫХ УЗЛОВ СЕТИ ГОРОДСКОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

ВЫБОР МЕСТ РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ПЕРЕСАДОЧНЫХ УЗЛОВ СЕТИ ГОРОДСКОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

Economic and Mathematical Modeling of the Quality of Services Provided by the Urban Passenger Transport Infrastructure Us-ing Nonfinancial Indicators

The article reviews the issues of justifying the expediency of using financial indicators to assess the quality of passenger transportation and identification of the main factors that influence the quality of transportation. An economic and mathematical model of the passenger transportation quality using nonfinancial indicators was developed in the study.It was proposed to use a mathematical toolkit of the theory of queuing systems (QS) to study the operation of the route of the urban passenger transport system (UPTS).

The analysis of urban taxi carpooling impact from taxi GPS data

Taxi is an important part of urban passenger transportation system. The research and analysis of taxi trip behavior is the key to meet the demand of urban passenger transport and solve the traffic congestion problem. Based on the GPS data of taxis in Nanjing, the statistical method is used to analyze the taxi characteristics of the average number of passengers, the average passenger time, the no-load distance and the passenger distance. By using the double logarithmic coordinate, the trip distance and trip time of taxi passengers are analyzed, it is found that the average trip distance of taxi passengers is mainly concentrated in 3-20km, and the average trip time of taxi passengers is mainly concentrated in 10-30 minutes. Using the information entropy theory to construct the equilibrium model of taxi passenger-carrying point, and analyze the spatial distribution of taxi, it is found that the distribution of urban taxi is unbalanced. The peak clustering algorithm is used to determine the location of passenger gathering points, and the hot spot of taxi trip is analyzed, it is found that the hot spots of taxi trip are mainly concentrated in the central city of Nanjing. Combined with the results of urban taxi trip analysis, from the perspective of taxi and passenger, we found that the number of urban taxis, the passenger carrying rate of taxis, the duration period of passenger trip, the duration and distance of passenger trip and the location of passenger trip points will have an impact on the urban taxi carpooling in Nanjing. By using the probability model of urban taxi carpooling, this paper discusses and analyzes the influence of these factors on urban taxi carpooling. The research in this paper can provide a reference for the effective implementation of urban taxi carpooling policy.

ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERS’ SATISFACTION USING QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT: BELGRADE CASE STUDY

This paper presents a case study using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to identify urban public transport users’ needs and requests and to improve service quality in urban public passenger transport in Belgrade. In order to determine users’ satisfaction, a direct interview – survey a sample of 15000 of urban public passenger transport system users, according to the defined questionnaire has been performed. Results of these interviews are used as input in the first stage of QFD method. An overall unit of eight features and a total of 48 sub-features were defined, which describes all aspects of quality of system and services in urban public passenger transport. The results show that for maximizing effects of quality of service improvement and satisfying customers’ requirements, the public transport service providers and managers in Belgrade should focus primarily on the service reliability and vehicle elements. The two most important quality of service sub-features in urban public passenger transport system in Belgrade based on frequency of statements of users was regularity with 4896 (32.64%) and vehicle comfort (not crowded vehicles) with 3446 (22.97%) statements. Based on the service features analysis within the house of quality, it was defined that the biggest influence is generated through system functioning parameters (reliability): frequency with relative importance 22.0%, staff (drivers) with relative importance 14.0% and headway with relative importance 13.0%. Based on absolute importance the greatest importance should be assigned to vehicle frequency – rank 1, staff (drivers) – rank 2 and headway – rank 3.

Development of a polyfunctional structure of transport hubs in Smart City

The development of the of transport hubs system, as a part of the urban passenger transport system, is one of the most important areas of urban development in large cities. Without observing these principles, the development of new kinds of cities – Smart Cities – is impossible. In this article the question of formation of a polyfunctional structure of transport hubs is considered. The issue of allocation of building volumes for various functional purposes within the hub is included in a range of topical problems of urban development. In the study presented by this article, a factor stochastic analysis was used. The relationship between various independent factors determining the operation of the transport hub, as well as the indices of the volume of development of various functional purposes, placed in the structure of the hub, was investigated. The analysis was carried out in order to reduce the number of factors considered and identify the most significant ones. All of the considered indicators are measurable on a metric level. The present study is the stage of a correlation-regression analysis. In the future, it is planned to supplement this study by analyzing the factors measured (allocated) at a qualitative level with the purpose of scientific and methodological justification of the formation of transport hubs in Smart City.

APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHM OF OPTIMIZATION DURING THE PROCESS OF URBAN PASSENGER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

The paper proposes a generalized logistic model of the urban passenger transportation system, and on its basis, there has been developed a modified model that allows for determining a set of organizational and economic indicators in each state of a system. To solve the optimization problem of the transportation process system under conditions of dynamically changing passenger traffic flows, there has been justified searching for a balance between the effectiveness and quality of solutions due to the «survival of the strongest alternative solutions» y to earn system of operational control buses on the route. There has been proven the advantage of using genetic algorithm to optimize the processes of organizing and managing the system of urban passenger transport with the aim of maximizing the profits of an enterprise at minimal cost.

Management of quality and security level of transportation in the system of regular passenger motor transport

Abstract The article substantiates quality indices with regard to road passenger transportation, based on the regulatory and technical documents and experts’ evaluation. The quantitative assessment of transportation quality indices is given on the basis of ranked answers of passengers to questionnaire questions (in percentage), and the value of the integrated index of rod passenger transportation is determined on the example of Ulyanovsk. Actions within the framework of the program for the enhancement of the urban road passenger transportation system safety are described including measures for improvement of the public transport traffic organization and safety.

Methods of Establishing and Implementing the Optimal Fares for Passenger Transport

Issues and problems of organization and management of urban passenger transport systems have always been the main research subject for many scientists. Managing the transportation of passengers is particularly connected with the issues of tariff setting for urban passenger transport routes, improving distribution circuits of transport and related financial flows, determining fare exposure patterns on the performance measure of urban passenger transport systems. Raised and resolved tasks in the scientific work are essential for resolution to the issues related to the organization and management of urban passenger transport systems. The approaches are of particular interest in practical and theoretical parts in the organization and management of urban passenger management systems through fares mechanisms and distribution of transport work.

Solving the Problem of the Route Modeling of the Urban Passenger Transport System with Considering Quality of Passenger Service and Technological Impact on Environment

Solving the problem of simulation of the process of functioning of a route of urban passenger transport system is under consideration. Characteristics of the bus passenger route of Kiev were taken as computation source.

Assessing Urban Transport Systems Through the Lens of Individual Behavior: Shenzhen and Hong Kong

This study aims to understand the existing urban passenger transport system in Hong and Shenzhen from the perspective of human travel behavior, examining closely what policy and individual factors influence individual travel behavior in the two cities. The research is based on comparisons drawn from household and individual travel surveys conducted in Shenzhen in 2014 and in Hong Kong in 2002 and 2011. Hong Kong operates a more efficient urban passenger transport system than Shenzhen in terms of prioritizing use of public transport and restricting the use of cars. However, due to lack of strong government leadership, Hong Kong lags behind Shenzhen in promoting EVs. Both cities have had little success promoting nonmotorized transportation because of the greater appeal of alternative transportation modes.

OPTIMIZATION OF AN URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM ON THE CONDITION OF DIFFERENT GOALS OF MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES, OPERATORS AND PASSENGERS

A control system of urban passenger transport is considered. The system participants are a passenger flow, a transport operator and municipal authorities. The participants’ strategies include a travel mode choice, a frequency of public transport service, and a road capacity. Objective functions are transport costs, public transport profit, road costs, and travel time. The passenger flow heterogeneity is based on the value of time that has an exponential distribution. The total costs of passenger flow depend on the probability of the travel mode choice. The dependence between travel time, roads capacity, and traffic is based on Greenshields model. The authorities’ objective consists of travel time and road costs, which can be changed by the road capacity. The game theoretic approach is applied to describe the control system. The existence of Nash equilibrium for coalition-free games for two (the passenger flow and the authorities and three (with addition of public transport) players is proved. The characteristics of urban passenger transport were studied based on a numerical example.

A Critical Review of New Mobility Services for Urban Transport

The growing pressure on urban passenger transport systems has increased the demand for new and innovative solutions to increase its efficiency. One approach to tackle this challenge has been the slow but steady shift towards shared mobility services (car-, bike-sharing etc.). Building on these new modes and the developments in information and communication technologies, the concept of “Mobility as a Service” (MaaS) has recently come to light and offers convenient door-to-door transport without the need to own a private vehicle. The term Mobility as a Service (MaaS) stands for buying mobility services based on consumer needs instead of buying the means of mobility. In recent years, various MaaS schemes have been arisen around the world. The objective of this paper is to review these newly existing mobility services and develop an index to evaluate the level of mobility integration for each based on the assumption that higher level of integration is more appealing to travellers. The review presented in this paper allows a comparison among the schemes and provides the background and the key points of MaaS systems that the research community could use for designing surveys. It also provides significant insights to transport operators and authorities on the elements they should take into account to apply an attractive MaaS scheme that could effectively shift demand away from private vehicles.

Definition of usefulness of public passenger transport system

The analysis of the causal factors of the usefulness of public passenger transport system is conducted. The result of research is the mathematical model of usefulness of transport process of urban passenger transport. In general utility determines transport mobility, mobility that realized in transport, including urban passenger transport. Rational coefficient of dynamic use of vehicles depending on the parameters of urban passenger transport system is determined