Urban Electric Transport Research Articles

RESERVE CAPACITY OF LONGITUDINAL BEAM OF WAGON TRUCK UNDER THE ACTION OF UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADING

Priority directions and measures among the main branches of urban electric transport are resource saving in the subway transportation system during its operation. First of all, this problem must be solved by scientific support, that is, at the stage of designing parts and components of vehicles. One of the main tasks that are solved at the design stage is to increase the load-bearing capacity of the parts by analyzing their stress-strain state. The article is devoted to the calculation of the load capacity reserve of the longitudinal beam of the front subway trolley under the action of evenly distributed over the entire length of the load without taking into account the transverse forces. The priority of the research topic is substantiated, the purpose and tasks are formulated. Two approaches to the power calculation of the bearing capacity of the longitudinal beam are introduced: the calculation of the permissible stresses and the limit state. In both cases elastic models of beams are considered. In the case of calculation on the limit state, the mechanics of the occurrence of plastic hinges at the places of rigid fixing of the ends of the beam are first substantiated. The beam still retains its load capacity. With the further growth of the external load, the emergence of a plastic hinge is justified even in the middle of the beam with the simultaneous loss of the beam of the bearing capacity. To simulate the behavior of the beam according to its characteristics, including the stress and the degradation condition of its load capacity, the mathematical formulation of the problem of calculating the load capacity of the longitudinal beam when calculating the permissible stresses and the limit state without taking into account the transverse force. The load-bearing capacity of the longitudinal beam in the calculation of permissible stresses and the limit state is analyzed. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to judge the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model as a whole. The obtained equations for the maximum allowable load when calculating the limit state and the allowable stresses allow us to reliably estimate the bearing capacity of the longitudinal beam in both cases. The increase in the bearing capacity of the beam in the case of calculation on the limit is three times. The conclusions about the adequacy of the analysis of the bearing capacity of the longitudinal beam bearing capacity were made. Keywords: resource saving, beam, bearing capacity, allowable stresses, limit state.

DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMIC MODELS FOR RESEARCH OF RELIABILITY PARAMETERS OF TROLLEYBUS TRACTION ELECTRIC MOTORS IN THE OPERATION PROCESS

The analysis of the reliability parameters of traction engines during the operation of trolleybuses in different modes is done. The presented groups of operational factors are lead to the emergence of censored samples. The methods of express analysis of engine reliability using technical diagnostic tools are determined. A block diagram of an algorithmic model for studying the reliability parameters of traction electric motors of trolleybuses during operation has been developed. It allows at any time to evaluate the influence of operational factors on the reliability indicators of traction electric engines and to more clearly and reasonably assign organizational, technical and preventive measures. It has been established that the effective and reliable operation of urban electric transport, in particular trolleybuses, depends on the reliability of individual components and assemblies of rolling stock, as well as on the quality and timely control of their parameters during operation. In practice, it has been proved that failure of traction electric motors (TEM) of trolleybuses leads to significant material losses at electric transport enterprises. And one of the main parameters of reliability of traction electric motors of trolleybuses is the reliability of operation during operation. Based on the research results, practical recommendations are developed on the rational choice of diagnostic parameters. Their implementation at electric transport enterprises will increase the reliability of traction electric motors as a whole up to 10 %. The developed methodology allows the study (assessment) of the reliability parameters of any type of traction engine of a trolley during operation

АНАЛІЗ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ СТАЛО РОЗВИНУТИХ МІСТ

The article examines and summarizes the experience in using the components of the ecological security system in European cities, which ensure the solution of problems concerning sustainable development. The research used the methods of a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, logical generalization. The city's ecological security system is a set of economic methods and legal tools linked by the tasks of protecting the environment and creating comfortable living conditions for the population. Based on considering conditions and factors, the above methods and tools allow making decisions on supporting the ecologically safe development of the city. The experience of sustainably- developed European cities shows that their main ecological priorities at the present stage are the following: developing renewable energy; improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, reducing urban motor vehicle traffic in the central part of the city, using bicycles and urban electric transport; forming green spaces in order to strengthen ecosystem resilience and preserve biodiversity; rational handling of industrial and household waste. To achieve these priorities the following methods and tools are used: the development of a circular economy; introduction of resource-saving technologies and environmental innovations; formation of the ecological consciousness of the population; the broad powers of local governments in the environmental sphere, implementation of ecological programs and projects; support for environmental entrepreneurship. It was determined that to use the European experience of the ecological security system in Ukrainian cities, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work in the legal aspect (implementation of legislation and development of regulations, standard acts, provisions) as well as in the organizational and economic aspects (formation of conditions and opportunities for the implementation of decisions made in the environmental sphere). The preposition is made that the introduction of the individual components of the ecological security system used in European sustainably-developed cities should be done in Ukraine gradually, starting with eco-projects, eco-entrepreneurship, eco-cooperation and the formation of eco-spaces. The above components of the ecological security system must be aligned with goals and priorities of the sustainable development of the city in the economic and social aspects, which should be the subject of further research.

Construction of verification and diagnostic tests for the functional diagram of the object of the diagnosis

This article is devoted to the problem of technical diagnostics in urban electric transport and electrical facilities. To find the solution to this problem, it is necessary to transfer the qualitative determination of the Vehicle into some quantitative basis. The formalization of qualitative definitions is essential to the construction of formal (computable) diagnostic procedures.

Implementation of the marketing management concept in the activities of urban electric transport enterprises

Implementation of the marketing management concept in the activities of urban electric transport enterprises

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАКОПИЧУВАЧІВ ЕНЕРГІЇ В ЕЛЕКТРОМЕРЕЖАХ МІСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ТА ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ

The article deals with the methodology of business case for application of energy storage units in urban transport and home power grids while using dual- and three-zone pricing; in addition it provides an example of the methodology application. The object of study are electrical grids with energy storage units. The purpose of the work is to develop the business case for application of energy storage units in urban transport and home power grids while using dual- and three-zone pricing. Methods of investigations - mathematical modeling of processes. As a rule, the volumes of electricity production and its consumption do not coincide in time. Therefore, energy storage units are used to optimize energy flows. The drive is charged with an excess of energy and transfers the stored energy to the system at the moments of its absence. The development of such technologies can have a significant economic effect and is of great practical importance. In Ukraine, dual­zone and three-zone pricing are set for the population and businesses. When using the dual-zone pricing, the energy price coefficients for households are 0.5 at night from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. and 1.0 in the daytime. The maximum operation of urban electric transport, as well as power consumption by enterprises, organizations and households, occurs at the time of day with the highest energy price. To reduce overall consumption, you can charge energy storage units at night and use the stored energy during the day. The methodology for business case for application of energy storage units by using dual-zone and three-zone pricing is proposed. We have obtained the criteria for this need. To calculate the payback period of the project, we use the method of expected current clean price is used. It is shown that at the existing prices of energy storage systems and electricity pricing in Ukraine, the use of such systems to save money due to low night pricing is impractical. It was determined that business case for application of energy storage units when using a dual-zone pricing in Ukraine can take place if only specific electricity pricing from available units is less than 0.2 ... 0.7 UAH/kWh. The results of the study can be used in the design of electrical systems with energy storage units. The predicted assumption about the development of the object of study is to determine business case for application of energy storage units in consumer power circuits using alternative sources of electricity. KEYWORDS: ELECTRICITY, STORAGE UNITS, PRICING, ELECTRIC TRANSPORT, HOUSING, INVESTMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECT, EXPECTED CURRENT CLEAN PRICE, PAYBACK PERIOD.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ВПЛИВ УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ АВТОВЕДЕННЯ ПОТЯГІВ МЕТРОПОЛІТЕНУ НА ТРУДОВІ РЕСУРСИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КП «ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ МЕТРОПОЛІТЕН»)

The article discusses the economic aspects of the introduction of the automatic train guidance system (ATGS) of the metro in the light of the forthcoming changes in the personnel of the enterprise (quantitative and qualitative). A detailed analysis of the main indicators of staffing of the enterprise in question is made. Based on the analysis of the problems of the functioning and development of the enterprise, the authors came to the conclusion that the problems at the enterprise arise from the predominantly extensive path of development based on the long-term use of available resources. There are many obstacles to the further sustainable development of urban public transport enterprises. The main obstacle is the limitedness of one's own financial resources. Municipal Enterprise Kharkiv Metro sees a way out of the crisis situation in the introduction of the automatic train guidance system. This is an innovative system for our country. The analysis of the economic indicators of the ATGS proved that its implementation will significantly increase the main indicators of the functioning of metro enterprises – it will reduce energy consumption, increase the throughput of stations, increase the resource (service life) of rolling stock and rail facilities, and also increase the safety of passengers inside the trains. This article focuses on how exactly the ATGS will affect the staff of the enterprise (quantitative and qualitative). For example, some of the drivers will be freed, they will be offered to undergo retraining. The article also provides recommendations for increasing labor productivity at metro enterprises. The article presents a methodology for calculating the economic effect from the layoff and retraining of a part of the company's employees. The research results will be used to improve the efficiency of the Municipal Enterprise Kharkiv Metro. After all, the most important task of metro enterprises is to reduce losses from the process of their functioning. And today, the costs of urban electric transport enterprises are several times higher than the income from their main activity – passenger transportation. The international experience of the functioning of such systems demonstrates a significant positive economic effect for metro enterprises.

Identification of electric traction in the urban electric transport system

The article presents the results of a systematic review of the basis of formation and implementation of electric traction in the urban electric transport system. Its complexity is determined by the fact that various technical, technological, industrial and other subsystems and complexes are included in it, whose main purpose is to satisfy the needs of the population in transportation. Determining the basis for the formation and implementation of electric traction in the system of urban electric transport is a condition for finding methods and means of improving its efficiency, including the energetic one. Based on the proposed approach, urban electric transport was interpreted as a complex production and technical system, which allowed identifying electric traction as an electrical engineering complex, and at the same time as a technological system, and as a technological process of functioning of this system. The results of the study should be interpreted from the standpoint of synergistic ideas that will contribute to the development of the general theory of electric traction in the context of modern scientific methodology.

Development of the theory and methods for calculating the rational operation modes of electric traction equipment of urban electric transport

The article considers the process of converting electrical energy into targeted mechanical motion of electric stock during the implementation of all technological conditions of the production system of urban electric transport. The aim is to confirm the proposed scientific hypothesis that the operation modes of electric traction equipment are formed under the influence of a complexly organized electric thrust process and are the basis of its topological structures. The theoretical study carried out on the basis of the methodological analysis of the theory of electrical equipment, the theory of automatic control and automated electric drive, the theory of electric traction, the theory of motion construction, the systematic approach and the synergistic paradigm resulted in the formulated scientific concept (theoretical system), which identifies the process of electric traction as a system consisting of five levels that are hierarchically related and solve an individual specific task of developing the electric vehicle motion. The obtained theoretical system will allow developing the general theory of electric traction of urban electric transport by improving its methodological foundations and can find practical application when developing methods for calculating its rational modes of operation.

Planning Methodology for Road Passenger Transportation

The need for theoretical and methodological assessments of organization of the transport process, of the features of the passenger transportation market in the modern city is explained by the changing economic conditions in the country and transformation of legal foundations of production and business activities. The planning methodology, which is discussed in the first place, is considered in retrospect, successive development and is open to continuations, allowing to permanently obtain scientifically based results, verified solutions and reliable forecasts. The current Russian legislation binds public authorities, regional and local governments to carry out organization of regular transportation of passengers and their baggage on the routes of the road and urban ground electric transport. The main act defining the competence of the executive authorities in development of regular passenger transportation is a document on planning of regular transportation. As such a document has not previously been implemented, its development should be carried out permanently at all levels of public administration and city management. The analysis shows that it is advisable to develop a guide to transport planning, which would set forth methods of solving routing problems and technological organization of passenger transportation on regular routes of urban motor and urban electric transport, include the possibility of using modern software for modeling mobility and passenger transportation, as well as information obtained from georeferencing tools and the use of electronic IT. The guide should be based on the concept of sustainable development of transport systems and facilities; transport accessibility of various territories and objects for potential passengers; integration of urban planning, transport, environmental, social and other types of legislation; capabilities of modern «smart cities»; technical innovations in the field of transport engineering; an integrated approach and the concept of logistics of passenger traffic; permanent monitoring; improved staff qualifications.

Transformations of Urban Electric Transport in Ukraine after 1991 in the View of Transport Policy

The article presents, in a multifaceted manner, the changes that occurred in urban electric transport in Ukraine after 1991. The purpose of the article is to research the diversification of the degree and directions of development and transformation of urban electric transport systems in the context of the transport policy. The legal and financial conditions for the functioning and development of the system are discussed, and a SWOT analysis of the current situation is carried out. In order to assess the direction of the changes occurring on individual networks, a synthetic index was used, constructed on the basis of the statistical data from 25 years available. The research has shown that in 1991‒2016, in the vast majority of Ukrainian cities there was a regression in urban electric transport, the largest in the east of Ukraine. That was of a bipartite nature: in the first years it practically applied to all networks, later a polarization in cities occurred ‒ in parts of cities the situation of urban electric transport has improved slightly. In the context of numerous diagnosed problems, the challenges faced by urban electric transport in Ukraine were indicated.

The approach to the study of the reliability of the electric transport system of the city as a complex technical system

The currently existing methods for analyzing and assessing the reliability of a technical system are mainly focused on its individual elements and do not take into account the complexity of their interactions and integration into subsystems of various hierarchical levels. When considering the issues of reliability of electric vehicles, they mainly focus on individual components: the reliability of electric traction rolling stock, the reliability of the power supply system, the reliability of the track infrastructure, etc. The article proposes an approach that allows to consider urban electric transport as a complex technical system consisting of several levels, each of which contains components directly involved in the transmission and conversion of electric power into mechanical work of rolling stock under the influence of the environment. Such an approach will allow, in particular, to assess the impact of the reliability of such individual components on the efficiency of implementation of electric traction in a complex technical system of urban electric transport.

New methodological approach to the development of the theory of electric traction of urban electric transport

The article presents the scientific hypothesis that the modes of operation of electric traction equipment as part of an automated electric drive of the rolling stock of urban electric transport are formed under the influence of a complexly organized technological process of electric traction and are the topological basis of its structure. The aim of the study was to study the process of converting electrical energy into a targeted mechanical movement of rolling stock in the implementation of all technological conditions of the production and technical system of urban electric transport. The theoretical study was carried out on the basis of a methodological analysis of the theory of electrical equipment, the theory of automatic control and an automated electric drive, the theory of electric traction, the theory of motion construction, a systematic approach and a synergistic natural science paradigm. The main result is a formulated scientific concept, which allows to present the process of electric traction as a system consisting of five levels that are in hierarchical relations and solve each specific problem of building the movement of electric transport. The obtained theoretical system will allow developing the general theory of electric traction of urban electric transport by improving the methodological principles of the formation of operating modes of electric traction equipment when implementing the transportation process technology in the production and technical system of urban electric transport.

Consideration of the influence of the reliability of elements of the urban electric transport system on its bandwidth

The article proposes an approach to assessing the capacity of urban electric transport, which is one of the criteria for a stable resource supply of electric traction, taking into account the reliability of the elements of its infrastructure. By introducing the operational readiness factor as an indicator of reliability, the researcher has the opportunity to assess the impact of failures of these components on the efficiency of the electric traction process, as well as to compare the compliance of the transport line infrastructure with the characteristics of the rolling stock used.

Description of a complex technical system of urban electric transport from the standpoint of synergistic methodology

City electric transport is considered from the standpoint of a synergistic methodology in order to search for modern approaches to solving the actual problem of increasing its efficiency. The properties of the urban electric transport system are identified in their unity and interdependence in terms of synergetics. Methodological interpretations of these properties from the standpoint of an actually existing system of urban electric transport will allow determining its theoretical synergetic model.

ЦИВІЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИЙ ЗАХИСТ ПРАВ ПАСАЖИРА ЯК УЧАСНИКА ПРАВОВІДНОСИН ІЗ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ ПАСАЖИРІВ У МІСЬКОМУ ТА ПРИМІСЬКОМУ СПОЛУЧЕННІ

The article is devoted to the solution of problematic issues of civil legal protection of passenger rights during transportation in urban and suburban traffic. According to the author, the peculiarities of the investigated legal relations, their legal regulation, predetermine the peculiarities of civil law protection of the rights of the passenger in the transport of various types of transport in urban and suburban areas. The author has expanded the scope of contractual regulation of the legal relations of passenger transportation and, accordingly, protection of his rights, since, for the most part, the legal regulation of the investigated legal relationship is carried out at the level of acts of civil law. However, the author acknowledges that the requirements of acts of civil law should be recognized by the terms of the contract of carriage of the passenger. In this case, the contract of carriage is simultaneously a legal fact that generates a relationship, transaction, and commitment. In addition, the subject matter of the relationship of passenger transportation is somewhat wider than the contract of carriage. So, if in the contract of carriage there are only two parties – the carrier and the passenger, then in the transport relationship they are more. These are the parties themselves (carrier and passenger); bodies of local self-government, which perform the role of the organizer of providing transport services to the population, which coordinates the routes, the fare, determines the competitive conditions for the election of the carrier, establishes rules for the carriage of passengers in a given settlement (which must be textually in accordance with the Regulations for the carriage of passengers by various modes of transport); the subject of entrepreneurial activity, which accepts payments, or serves an automated system of payment of fares, etc. The point is that, in fact, local authorities are the organizer, which defines the terms of a public contract for passenger transportation. The peculiarity of this contract, as an agreement, which by way of conclusion can be called an agreement on accession, predetermines the feature that the passenger or concludes an agreement on the conditions determined by such an organizer or not. These conditions are defined by the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Transport”, the Law of Ukraine “On Urban Electric Transport”, transport codes and statutes, rules for carriage of passengers by various means of transport, the contract between the organizer or the customer of transportation and the carrier. Their requirements are in the terms of the relevant transportation agreements and are an integral part of them and make up the contents. Accordingly, the protection of the rights of the passenger is due to the content of the terms of such an agreement. The view on the contract of carriage of a passenger as a means of realizing the right of a person to freedom of movement allows to realize that the improper performance of their powers by local self-government bodies in terms of addressing the needs of the population of a territorial community by transport services is a violation of natural human rights. However, unfortunately, the issue of protection of violated rights and protected by law interests of citizens (potential passengers) is not resolved either at the level of positive law, nor at the level of practice of law. Analysis of legislative acts and jurisprudence allows us to conclude that neither carriers nor transport organizers (local self-government bodies) are not civilly responsible for the inadequate organization and operation of public transport. Exceptions include cases of injury or death of users of public transport services in urban and suburban traffic. But in this case the protection does not come from the passenger transportation agreement, but on the basis of acts of civil legislation on the fact of causing damage to a person’s health or death on the basis of the construction of a non-contractual obligation.

Evaluation of the operational life of direct current motors

This article is devoted to the issue of technical diagnostics in urban electric transport. To resolve the issue, it is necessary to translate the qualitative determination of the TS on some quantitative basis. The formalization of qualitative definitions is a necessary condition for the construction of formal (computable) diagnostic algorithms.

Research of reliability of urban electric transport system

Modern methods for analyzing and assessing the reliability of complex technical systems consider only its individual elements. The specifics of structural-functional interactions and integration into subsystems of different hierarchical levels are not taken into account. Studies show that analyzing the reliability of urban electric transport, also focus on individual components: the reliability of electric traction rolling stock, the reliability of the power supply system, the reliability of the track infrastructure, etc. The authors propose an approach that allows to consider urban electric transport as a complex technical system consisting of several levels that are hierarchically subordinate. Each level combines the components directly involved in the transmission and transformation of electric power into mechanical operation of the rolling stock under the influence of the external environment by means of traction electrical equipment. This approach will allow to develop the theoretical foundations of methods for analyzing the impact of the reliability of individual components of a complex technical system of urban electric transport on the effectiveness of the electric traction implementation.

КОНТРОЛЬ І МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ДЛЯ ТЕПЛОВОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПОРУШЕНЬ СИЛОВОГО ЕЛЕКТРООБЛАДНАННЯ

It has been considered the heat processes of traction electric engines parts in the maintenance and possible ways of heat generation modeling, which intensity is interconnected with operating physical quantities and possible components failure of traction electric drives in urban electric transport. The reasonable choice of input parameters, which control is possible with the help of remote techniques, located outside the mobile vehicle, was used in the development of pilot plant. By means of experimental equipment set containing electromechanical device in the form of a traction drive and brake, means for setting, regulation and control of technological input values and experimental device for measuring heating temperature electric engine with a given accuracy, it was realized the prepared experiment plan, implemented the variation of thermal processes in possible duty cycles of traction power equipment occurring on real urban routes. By means of differential electronic transducer “temperature-frequency” (T–F), the results of changing output ordinate were recorded and used in polynomial modeling of heating process in electric engine. The regression second order model, describing the thermal process, a spectral analyzer for record and visual control of output ordinate, were used for studying heat generation in laboratory-like environments and for evaluating the possibility of using standard and experimental control device for real traction substations of urban electric transport during remote technical diagnostics equipment according to its heating temperature. Using experimental differential electronic transducer T–F with a modulator and short mathematical description of heating process of traction electric drive allow to identify thermal processes with using of computing tools, which are different in few resources. It has been considered hardware-based ways to achieve the desired measuring set accuracy of the output ordinate and a program solution variant of the spectral low-frequency signal analyzer, which realization is possible by means of popular microcontrollers. The results have confirmed the appropriateness of studying thermal processes in electrical equipment and devices for synthesis of local compact remote equipment, which allows to create technical diagnostics devices and neural networks for possible failures evaluation, determined by the heat gradient in parts of power equipment of urban electric vehicles, operated on various routes and in different conditions.

К вопросу о развитии теории тягового электрооборудования городского электрического транспорта

К вопросу о развитии теории тягового электрооборудования городского электрического транспорта