Urban Passenger Transport System Research Articles

A Critical Review of New Mobility Services for Urban Transport

The growing pressure on urban passenger transport systems has increased the demand for new and innovative solutions to increase its efficiency. One approach to tackle this challenge has been the slow but steady shift towards shared mobility services (car-, bike-sharing etc.). Building on these new modes and the developments in information and communication technologies, the concept of “Mobility as a Service” (MaaS) has recently come to light and offers convenient door-to-door transport without the need to own a private vehicle. The term Mobility as a Service (MaaS) stands for buying mobility services based on consumer needs instead of buying the means of mobility. In recent years, various MaaS schemes have been arisen around the world. The objective of this paper is to review these newly existing mobility services and develop an index to evaluate the level of mobility integration for each based on the assumption that higher level of integration is more appealing to travellers. The review presented in this paper allows a comparison among the schemes and provides the background and the key points of MaaS systems that the research community could use for designing surveys. It also provides significant insights to transport operators and authorities on the elements they should take into account to apply an attractive MaaS scheme that could effectively shift demand away from private vehicles.

Definition of usefulness of public passenger transport system

The analysis of the causal factors of the usefulness of public passenger transport system is conducted. The result of research is the mathematical model of usefulness of transport process of urban passenger transport. In general utility determines transport mobility, mobility that realized in transport, including urban passenger transport. Rational coefficient of dynamic use of vehicles depending on the parameters of urban passenger transport system is determined

Прогнозирование распределения пассажирских корреспонденций по участкам маршрутной сети

We present an iterative algorithm for the calculation of predicted values of the urban transport route network sections traffic. This algorithm is designed for use in automated design systems of urban passenger transport systems and based on accounting for the influence of the actual waiting time of a passenger at a bus stop point on the probability of choice of route alternative sets. Using this approach allows to increase the accuracy of the forecast for 5–10 %.

Balancing mobility and CO2 reduction by a mode share scheme: a comparison of Los Angeles and Seoul metropolitan areas

Planning approaches towards the promotion of public transit are widely discussed among planners and policy-makers to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from automobiles and light-duty trucks. However, one of significant side effects created by these approaches is decreased mobility. Since mobility is the critical foundation for the economic development of cities, it is important to balance the level of regional mobility and GHG reduction achieved by a mode share scheme. Using the Cobb–Douglas functions, this paper attempts to identify the best mode share scheme for an urban passenger transportation system to achieve the maximum reduction of GHG emissions, while maintaining the current carrying capacity of the public transit system and regional mobility in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area (LAMA) and the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). This paper identifies that both metropolitan areas can reduce CO2 emissions by the best public transit mode share. However, it suggests that the CO2 reductions achieved by the mode share adjustment of the areas are noticeably different, indicating that LAMA and SMA can reduce 3.5% and 20.6% of their current CO2 emissions through the adjustment of mode share, respectively. This paper concludes that a sprawled, automobile-oriented city like Los Angeles can achieve limited CO2 emission reductions by adjusting public transit mode share, compared to Seoul, which is a dense, compact city.

Comparative analysis of passenger transport sustainability in European cities

Sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – has become a major concern on an international scale. The problem is global, but must be solved locally. Most of the world’s population lives in cities that act as centres of economic growth and productivity, but which – if they develop in the wrong direction – can cause social inequalities, or irreversibly harm the environment. Urban transport causes a number of negative impacts that can affect sustainability targets. The objective of this study is to propose an analysis of sustainability of urban passenger transport systems based on available indicators in most cities. This will serve to benchmark the practices of different cities and manage their transport systems. This work involves the creation of composite indicators (CI) to measure the sustainability of urban passenger transport systems. The methodology is applied to 23 European cities. The indicators are based on a benchmarking approach, and the evaluation of each aspect in each case therefore depends on the performance of the whole sample. The CI enabled us to identify which characteristics have the greatest influence on the sustainability of a city’s transport system, and to establish transport policies that could potentially improve its shortcomings. Finally, the cities are clustered according to the values obtained from the CIs, and thus according to the weaknesses and strengths of their transport systems.

Multi-criteria approaches for urban passenger transport systems: a literature review

Megacities around the world are highly concerned about the impacts of urban transportation. The rapid urbanization and motorization in megacities have a direct impact on sustainable development. Hence, it is very frequently to find the multiple actors from both private and public sectors involved in the design and operation of urban passenger transportation systems to make decisions that seek at optimizing their own particular objectives. However, urban passenger transport system is a very complex task involving multiple criteria related to economic, environmental and socio-political issues. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques actually aid the decision making process by assessing such problems. This paper presents a review of research papers published between 1982 and 2014 (up to May) concerning MCDM for the design and operation of urban passenger transport systems. From the analysis over more than 30 years, the current paper highlights the importance of taking into account the multiplicity of actors and their own decision criteria, as well as the resolution technique. Finally, some suggestions for future research are discussed.

Evaluation Index System of Urban Rail and Bus Transfer Integration

Integration is not only the main content of development of urban passenger transport system, but also the urgent need to raise the level of public transport services and enhance the attractiveness of public transport. Thus coordination of urban rail transit and conventional bus transit systems is an inherent requirement of implementation of public transport priority development strategy. In the context of rapid development of rail transit in domestic cities, after summarizing the theory and practice of integration of urban rail and conventional bus transit, this paper analyzed the meanings and levels as well as the evaluation method of coordination between urban rail system and conventional bus system. On the basis of analysis, the evaluation indexes of coordination between urban rail system and bus system from institutional, technological and economic views are defined. After that, an evaluation index system of integration level of urban rail network and conventional bus network was set up.

Study on Regional Development of Urban Public Transportation and Management Strategies

As a rapid growth developing country with the vast area, the level of economic growth and city size in China is inconsistent in each administrative region. Therefore, it is an important issue to analyze the development status of the various administrative areas of urban public transportation, in order to compare their development and management patterns. In this article, the regional development of urban public passenger transportation system will be studied through statistical analysis, and then management measures will be proposed based on the comparative analysis.

Analyses of technical options for mitigating CO<SUB align=right>2 emissions from an urban transport system: a case study of Beijing City

This paper aims to extrapolate the energy consumption and environmental emissions data on the urban passenger transport system in Beijing, to assess the cost-effectiveness and emission reduction potential of promising technology options for transport systems, and to identify options with both reduction potential and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, it identifies major barriers to the adoption of such options in Beijing. The long-range Energy Alternatives Planning model, the least-cost approach and the Analytical Hierarchy model are used for these three purposes, respectively. The results show that the fuel demand in the Beijing urban passenger transport system will increase rapidly in the future, along with travel demand and vehicle stock. For CO2 mitigation targets, diesel vehicles have both emission reduction potential and cost-effectiveness, followed by mass rapid transport systems. The ranking of barriers is similar for all three technology options, and found to be financial incentive, public awareness, lack of infrastructure, high initial cost and institutional/administrative barriers, in descending order of importance. Lack of financial incentive plays a very important role in the adoption of new technology options.

MODELLING OF THE DEPENDENCE OF TRAVEL FREQUENCY ON THE LENGTH AND DURATION OF A JOURNEY. IMPROVEMENT OF CITY PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

The carried out research proved that the distribution of urban travel frequency according to the length and duration of a city journey can best be reflected by the Erlang k-distribution function. This function can be employed to predict time by work travel and the time of journeys during the morning rush-hour. The results of the research done by the author show that over 30% of the residents of Vilnius and Kaunas reach work using public transpm1 means. Their travel usually exceeds the normative length, i.e. over 40 min. The obtained statistical data indicate that the current public transpmt systems in Vilnius and Kaunas are inadequate to meet the residents'needs. Therefore the author has suggested a whole complex of various measures to develop the system of the Lithuanian urban passenger Transport. The main improvement measures have been proposed in accordance with the requirements for the passenger Transport as defined by European Economic Community. The implementation of the proposed measures would allow to restore the prestige of the urban passenger transport and encourage its development under the existing market conditions.

Multi-modal and demand-responsive passenger transport systems: a modelling framework with embedded control systems

The LITRES-2 modelling system provides a framework for investigating the performance of urban passenger transport systems, with particular attention to demand-responsive transport modes and traveller information technologies. The modes covered include conventional timetabled services (buses, trains etc.), taxis (both single- and multiple-hire), and other demand-responsive services. Tables of estimated aggregate demand are disaggregated so as to produce a stream of fully-articulated travel-requests. Individual requests are resolved as single- or multiple-leg journeys, through the use of request-broking and journey-planning modules that seek to minimise travellers' generalised costs. Journey-legs allocated to demand-responsive modes are handled by a fleet-scheduling module which includes provision for “instantaneous” as well as advance-notice bookings, and for contingent situations such as breakdowns and passenger no-shows. The fleet-scheduling and journey-planning modules are designed as embedded control systems and are intended for use in real-time as well as modelling applications. The paper describes the main analytical and procedural components of LITRES-2, and assesses some methodological issues arising from experience in recent planning studies. The system appears to be well suited for use in modelling situations where the critical issues are concerned with the supply rather than demand side of transportation activity.

Multimodel Approach of Modal Split in Urban Passenger Transportation Planning

In this paper, a catastrophe model is employed to predict the number of private automo-biles for passenger transportation in a city. The mode—distance model, the improved Markov Process analysis model, and the Traffic Behavior model are established for modal split in the urban passenger transportation system. Then, the reasonable construction of this system is obtained.

Peroni u funkciji željezničkog prigradskog prometa

This paper deals with the review of the existing conditions of platforms in the area of integration of the railways into the system of urban and suburban passenger transport in the City of Zagreb, and sets forth the recommendations of engineering (technical) resolutions for the construction of new platforms.

Implications of oil resources shortage for urban transport investment

The paper describes an investigation, recently commenced, into the implications for urban passenger transport investment of an oil resources shortage. The investigation is financed by the U.K. Science Research Council. The paper has three main sections, each devoted to one of the objectives of the investigation, namely: The effects of higher crude oil prices on passenger travel in urban areas; The energy consumption characteristics of existing and potential urban passenger transport systems; The implications for investment in urban passenger transport of an oil resources shortage. The third objective is being examined for actual investment proposals in Merseyside Metropolitan County Council, England, in co-operation with the local transport and planning authorities. Conclusions are drawn from discussion of these objectives. Finally the implications for urban passenger transport of the oil resources shortage is discussed briefly within the perspective of the division of financial resources between roads and public transport at urban level, and between transport and other sectors at national level.